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Enda Kenny TD
13th Taoiseach
In office 9 March 2011 – 14 June 2017
President	Mary McAleese Michael D. Higgins
Tánaiste	Eamon Gilmore Joan Burton Frances Fitzgerald
Preceded by	Brian Cowen
Succeeded by	Leo Varadkar
Minister for Defence
In office 6 May 2016 – 14 June 2017
Preceded by	Simon Coveney
Succeeded by	Leo Varadkar
In office 7 May 2014 – 11 July 2014 Acting
Preceded by	Alan Shatter
Succeeded by	Simon Coveney
Leader of the Opposition
In office 5 June 2002 – 9 March 2011
President	Mary McAleese
Taoiseach	Bertie Ahern Brian Cowen
Preceded by	Michael Noonan
Succeeded by	Micheál Martin
Leader of Fine Gael
In office 5 June 2002 – 2 June 2017
Deputy	Richard Bruton James Reilly
Preceded by	Michael Noonan
Succeeded by	Leo Varadkar
Minister for Tourism and Trade
In office 15 December 1994 – 26 June 1997
Taoiseach	John Bruton
Preceded by	Charlie McCreevy
Succeeded by	Jim McDaid
Minister of State for Youth Affairs
In office 13 February 1986 – 21 January 1987
Taoiseach	Garret FitzGerald
Preceded by	George Birmingham
Succeeded by	Office abolished
Teachta Dála
Incumbent
Assumed office June 1997
Constituency	Mayo
In office November 1975 – June 1997
Constituency	Mayo West
Personal details
Born	(1951-04-24) 24 April 1951 (age 67) Castlebar, County Mayo, Ireland
Nationality	Irish
Political party	Fine Gael
Spouse(s)	Fionnuala O'Kelly (m. 1992)
Children	3
Parents	Henry Kenny Eithne McGinley
Education	St Gerald's College
Alma mater	St Patrick's College, Dublin NUI Galway
Signature

Enda Kenny (born 24 April 1951) is an Irish Fine Gael politician who served as the 13th Taoiseach from 2011 to 2017, Leader of Fine Gael from 2002 to 2017,^[1]Minister for Defence from May 2014 to July 2014 and 2016 to 2017, Leader of the Opposition from 2002 to 2011, Minister for Tourism and Trade from 1994 to 1997 and Minister of State for Youth Affairs from 1986 to 1987. He has been a Teachta Dála (TD) since 1975, currently for the Mayo constituency.^[2]

He is the longest-serving TD currently in Dáil Éireann, which makes him the incumbent Father of the Dáil.

Kenny led Fine Gael to a historic victory at the 2011 general election, with his party becoming the largest in the state for the first time, forming a coalition government with the Labour Party on 9 March 2011.^[3] He subsequently became the first Fine Gael Taoiseach to be elected to a second consecutive term on 6 May 2016, after two months of negotiations, following the 2016 election, forming a Fine Gael-led minority government.^[4] He was the first Taoiseach from Fine Gael since John Bruton (1994–1997), and the first Leader of Fine Gael to win a general election since Garret FitzGerald in 1982. He became the longest-serving Fine Gael Taoiseach in April 2017.^[5]

Kenny stepped down as Leader of Fine Gael on 2 June 2017, and announced he would resign as Taoiseach once a new leader was chosen in early June.^[6] In the following leadership election, the then Minister for Social Protection Leo Varadkar, was elected to succeed Kenny as Leader of Fine Gael.^[7] He tendered his resignation as Taoiseach on 13 June 2017, and was succeeded by Varadkar the following day.^[8] On 5 November 2017, Kenny announced that he would not contest the next general election.^[9]

Early and private life

Enda Kenny was born in 1951 in Derrywash, Islandeady, near Castlebar, County Mayo, the third child of five of Mary Eithne (McGinley) and Henry Kenny.^[10] He was educated locally at St Patrick's National School, Cornanool N.S, Leitir N.S and at St. Gerald's College, Castlebar.^[11] He attended St Patrick's College of Education, Dublin,^[12] qualifying as a national teacher and was an undergraduate student at University College Galway.^[13] He worked as a primary school teacher for four years.^[14][15]

Kenny has been married to Fionnuala O'Kelly since 1992. She has been described by the media as his "secret weapon".^[16] O'Kelly is first cousin to sitting Fine Gael MEP Seán Kelly,^[17] who also served as a President of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA). The O'Kelly family originally come from the parish of Kilcummin near Killarney, County Kerry. The Kennys have three children: one daughter, Aoibhinn, and two sons, Ferdia and Naoise. The couple met in Leinster House, where O'Kelly worked as a press officer for Fianna Fáil. She later worked with Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ).^[18][16][19]

Kenny has climbed Mount Kilimanjaro and completed the Ring of Kerry Charity Cycle.^[20][21] He is a keen supporter of his native Mayo GAA football team. He played Gaelic football for his local club, Islandeady,^[22] of which he is the current club president. His father Henry, won an All-Ireland medal with the county team in 1936. His grandfather was a lighthouse keeper.^[23]

Early years in Dáil Éireann, 1975–1994

From an early age Kenny was exposed to politics as his father, Henry Kenny, became a Fine Gael TD in 1954. In the early 1970s, he became directly involved in politics when he started helping his father with constituency clinics. In 1975, Henry Kenny (who was at this stage a Parliamentary Secretary in the government) died after a short battle with cancer. Fine Gael wanted one of his sons to stand as their candidate at the subsequent by-election, and so Enda Kenny was chosen. He was elected on the first count with 52% of the vote, and at 24, he was the youngest member of the 20th Dáil.^[24]

Kenny remained on the backbenches for almost a decade. He was appointed party spokesperson firstly on Youth Affairs and Sport,^[25] then Western Development; however, he failed to build a national profile as he concentrated more on constituency matters. Kenny was left out in the cold when Garret FitzGerald became Taoiseach for the first time in 1981, and again in 1982. He was, however, appointed as a member of the Fine Gael delegation at the New Ireland Forum in 1983. He later served on the British-Irish Parliamentary Association. In 1986, he became a Minister of State at the Departments of Education and Labour.^[26] Fine Gael lost the 1987 general election, resulting in Kenny being on the opposition benches for the next seven years. In spite of this, his national profile was raised as he served in a number of positions on the party's front bench, including Education, Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht, and the Islands. He was also the Fine Gael Chief Whip for a short period.

Minister for Tourism (1994–97)

In late 1994, the Fianna Fáil–Labour Party government collapsed; however, no general election was called. Instead, a Fine Gael–Labour Party–Democratic Left "Rainbow Coalition" came to power. Kenny, as Fine Gael chief whip, was a key member of the team, which negotiated the programme for government with the other parties prior to the formation of the new government. Under Taoiseach John Bruton, Kenny joined the cabinet and was appointed Minister for Tourism and Trade.^[27] During his tenure as Minister, Ireland saw a significant growth in the tourism sector and in its international trade position.^{[citation needed]} As Minister, he chaired the European Union Council of Trade Ministers, during Ireland's six-month Presidency of the European Council, as well as co-chairing a round of the World Trade Organization talks in 1996. Among Kenny's other achievements were the rejuvenation of the Saint Patrick's Day parade in Dublin,^{[citation needed]} and the successful negotiations to bring a stage of the 1998 Tour de France to Ireland.^[28] In 1997, the government was defeated at the general election and Kenny returned to the opposition benches.

Opposition, 1997–2011

Fine Gael leadership elections

2001

In 2001, John Bruton resigned as leader of Fine Gael following a vote of no confidence in his ability.^[29] Kenny was one of a number of candidates who stood in the subsequent leadership election, promising to "electrify the party".^[30] In the final ballot it was Michael Noonan who emerged victorious (it is Fine Gael's custom not to publish ballot results for leadership elections). Noonan subsequently failed to give a spokesperson's assignment to Kenny. This led Kenny to accuse Noonan of sending a "dangerous message".^[31]

2002

At the 2002 general election, Fine Gael suffered its worst electoral performance ever, losing 23 seats, a figure larger than expected and with its overall vote down 5%. Kenny himself came close to losing his seat and even went so far as to prepare a concession speech. In the endhe won the third seat in the five-seat constituency. Noonan resigned as Fine Gael leader on the night of the result, an action which triggered another leadership election. Protest meetings were held by members of the party against the speed with which the leadership election had been called and the failure to broaden the franchise to the membership. It was suggested^{[by whom?]} that it was foolish to choose a leader before conducting an electoral post-mortem.

Kenny once again contested the Fine Gael leadership and emerged successful on that occasion.^[32] On becoming leader he faced an unenviable task. He not only had to rebuild a demoralised party that had been cut down to 31 seats, but also had to face a very popular Taoiseach, Bertie Ahern. In the beginning his leadership style was also criticised. The tide began to turn for Fine Gael in 2003 as the Fianna Fáil-led government's popularity took a downturn. Fine Gael's membership increased and the party became a much more united entity. Kenny's first major televised conference speech occurred in November 2003.^{[citation needed]}

Enda Kenny shakes the hand of German Chancellor Angela Merkel in April 2008

Allegedly racist remarks, 2002

In September 2002, Kenny was accused of making racist remarks after he used the word "nigger" in a joke relating to Patrice Lumumba, the assassinated first Prime Minister of Congo. Kenny wanted his "obscure joke" to be suppressed and specifically asked journalists not to report it, though Enda's "chortling repetition of the inflammatory word" was carried by the Sunday Independent newspaper.^[33] He was subsequently condemned by race campaigners at home and abroad.^[34][35] Matters were made worse when it emerged that several of Lumumba's relatives, including a son and several grandchildren, lived in Tallaght.^[36]

Kenny "apologized unreservedly" but "insisted it was not intended as a racist remark", and "a number of those who were present accept that Mr Kenny was not setting out to be racist" and that he was merely quoting what a Moroccan barman had once said, while reminiscing about an incident he had witnessed in the company of his friend David Molony, who had just died suddenly.^[37] But what he said was widely seen as politically indefensible, as a story that should not have been told by "a man putting himself forward as the next Taoiseach ... particularly in front of reporters."^[37]

Leader of the Opposition (2002–11)

Fine Gael out-performed expectations at the 2004 Local and European elections, which saw Fine Gael increase its representation from 4 MEPs, of 15 from Ireland, to 5 from 13. This was the first time Fine Gael had ever defeated Fianna Fáil in a national election, as well as the first time Fianna Fáil had lost a national election since it finished second in the September 1927 Irish general election to Cumann na nGaedheal, Fine Gael's immediate predecessor.

Prime Minister of Hungary Viktor Orbán, MEP Jacek Saryusz-Wolski, and Enda Kenny during an EPP Summit in December 2008

In July 2005, five men from the north of Kenny's Mayo constituency were jailed over their opposition to the Fianna Fáil-led government's plans for the Corrib gas project. One of the men, Philip McGrath, worked for Kenny as an election agent for Rossport during general elections. Unlike his fellow Mayo Fine Gael TD, Michael Ring, Kenny was cautious about backing the men's stance (Ring would later be forced to adopt the same policy).^[38] The Shell to Sea campaign that was founded to help release the men and get the government to change its mind shut down work on the project for fifteen months. When Gardaí were brought in to remove protesters with tactics that saw many hospitalised, Kenny said: "The law must be obeyed."^[39]

In November 2005, Kenny called for the abolition of compulsory Irish for the Leaving Certificate examinations. This was opposed by all the major Irish language organisations.^[40] In March 2006, Kenny was elected Vice-President of the European People's Party (EPP), the largest European political group to which Fine Gael is affiliated.^[41] In his speech to the EPP, he stated that Fine Gael would be in government in Ireland within two years.

During the first half of 2006, Kenny went aggressively after a more populist line on the cost of immigration, street crime, paedophilia and homeowner's rights. A graphic description of a mugging he had experienced was given to the Dáil, in the context of a crime discussion, only for it to be revealed a day later that the incident had occurred in Kenya, not in Ireland.^[42]

Kenny, speaking at the Young Fine Gael conference in 2007

Under Kenny, Fine Gael agreed to enter a pre-election pact with the Labour Party, to offer the electorate an alternative coalition government at the 2007 general election held on 24 May 2007. The so-called Mullingar Accord was agreed in September 2004, following the European and local elections that year.^[43] The Green Party also signalled via the media to be in favour of membership of such a coalition government after the election.^{[citation needed]} However, they would not commit to an agreement before polling day.

Kenny's leadership attempted to define Fine Gael as a party of the progressive centre. Its policy initiatives concentrated on value for money, consumer rights, civil partnerships, reform of public spending, reward and enterprise and preventative health care policy. The party sought to retake its former mantle as the law-and-order and liberal party committed to defending the institutions of the state. At the Fine Gael Ardfheis in March 2007, Kenny outlined his platform for the forthcoming general election entitled the "Contract for a Better Ireland".^[44] The main aspects of this "contract" included: 2,300 more hospital beds, 2,000 more Gardaí, tougher jail sentences and tougher bail for criminals, free health insurance for all children under 16 and lower income tax.^{[citation needed]} Bertie Ahern was perceived by many to have comfortably beaten Kenny in the pre-election Leaders' debate.^[45] When the votes were counted it emerged that Fine Gael had made large gains, increasing its number of seats by twenty to give a total of 51 seats in the new Dáil.^[46] However, Labour and the Greens failed to make gains, leaving Kenny's "Alliance for Change" short of a majority. Despite predictions to the contrary, the Fianna Fáil vote recovered sufficiently to bring it to 78 seats, and a third term in government for Ahern.^[47]

Responding to the banking crisis in County Cork, on 15 February 2009, Kenny asked the entire board of the Central Bank of Ireland's Financial Regulation section to resign.^[48]

2010 challenge to leadership

An opinion poll published in The Irish Times on 10 June 2010, triggered a challenge to Kenny's leadership of the party. The Ipsos MRBI poll indicated that the Labour Party had become the most popular political party in the country for the first time, and also showed a drop in backing for Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael, and for their leaders. It showed a five-point drop in Fianna Fáil support since January 2010, leaving that party on 17%, Fine Gael down four points to 28%, and Labour up eight points to 32%. Satisfaction with Kenny's leadership dropped 7% to 24%.^[49]

Following the failure of the party's deputy leader Richard Bruton to support him, he was dismissed by Kenny on 14 June 2010. He also tabled a motion of confidence in his leadership, to be held on 17 June 2010.^[49][50] On the following day it was revealed that nine members of the Fine Gael frontbench did not have confidence in Kenny to lead their party – composed of Simon Coveney, Denis Naughten, Olwyn Enright, Olivia Mitchell, Fergus O'Dowd, Michael Creed, Billy Timmins, Leo Varadkar and Brian Hayes. Denis Naughten said frontbench members did not have Kenny's support and would like him to withdraw his motion of confidence and stand down in the interest of the party.^[51]

In December 2008, Vincent Browne criticised Kenny in The Irish Times for not having a grasp of the issues, notably of economic issues.^[52]

The motion of confidence in Kenny was passed.^[51][53] He announced a major reshuffle of his party's front bench on 1 July 2010, re-appointing Bruton, Coveney, O'Dowd, and Varadkar.^[54]

2011 general election

At the start of the 2011 general election campaign, Kenny said Fine Gael recognised the importance of "the giving of hope and confidence to people through the taxation system", when speaking to reporters outside party election headquarters in Dublin. "The Fine Gael party in this election is the only party that is categorically saying that there will not be any increase in income tax over our period in government", he said. He said the country needed strong government and not an administration that depended on the support of Independents. "I think that this is a time for courageous and strong government. It is not a time for government that might self-combust or that would be dependent on the whim of any mercenary Independents. This is a judgment call for the people."^[55]

There was several leaders debates on television during the campaign. There was uniquely three debates on stations TV3, RTÉ and TG4, between Enda Kenny, Michaél Martin, and Eamon Gilmore and a five way leaders' debate on RTÉ also including Gerry Adams and John Gormley along with the other participants from the three way debates.

Kenny, however, refused to participate in the three-way leaders' debate proposed by TV3, stating his unhappiness that Vincent Browne would chair the debate.^[56] Browne is a well known critic of Fine Gael and Kenny. In 1982, Browne appeared on The Late Late Show where he poured scorn on Kenny, claiming he was "purporting" to be a TD.^[57] In October 2010, Browne was forced to make a public apology to Kenny after jokingly asking whether Fine Gael was requesting that he go into a darkroom with a gun and bottle of whisky. This was in reference to Fine Gael's position in the polls, where they were in second place to Labour, and a previous leadership challenge to Kenny by Richard Bruton.^[58] Kenny refused to appear on the leaders debate despite an offer by Browne to be replaced by a different moderator for the debate if Kenny would appear.^[59][60]

Kenny participated in a three party leader debate on RTÉ, moderated by Miriam O'Callaghan^[61] and also in a five-way debate on RTÉ, which was a new departure involving all party leaders of the outgoing Dáil, including Kenny, moderated by Pat Kenny.^[62]

He participated in a three-way debate in the Irish language with Micheál Martin and Eamon Gilmore on TG4.^[63]

On 14 February 2011, Kenny met German Chancellor Angela Merkel to discuss the Irish economy. Kenny and Merkel have close political ties because Merkel's CDU party and Fine Gael are both members of the centre-right European People's Party (EPP) and seating at EPP meetings is arranged by alphabetical order of surname.^[64] The close relationship between these two leaders is illustrated further by the fact that Angela Merkel also backed Enda Kenny and Fine Gael during the 2007 election.^[65]

Kenny makes a speech to Fine Gael party members on the day of the election results.

Opinion polls of 23 February 2011, sponsored by Paddy Power,^[66] the Irish Independent,^[67] and The Irish Times^[68] suggested that Kenny would lead Fine Gael to its largest total of seats to date in the 31st Dáil, and that he would be elected Taoiseach.

In the election, Kenny led Fine Gael to a decisive victory. The party won 76 seats, the most in its 78-year history, becoming the largest party in the Dáil for the first time. Meanwhile, Fianna Fáil suffered the worst defeat of a sitting government in the history of the Irish state, its representation being reduced by 75%. Kenny himself topped the poll in his Mayo constituency and uniquely three others from Fine Gael were elected alongside Kenny. At a victory party in Dublin, Kenny declared Fine Gael had "a massive endorsement" to govern, and the election marked "a transformative moment in Ireland's history".^[69] Later, he told RTÉ that he fully expected to become Taoiseach after what he called "a democratic revolution at the ballot box".^[70] While there was some talk that Fine Gael would govern alone as a minority government, senior Fine Gael leaders indicated as soon as the election result was beyond doubt that they would likely enter a coalition government with the Labour Party.^[71] Late on the night of 5 March 2011, at Dublin Castle, Fine Gael and Labour formally agreed to form a coalition government with Kenny as Taoiseach^[3] and Labour leader Eamon Gilmore as Tánaiste, with Labour being given four other seats in cabinet.^[72]

Kenny said that his first priority upon taking office will be to renegotiate the bailout, calling the original deal "a bad deal for Ireland and a bad deal for Europe".^[73]

Taoiseach (2011–17)

2011

Kenny with former U.S. President Barack Obama, May 2011

The members of the 31st Dáil convened for the first time on 9 March 2011, the Dáil elected Kenny as Taoiseach by a vote of 117–27.^[74] Kenny received his seal of office from President Mary McAleese. He also announced ministerial appointees to his Government on 9 March 2011.^[75] At just under 59 years and 11 months on accession, Kenny is the second-oldest person to have assumed the office for the first time,^[76] the oldest being Seán Lemass.^{[citation needed]}

On 9 March 2011, Kenny appointed 15 junior Ministers. He also appointed a Minister for political reform, and sent a request to the OPW as to how he could address ministerial transport.^[77] On 15 March 2011, it was announced that only the current President, the Taoiseach, the Tánaiste and the Minister for Justice were to have Garda drivers. All other Ministers would have to make use of their own transport with a mileage allowance and a commercial chauffeur as an expense. There was no announcement as to the continuing engagement of three government jets.^[78] The media reported that this would reduce the ministerial motor vehicle transport bill to €7,000,000 annually, which is more than the combined annual tax contributions of 16,000 people on minimum wage.

Government pay cuts

In one of his first acts as Taoiseach, Kenny slashed his own pay by €14,000 (a reduction of 7%). The new government also decided to cut the pay of senior Ministers. The Taoiseach's pay was cut from €214,187 to €200,000. Tánaiste Eamon Gilmore's pay was cut from €197,486 to €184,405. Ministers' pay was reduced to €169,275 (from €181,283), while pay for Ministers of State was cut from €139,266 to €130,042. In another cost-cutting measure, Kenny asked the Garda, the Departments of Justice and Transport, as well as the Office of Public Works, to come up with a plan to reduce the amount spent on transporting Ministers and their teams.^[79]

Financial and banking policy

On 11 March 2011, his third day in office, Kenny attended his first European Council as Taoiseach, in Brussels. During that summit he engaged in a heated confrontation with President of France Nicolas Sarkozy (which Kenny termed "a Gallic spat") over Ireland's comparatively low 12.5% corporate tax rate, which EU leaders have frequently posited as a condition of more favourable terms for the Irish bailout.^[80] Kenny held firm on his refusal to alter the corporate tax, which he reiterated in his first Leaders' Questions the following week—also declaring his government's intention to withhold further state funds from Dublin banks until the EU agreed to new terms that forced banks' senior bondholders to share in the losses.^[81]

However, less than three weeks later on 31 March 2011, the Central Bank of Ireland published the results of its "stress tests" on Ireland's four surviving banks (Allied Irish Banks, Bank of Ireland, EBS, and Irish Life & Permanent) —indicating that the banks needed to raise an additional €24,000,000,000 to remain solvent.^[82] Despite his earlier promise, the government announced the same day that the state would supply the necessary funds to keep the banks afloat, with Kenny stating that seeking the money from bondholders would be neither "reasonable or logical".^[83]

Kenny was heavily criticised for his government's action, with the Irish Independent noting that "this is the fifth time Irish people have been told over the past couple of years it would be the last payout they would have to endure".^[84]

Nevertheless, the first national opinion poll since Kenny took office, published on 10 April 2011, showed that public support for Kenny's Fine Gael party had increased since the election from 36% to 39%, although a plurality also indicated deep dissatisfaction with his rescue of the banks.^[85]

On 21 July 2011, Kenny announced that an agreement had been reached by Eurozone leaders to reduce Ireland's interest rate by 2% and extend the repayment period.^[86]

Pension levy controversy

On 9 May 2011, Kenny's government announced a new job creation program, along with plan to finance it via a 0.6% tax levy on private pension savings.^[87] Public pension funds, however, would remain untouched. The pension levy caused an immediate and intense outcry, leaving Kenny to defend the initiative as "a modest proposal" and refuting charges that the government would next tax personal savings.^[88][89] However, the controversy surrounding the levy intensified on 12 May 2011, when Kenny admitted that the holders of Approved Retirement Funds—most of whom were among the highest income earners in Ireland—would not be included in the levy.^[90]

Political reforms

On 3 May 2011, Kenny's government approved a set of political reforms that adhered to promises Kenny had made in the general election.^[91][92] Among the approved reforms were a binding Constituency Commission scheduled for June 2011, with the specific purpose of reducing the number of TDs by up to 20;^[91] an act to establish a six-month time limit for holding by-elections to the Dáil; a €750,000 spending limit in the 2011 presidential election; Legislation to ban corporate donations, to be enacted by summer 2011; establishment of a Constitutional Convention in 2011, which will include discussion of the Seanad; and a referendum to abolish the Seanad, to be held in the second half of 2012.^[92] The promise to cut up to 20 TDs caused some controversy and scepticism due to the Constitutional requirement that there be no less than one TD for every 30,000 people, which would necessitate a minimum of 150 TDs—meaning that the current number of 166 TDs could be reduced by 16 at most.^[93]

Vatican reprimand and response

Wikisource has original text related to this article: Enda Kenny's Cloyne Speech

On 13 July 2011, the Cloyne Report was published, detailing the investigation into allegations of child sexual abuse by 19 priests in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cloyne.^[94] Among the report's findings were the revelation that the vast majority of allegations made in the diocese were not reported to the Garda, as required by the Church's 1996 guidelines; that the Bishop of the Diocese, John Magee, and others had withheld full co-operation with the Government's investigation and had deliberately misrepresented his own response to the allegations; and that the Vatican itself had both refused to co-operate in the investigation and counselled the Diocese that the 1996 guidelines were not binding.^[95]

On 20 July 2011, Kenny condemned the Vatican^[96] for its role in the scandal, stating that the Church's role in obstructing the investigation was a serious infringement upon the sovereignty of Ireland and that the scandal revealed "the dysfunction, disconnection and elitism that dominates the culture of the Vatican to this day".^[97] He added that "the historic relationship between church and state in Ireland could not be the same again".^[98][99]

Kenny's attack on the Vatican was unprecedented by a high-level official in Ireland. The speech was widely regarded as extraordinary, with the Daily Mail commenting that the attack was "the first time that Ireland's Parliament has publicly castigated the Vatican instead of local church leaders during the country's 17 years of paedophile-priest scandals".^[99]The Guardian remarked that " the political classes have...lost their fear, namely of the once almighty Roman Catholic church."^[100]

On 3 September, the Holy See issued its response to Mr Kenny's speech noting that "the accusation that the Holy See attempted "to frustrate an Inquiry in a sovereign, democratic republic as little as three years ago, not three decades ago", which Mr Kenny made no attempt to substantiate, is unfounded. Indeed, when asked, a Government spokesperson clarified that Mr. Kenny was not referring to any specific incident". The response added that "Those Reports [...] contain no evidence to suggest that the Holy See meddled in the internal affairs of the Irish State or, for that matter, was involved in the day-to-day management of Irish dioceses or religious congregations with respect to sexual abuse issues".

On the quoting of then Cardinal Ratzinger, the response notes that the quotation was taken from the Instruction on the Ecclesial Vocation of the Theologian, otherwise known as Donum Veritatis (The Gift of the Truth), published by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith on 24 May 1990, and signed by the then Prefect and Secretary of the Congregation. Therefore, it is not a private text of the then Cardinal Ratzinger but an official document of the Congregation.^[101]

First national address

Wikisource has original text related to this article: Enda Kenny's address to the nation

Kenny gave a televised address to the nation on 4 December 2011, ahead of the delivery of the 2012 Irish budget.^[102] He warned that Budget 2012 "will be tough", and that "it has to be". He also said that it will move Ireland towards a manageable deficit of 3% of GDP by 2015.^[103] This was only the sixth time that a Taoiseach had addressed the nation,^[104] reflecting the gravity of the Irish economic condition, in what Kenny stressed were "exceptional" circumstances.^[105] The broadcast was the second most watched television programme of 2011 in Ireland, attracting an audience of 1.2 million viewers.^[106]

2013

Taoiseach Enda Kenny, with his cabinet in March 2013

Promissory notes

In February 2013, a deal was reached with the European Central Bank, in relation to the promissory note used to bail out the former Anglo Irish Bank. Kenny described it as "a good day for the country and its people".^[107] He told the Dáil that, as a result of the changes, there would be a €20 billion reduction in the borrowing requirement of the National Treasury Management Agency in the years ahead, but also cautioned that the agreement was not a "silver bullet".^[108]

Magdalene Laundry apology

On 19 February 2013, Kenny apologised in Dáil Éireann, on behalf of the State to the survivors of the Magdalene Laundries. The government also told the estimated 800 to 1,000 surviving Magdalene women that a compensation scheme would be set up for them.^[109] However, by February 2014, none of the 684 applicants had received their statutory old-age pensions or health care benefits promised.^[110]

Second national address

To mark the end of the Troika bailout in December 2013, Kenny gave a second address to the nation, saying that the country was moving in the right direction, and that the economy was starting to recover.^[111]

2014

Kenny meeting members of Ireland's Defence Forces deployed on a UN mission in Lebanon

Resignations of Martin Callinan and Alan Shatter

In March 2014, in response to reports that Garda stations were bugged, Kenny informed the Dáil that he had sent Brian Purcell, the Secretary General of the Department of Justice, to Garda Commissioner Martin Callinan, the day before Callinan's sudden departure from his role. Leader of the Opposition Micheál Martin said this meant Kenny had effectively "sacked" Callinan. Kenny also said that he had been personally briefed on Garda surveillance by his Attorney General Máire Whelan, as Whelan did not wish to speak of the matter over the telephone.^[112]

In May 2014, following the resignation of Minister for Justice and Equality Alan Shatter, support for Kenny and his party slumped at the local and European elections.^[113] Kenny was later to be seen doing some "happy dancing" at the annual Bloom Festival.^[114][115]

2015

In March 2015, Kenny was criticised for his lack of understanding towards Wexford TD Mick Wallace's inability to speak Irish, during leader's questions in the Dáil.^[116]

In April 2015, Kenny told the Dáil a tale about a man with two pints in one hand. Sinn Féin leader Gerry Adams immediately quizzed him on this, saying: "Two pints in one hand?".^[117]

On 22 September 2015, Kenny controversially delayed leaders's questions in the Dáil so that he could open the Denis O'Brien-controlled Independent News & Media's new digital hub.^[118] Kenny had previously launched a book for James Morrissey, the long-term paid spokesperson for O'Brien.^[119]

A "punching gesture" made by Kenny as Mary Lou McDonald was speaking during a Dáil debate on the Budget on 13 October 2015, attracted public notice. McDonald later responded by saying, "a punching gesture is unusual behaviour to say the least and I would suggest not to be repeated".^[120]

Later that month, Kenny told a gathering of the European People's Party (EPP) in Madrid, that he had been instructed to have the army guarded ATMs, during the economic downturn. Opposition TDs wondered why he did not tell this to the banking inquiry and Kenny was accused of "telling a tall tale". Kenny himself later contradicted his own account by saying he had not received a specific briefing on the matter. A spokesman for Kenny later claimed it had been "informally discussed" in government buildings in early 2012, but that minutes had not been kept due to the sensitivity of the details therein.^[121]

2016

On 3 February 2016, Kenny announced his intention to request that President Higgins dissolve the 31st Dáil. He told the Dáil before its dissolution, that the 2016 general election would occur on Friday, 26 February.^[122]

At a Fine Gael rally in his home town of Castlebar, County Mayo, on 20 February 2016, Kenny informed an audience that his local constituents were All-Ireland champion "whingers". He later told media in Galway, that he was referring to local Fianna Fáil members.^[123]

Following the election, Fine Gael received 50 seats, 29 short of an overall majority. Preliminary discussions took place with Leader of the Opposition Mícheál Martin, in order to agree on an arrangement to support either Kenny, Fine Gael or under a new leader to remain in government.^[124] On 10 March 2016, Kenny resigned as Taoiseach, after failing to win enough votes to be elected for a second term. He and the cabinet continued in a caretaker capacity until a new government was formed.^[125]

As caretaker Kenny went to Washington, D.C., as usual for Saint Patrick's Day. There he was reported as having told the Irish Embassy: "Bejaysus, I wish I didn't have to go back and face what I have to face".^[126] He also met President Barack Obama, as part of the annual visit of the Irish Taoiseach, to the White House, for the handing over of the bowl of shamorock.^[127]

On 29 April 2016, an agreement was reached with Fianna Fáil to allow a Fine Gael-led minority government, and on 6 May 2016, Kenny was elected Taoiseach again, by a margin of 59 to 49 votes (with 51 abstentions), and formed a government. He became the first Fine Gael Taoiseach to win re-election in Ireland's history.^[4] Kenny also took over as Minister for Defence, from Simon Coveney, who became the new Minister for Housing.^[128]

Regarding the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, Kenny is on record as saying the possibility of a "Brexit" would cause a "serious difficulty" with maintaining peace in Northern Ireland.^[129] Kenny has been described as favouring Britain remaining in the European Union as, were Britain to leave the EU, the peace settlement in Northern Ireland might collapse.^[129] This statement was denounced by Theresa Villiers, the British Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, as "scaremongering of the worst possible kind"; she stated that the Common Travel Area, the "open border" encompassing the United Kingdom and Ireland, would not be affected by Britain's departure from the EU.^[130]

2017

Kenny with U.S. President Donald Trump, 16 March 2017

On 30 January 2017, a joint press meeting was held between Enda Kenny and British Prime Minister Theresa May, in Merrion Street, Dublin, to discuss the implications of Brexit on Northern Ireland and Ireland.^[131]

Subsequent to the 2016 general election, there were calls for him to step down as Leader of Fine Gael, and thus as Taoiseach. After the uncovering of the Garda smear campaign of sergeant Maurice McCabe, some backbench TDs lost confidence in Kenny.^[132][133] Kenny had stated he would indicate his plans for a leadership change following his return from the U.S. for the traditional St. Patrick's Day celebrations; however, at the St. Patrick's Day parade in New York City, Kenny stated that he would not stand down from leadership until the issues of Brexit and the aftermath of the snap election in Northern Ireland had been resolved, saying that "you can't have a situation where you have no leadership in Northern Ireland and where we have to define from a European Union point of view where Ireland would be, what the agreed terms of reference for the [Brexit] negotiations are". He also remarked that he and Prime Minister May were in agreement that there would not be a return to direct rule from Westminster in Northern Ireland.^[134] On 20 March, Finance Minister Michael Noonan stated that Kenny should remain in office at least until June, when the next phase of EU Brexit negotiations was set to begin. The following day, Kenny announced that he would not consider standing down until May at the earliest, and that he planned to attend the European Council on 29 April 2017, to discuss strategy surrounding Brexit.^[135]

Austerity

Kenny's term was dominated by the introduction of austerity policies in the aftermath of the economic recession.^[136] These policies began under the previous Fianna Fáil government in 2008, and continued for much of Kenny's first term. Overall, the impact of these budgets has been described as not conforming to "either a progressive pattern (losses increasing with income) or regressive pattern (losses declining with income)" by the Economic and Social Research Institute. ^[137]

Retirement

On 17 May 2017, Kenny announced his intention to step down as party leader, effective at midnight.^[138]
He requested that the party conclude the election of his successor by 2 June 2017, and said that he would step down as Taoiseach shortly thereafter.^[6] In the ensuing election, Minister for Social Protection Leo Varadkar was elected Leader of Fine Gael.^[139] In a statement, Kenny offered his 'heartiest congratulations' to Varadkar, saying 'this is a tremendous honour for him and I know he will devote his life to improving the lives of people across our country'.^[140]

In early June 2017, Kenny made his final trip to the United States as Taoiseach. While in Chicago on 4 June 2017, he was in attendance at Soldier Field for the Irish rock band U2's performance as part of their Joshua Tree Tour.^[141] U2 lead singer Bono dedicated their performance of the song "Trip Through Your Wires" to Kenny,^[142] saying "The man we call Taoiseach, which I think might mean head of the house or something like that... The chieftain of our country is here tonight! ...We’d like to honour our graceful leader."^[143]

On 13 June 2017, Kenny tendered his resignation as Taoiseach. The following day, 14 June 2017, Kenny nominated Varadkar to formally succeed him as Taoiseach in the Dáil. The Dáil approved his nomination. Kenny made his farewell address to the Dáil, quoting U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt: "Far and away, the best prize that life has to offer is a chance to work hard at work worth doing." After receiving a standing ovation from the Dáil, Kenny departed for Áras an Uachtaráin and submitted his resignation to President Michael D. Higgins. In his last duty as Taoiseach, he advised the President, that the Dáil had nominated Leo Varadkar as Taoiseach, and that the President should invite him to form a new government and appoint him as Taoiseach accordingly to the constitution.^[8]

In June 2018, Kenny was named 'Irish European of the Year' for "his outstanding contribution to promoting and developing Ireland's place in Europe through some of the most challenging circumstances in our history around the time of the Brexit referendum to also chairing the European Council and developing and promoting our relationship with the European Union".^[144]

Legacy

Political journalist John Downing wrote a biography of Kenny titled "Enda Kenny: The Unlikely Taoiseach".^[145]

See also

• Families in the Oireachtas

References

External links

• Enda Kenny's page on the Fine Gael website


• 
  Appearances on C-SPAN