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Central High School of Philadelphia
Address
1700 West Olney Avenue Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19141 United States
Information
Type	Public high school
Established	1836
School district	The School District of Philadelphia
President	Timothy J. McKenna
Teaching staff	93.54 (FTE)
Grades	9–12
Enrollment	2,227[1] (2014-15)
Student to teacher ratio	23.81
Color(s)
Athletics conference	Philadelphia Public League
Nickname	Lancers
Newspaper	The Centralizer
Television network	Central Broadcast News (CBN)
Website	centralhigh.net
[2][3]
Central High School
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Show map of Philadelphia Show map of Pennsylvania Show map of the US
Location	1700 West Olney Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Coordinates	40°2′14″N 75°8′20″W / 40.03722°N 75.13889°W / 40.03722; -75.13889Coordinates: 40°2′14″N 75°8′20″W / 40.03722°N 75.13889°W / 40.03722; -75.13889
Area	5 acres (2.0 ha)
Built	1937
Architectural style	Moderne
MPS	Philadelphia Public Schools TR
NRHP reference #	86003267
Added to NRHP	December 4, 1986

Central High School is a public high school in the Logan^[4] section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Central, the second-oldest continuously public high school in the United States (if one considers schools that were initially private, it is the twenty-seventh oldest public high school), was founded in 1836 and is a four-year university preparatory magnet school.

About 2,400 students attend grades 9 through 12. It consistently ranks among the top schools in the city and state. Central is regarded as one of the top public schools in the nation due to its high academic standards.This school requires exceptional grades for enrollment.^[5]

Central High School is the only high school in the United States with authority, granted by an Act of Assembly in 1849, to confer academic degrees upon its graduates.^[6] This practice is still in effect, and graduates who meet the requirements are granted the Bachelor of Arts degree. Central also confers high school diplomas upon graduates who do not meet the requirement for a bachelor's degree.

Due to its authority to grant academic degrees, Central traditionally refers to the principal of the school as the "President" of Central High School. The current president is Timothy J. McKenna.

Central, rather than using a general class year to identify its classes (as in "class of 2019"), uses the class graduating number system (as in "274th graduating class" or "274"). This tradition started shortly after the school's founding, when it was common to have two graduating classes per year – one in January and one in June. In June 1965, semiannual graduations were replaced by annual graduations. As of the 2017–2018 school year, the current senior class is the 277th graduating class of Central High School.^[7]

History

An 1839 daguerreotype of Central High School is the earliest known photograph of the first school and the oldest known photograph taken in the U.S.

Central High School, first location, 1852

A postcard of the Boys Central High School, third location, 1904

Central High School of Philadelphia was founded in 1836 as "the crowning glory" of Philadelphia Pennsylvania's public school system, "the worthy apex to a noble pyramid", and the first "high" school in the state. Because city voters only reluctantly had been convinced of the need for a high school, the curriculum was carefully and publicly geared to the needs of taxpayers. Central's founders made an especially concerted effort to avoid educating students in the manner of private academies of the day, where classical languages and literature were of paramount importance.^[5]

Central High School is the second oldest continuously public high school in the United States. The school was chartered by an Act of Assembly and approved on June 13, 1836. A site was purchased on the east side of Juniper Street below Market Street and on September 19, 1837, the cornerstone was laid. The school opened on October 26, 1838 with four professors and sixty-three students.^{[citation needed]}

In November 1839, Alexander Dallas Bache, great grandson of Benjamin Franklin, and Professor of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania, was elected the first President of Central High School.^[8] President Bache resigned in 1842 to return to his professorship at the University of Pennsylvania, and was succeeded by John Seely Hart, who had been a Professor of Languages at Princeton University.^{[citation needed]}

In 1845, two distinguished English members of the Society of Friends, James H. Tuke and Joseph Corosfield, spent several months in America investigating the school system of the United States. They devoted more than one-third of the text of their report to Central High School, that they depicted as a type of institution that had helped America and could help England.^{[citation needed]}

An Act of Assembly, approved on April 9, 1849, provided that:

"The Controllers of the Public Schools of the First School District of Pennsylvania shall have and possess power to confer academic degrees in the arts upon graduates of the Central High School, in the City of Philadelphia, and the same and like power to confer degrees, honorary and otherwise, which is now possessed by the University of Pennsylvania."^[9] In accordance with this Act, the Board of Controllers on September 11, 1849, authorized the conferring of appropriate degrees upon graduates of Central High.

On June 24, 1847, the President of the United States, James K. Polk, with Vice-President George M. Dallas and Attorney General Nathan Clifford paid a visit to the school and addressed the students.^{[citation needed]}

In September 1854, the school transferred to a new building, located at the southeast corner of Broad and Green Streets. In 1858, President Hart resigned and was succeeded by Nicholas Harper Maguire. In September 1900, the school moved to its third location in a newer and larger building located at Broad, Green, Fifteenth, and Brandywine Streets. During the formal dedication on November 22, 1902, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, addressed the students.^{[citation needed]}

In 1939, Central moved from its location at Broad and Green to its fourth, current, location at Ogontz and Olney Avenues. The building left behind became the Benjamin Franklin High School.^{[citation needed]}

After 139 years of existence as an all-male public high school, Central's all-male policy was challenged by Susan Vorchheimer, who wished to be admitted to Central. On August 7, 1975, U.S. District Court Judge Clarence C. Newcomer ruled that Central must admit academically qualified girls starting in the fall term of 1975. The decision was appealed, and the Third Circuit Court ruled that Central had the right to retain its present status.^[10] The case eventually reached the U.S. Supreme Court that, on April 19, 1977, upheld the Third Circuit Court's verdict by a 4 to 4 vote with one abstention. That Supreme Court case was called Vorchheimer v. School Dist. of Philadelphia.^[11][12]

In August 1983, Judge William M. Marutani of the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas, ruled that the single-sex admission policy was unconstitutional. The Board of Education voted not to appeal the legal decision, thereby admitting girls to Central High School. In September 1983, the first six girls, all seniors, were admitted.^{[citation needed]}

In October 1987, and again in September 2011,^[13] Central High School was officially named a Secondary school of National Excellence by the United States Department of Education and named a Blue Ribbon School. In March 1992, Redbook magazine named Central as one of the best schools in Pennsylvania. Central was named "Best Secondary School in Pennsylvania" by the magazine each year since they began rating the nation's best schools.^{[citation needed]}

The multimillion-dollar art, science, and physical education addition was officially dedicated on February 17, 1994.^{[citation needed]}

The Barnwell library is now one of the most advanced public school libraries in the United States since the $12 million renovation that was completed in 2005.^{[citation needed]}

As of 2013, Central High School's score on the Pennsylvania school performance profile is a 101.3 out of a possible 100 non bonus point score. This ranks them as the number two public high school in the state, the other being the Downingtown STEM Academy with a rating of 101.4 out of 100 non bonus point score.^{[citation needed]}

Philadelphia School of Pedagogy

The Philadelphia School of Pedagogy was a program for Central graduates who wanted to become elementary school teachers. It was the male counterpart to the Philadelphia's normal school, originally the upper division of Philadelphia High School for Girls.^{[citation needed]}

Once a Bachelor's degree became the standard qualification for teachers, the normal schools that were run by the State System of Higher Education became colleges (e.g., West Chester, Cheyney, Indiana, etc.). However, the Philadelphia schools were run by the School District of Philadelphia, who had less money, and were located only a few blocks from Temple University^{[clarification needed]}.

Presidents of Central High School

A portrait of John Seely Hart by Thomas Eakins

• 
  Alexander Dallas Bache – 1839–1842


• 
  John Seely Hart – 1842–1858


• Nicholas Harper Maguire. – 1858–1866


• George Inman Riché – 1866–1886 (19th Class)


• Franklin Taylor – 1886–1888


• Henry Clark Johnson – 1888–1893


• Robert Ellis Thompson – 1894–1920


• John Louis Haney – 1920–1943 (100th Class)


• William Hafner Cornog – 1943–1955 (146th Class)


• Elmer Field – 1955–1962 (122nd Class)


• William H. Gregory – 1962–1969


• Howard Carlisle – 1969–1983 (162nd Class)


• Sheldon S. Pavel – 1984–2012


• Timothy J. McKenna – 2012–present

Guide to class numbers

Since graduates are usually identified by class number, the year in which they graduated is not immediately obvious. This section explains the relation between class number and graduation date.

The first class graduated in June 1842. Through much of the school's history, there were two graduating classes per year, in January and June. But in some years, including all years after 1965, there was only one graduating class, in June. The following list details the correspondence between class number and graduation date.^[14]

1 June 1842

  2 June 1843

  3 January 1844

  4 June 1844

… 2 classes per year …

 75 January 1880

 76 June 1880

 77 June 1881

 78 June 1882

 79 January 1883

… 2 classes per year …

 95 January 1891

 96 June 1891

 97 June 1892

… 1 class per year …

116 June 1911

117 January 1912

118 June 1912

… 2 classes per year …

223 January 1965

224 June 1965

225 June 1966

… 1 class per year …

Thus, for classes graduating after 1965, the year of graduation equals the class number plus 1741.

Notable alumni

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Central High School, Philadelphia.

• current Central High School Web site


• historical Central High School Web sites (from the Wayback Machine):
  
  
  
  • 
    September 4, 2010 thru March 21, 2011
  
  
  • 
    November 19, 2000 thru August 13, 2010
  
  
  • 
    October 9, 1999 thru February 6, 2001
  
  
  • 
    April 11, 1997 thru April 20, 1999
  
  
  
  


• The School District of Philadelphia