Rdxfbgrtj

Bromley
High Street, Bromley
Bromley Bromley shown within Greater London
Population	71,983 (five wards 2011)[1]
OS grid reference	TQ405695
• Charing Cross	9.3 mi (15.0 km) NW
Region	London
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	BROMLEY
Postcode district	BR1, BR2
Dialling code	020
Police	Metropolitan
Fire	London
Ambulance	London
EU Parliament	London
UK Parliament	Bromley and Chislehurst
List of places UK England London 51°24′25″N 0°01′16″E / 51.4070°N 0.0210°E / 51.4070; 0.0210Coordinates: 51°24′25″N 0°01′16″E / 51.4070°N 0.0210°E / 51.4070; 0.0210

Bromley is the principal settlement in the London Borough of Bromley, Greater London, England, 9.3 miles (15.0 km) south east of Charing Cross.^[2]

Historically a market town, chartered in 1158, Bromley was an ancient parish in the county of Kent.^[3] Its location on a coaching route and the opening of a railway station in 1858 were key to its development, and the shift from an agrarian village to commerce and retail. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Bromley significantly increased in population and was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1903. It has developed into one of a handful of regionally significant commercial and retail districts outside central London and has formed part of Greater London since 1965.^[4] Bromley town centre is in the BR1 postcode district, whereas areas to the west and south like Shortlands, Bromley Common, Hayes and Keston are part of BR2.

History

Bromley is first recorded in a charter of 862 as Bromleag and means 'woodland clearing where broom grows'. It shares this Old English etymology with Great Bromley in Essex, but not with the Bromley in Tower Hamlets.^[5]

The history of Bromley is closely connected with the See of Rochester. In AD 862 Ethelbert, the King of Kent, granted land to form the Manor of Bromley. It was held by the Bishops of Rochester until 1845, when Coles Child, a wealthy local merchant and philanthropist, purchased Bromley Palace (now the hub of the Bromley Civic Centre) and became lord of the manor. The town was an important coaching stop on the way to Hastings from London, and the now defunct Royal Bell Hotel (just off Market Square) is referred to in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice. It was a quiet rural village until the arrival of the railway in 1858 in Shortlands, which led to rapid growth, and outlying suburban districts such as Bickley (which later overflowed into Bromley Common) were developed to accommodate those wishing to live so conveniently close to London.^[6]

Bromley, also known as Bromley St Peter and St Paul, formed an ancient parish in the Bromley and Beckenham hundred and the Sutton-at-Hone lathe of Kent.^[7] In 1840 it became part of the expanded Metropolitan Police District. The parish adopted the Local Government Act 1858 and a local board was formed in 1867. The board was reconstituted as Bromley Urban District Council in 1894 and the parish became Bromley Urban District. It formed part of the London Traffic Area from 1924 and the London Passenger Transport Area from 1933.^[8] In 1934, as part of a county review order, the borough was expanded by taking in 1,894 acres (7.66 km²) from the disbanded Bromley Rural District; an area including parts of the parishes of Farnborough, Hayes, Keston and West Wickham. Bromley became part of the newly created Greater London in 1965, in the new London Borough of Bromley.

Governance

Bromley forms part of the Bromley and Chislehurst Parliament constituency and the London European Parliament constituency. The current MP is Bob Neill. Gareth Bacon is the London Assembly member for the Bexley and Bromley constituency, in which the town is located.

Bromley's most prominent MP was the former Conservative Prime Minister Harold Macmillan.

Geography

Bromley is located 9.3 miles (15 km) south east of Charing Cross and is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan.^[4] Bromley is a post town in the BR postcode area, consisting of BR1 and part of the BR2 postcode district.^[9] BR1 covers Bromley, Bickley, Sundridge Park and part of Downham; and the BR2 portion covers Hayes, Shortlands, Bickley and Bromley Common.^[10]

Other nearby areas:

Climate

Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb". (Marine West Coast Climate/Oceanic climate).^[11]

Economy

Bromley is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan.^[12]

The town has a large retail area, including a pedestrianised High Street and The Glades centre, the main shopping mall. The shopping area includes retailers such as Gap, Oasis, Russell & Bromley and Waterstone's, whilst the restaurants includes a branch of the small chain of Belgian-themed Belgo restaurants.

Transport

Bromley North Railway Station

Rail

Bromley is served by two rail stations:

Bromley South station with services to London Victoria non stop, London Victoria via Herne Hill, West Hampstead Thameslink via Catford, Orpington, Sevenoaks via Swanley, Ramsgate via Chatham, Dover Priory via Chatham and Canterbury West via Maidstone East and Ashford International.

Bromley North station with services to Grove Park.

Buses

Bromley is served by many bus services, all provided by Transport for London. Bromley is served by several Transport for London routes:

61 – Chislehurst to Bromley North via Orprington, Locksbottom and Bromley Common;

119 – Purley Way to Bromley North via South Croydon, East Croydon, Shirley, West Wickham and Hayes;

126 – Eltham to Bromley South via Mottingham and Grove Park;

138 – Coney Hall to Bromley North via Hayes;

146 – Downe to Bromley North via Keston and Old Hayes;

162 – Beckenham Junction to Eltham via Bromley, Chiselhurst, Fiveways;

208 – Lewisham Station to Orpington via Downham, Bromley and Petts Wood;

227 – Crystal Palace to Bromley North via Penge and Beckenham;

246 - Westerham to Bromley North via Biggin Hill, Keston, Coney Hall and Hayes;

261 - Locksbottom to Lewisham Station via Bromley Common, Bromley, Grove Park and Lee;

314 – New Addington to Eltham Station via Addington Village, Hayes, Bromley, Sundridge Park, Elmstead Woods and Fiveways;

320 – Biggin Hill Valley to Catford Bridge via Keston Mark, Bromley and Downham;

336 – Catford Bridge to Locksbottom via Downham, Bromley, Turpington Lane estate and Bromley Common;

352 – Lower Sydenham to Bromley North via Beckenham, West Wickham and Hayesford Park;

354 – Penge to Bromley North via Beckenham and Ravensbourne;

358 – Orpington Sation to Crystal Palace via Farnbourough, Locksbottom, Bromley, Shortlands, Beckenham and Penge;

367 – West Croydon to Bromley North via Shirley, Elmers End and Shortlands;

638 (school journeys) - Kemnal Technology College to Coney Hall via Chiselhurst, Mottingham, Grove Park, Bromley and Hayes;

N3 (night journeys) - Trafalgar Square to Bromley North via Kennington, Brixton, Herne Hill, Crystal Palace, Penge and Beckenham;

N199 (night journeys) - Trafalgar Square to St Mary Cray via London Bridge, Bermondsy, Surrey Quays, Deptford, Greenwich, Lewisham, Downham, Bromley, Petts Wood and Orpington;

Culture

Bromley has a number of theatres, the most notable being the Churchill Theatre in the town centre and the Bromley Little Theatre close to Bromley North railway station. The Churchill Theatre was opened on 19 July 1977 by HRH Prince of Wales, and seats 785. It is run on a contract currently held by the Ambassador Theatre Group acting as both a receiving and producing house, with productions transferring to the West End or touring nationally. An example being recent tours of The Rocky Horror Picture Show.
Bromley also has a central library in the same building as the Churchill Theatre with a large book stock, Internet and wifi access, reference library and local studies department. It functions as the central library of the broader Bromley Borough Libraries Service. Empire Cinemas own a four-screen site in Bromley, with screen 1 being its biggest with a capacity of 392. Screens 2 and 3 have disabled access.

Bromley has its own team of Morris dancers, The Ravensbourne Morris Men founded in 1947 as a post war revival team following an inaugural meeting at the then Jean's Café, which was located opposite Bromley South Station.^[13]

Popular culture

In the famous Monty Python Spam sketch Bromley was stated to be the location of the fictional Green Midget Café, where every item on the menu was composed of spam in varying degrees. In another Monty Python sketch it was stated that all seven continents are visible from the top of the Kentish Times building in Bromley.

The Mall in Bromley appeared on the cover of the 1982 album Sounds Like Bromley by Bromley born Billy Jenkins. The picture is of the rear of the then Bromley Toy Fayre, Bramber Womenswear and car park above a supermarket.

Sport and leisure

The town has four Non-League football clubs. Two teams play their home games at the Hayes Lane Stadium: Bromley F.C. and Cray Wanderers F.C.. The other teams, Holmesdale F.C. and Greenwich Borough F.C., play at Oakley Road. Bromley F.C. are in the Conference National, one level below the Football League.^{[citation needed]}

Four rugby clubs in Bromley are, Old Elthamians a National League 2 side, Parkhouse FC, Bromley RFC and Beckenham RFC. Beccehamians RFC is a club that was founded in 1933 which plays competitive rugby at Sparrows Den at the bottom of Corkscrew Hill in nearby West Wickham.^[14]

Education

Bromley has numerous schools, and is home to Bromley College of Further & Higher Education.
There are two specialist Media Arts Schools, Hayes School and The Ravensbourne School. Bishop Justus School is a specialist Music College. It also has the Ravens Wood and Darrick Wood Schools. There are many independent schools within the London Borough of Bromley, including Eltham College (in the nearby area of Mottingham - within the borough of Bromley and near the London Borough of Lewisham) and Bromley High (situated in the nearby, affluent area of Bickley- also within the borough of Bromley). Bromley has also opened up to a recent new secondary school called Bishop Justus, a music specialist school and college.

Landmarks

St Peter and St Paul

St Mark

The parish church of St Peter and St Paul stands on Church Road. It was largely destroyed by German bombing on 16 April 1941 and rebuilt in the 1950s incorporating the medieval tower and reusing much of the flint and fragments of the original stone building.^[15] The most noteworthy historic building is Bromley College, London Road. The central public open spaces are; Queen's Gardens, Martin's Hill, Church House Gardens, Library Gardens and College Green.

Another parish church in Bromley worth noting is St Mark's, which stands in Westmoreland Road. The present church is the third. The first was built as a temporary iron church in 1884 to cope with Bromley's growing population, on land slightly to the east of the present church, donated by a local man called Eley Soames. The road name St Mark's Road preserves the rough location of the former site.^[16] The East Street drill hall was completed in 1872.^[17]

The second church was built in brick and stone on the present site, and designed by Evelyn Hellicar, son of the then vicar of St Peter and St Paul's. It was completed in 1898 in the Perpendicular Gothic style and consecrated by William Walsh, Bishop of Dover, on 22 October that year. The tower, though, was not completed until 1904. Like St Peter and St Paul's, St Mark's was heavily damaged in the London Blitz of 1941. Only the tower survived intact.^[16]

On 3 June 1952, the Duchess of Kent laid the foundation stone of the present church, which was designed by T W G Grant and built by David Nye. Besides the tower, other parts of the fabric of the original church were used in the rebuilding. Inside there are some interesting monuments: to Samuel Ajayi Crowther, John Cole Patteson and Vedanayagam Samuel Azariah, who were all bishops in the Commonwealth.^[16]

Notable residents - past and present

This article's list of residents may not follow Wikipedia's verifiability or notability policies. Please improve this article by removing names that do not have independent reliable sources showing they are notable AND residents, or by incorporating the relevant publications into the body of the article through appropriate citations. (April 2011)

H. G. Wells

H. G. Wells, "one of the remarkable minds of the twentieth century," was born in Bromley on 21 September 1866, to Sarah and Joseph Wells; his father was the founder of the Bromley Cricket Club and the proprietor of a shop that sold cricket equipment.^[18] Wells spent the first thirteen years of his life in Bromley. From 1874 to 1879 he attended Tomas Morley's Bromley Academy, at 74 High Street.^[19] There was an 'H. G. Wells Centre' in Masons Hill near the southern end of the High Street which housed the Bromley Labour Club (the building was demolished in 2017). In August 2005, the wall honouring Wells in Market Square was repainted. The current wall painting features a rich green background with the same Wells reference and the evolution sequence of Homo sapiens featured in Origin of Species by Charles Darwin, a former resident of nearby Downe Village.^[20]

Wells wrote about Bromley in an early unsigned article in the Pall Mall Gazette in which he expressed satisfaction that he had been born in an earlier, more rural Bromley.^[21] A blue plaque marks Wells' birthplace in Market Square, on the wall of what is now a Primark store.^[22] A marble plaque appears above the door of 8 South Street, the location of Mrs Knott's Dame school where "Bertie", as he was called as a child, learned to read and write.^[23] H.G. Wells featured Bromley in two of his novels: The War in the Air (which refers to Bromley as Bunhill) and The New Machiavelli (in which Bromley is referred to as Bromstead).

Other residents

Owen Chadwick was born in Bromley in 1916. He was awarded the Order of Merit, was Vice Chancellor of University of Cambridge, Master of Selwyn Cambridge, Regius Professor of Modern History, Dixie Professor of Ecclesiastical History, Chancellor of University of Anglia, President of the British Academy, and was a Rugby Union International.

Other world-famous authors who hail from Bromley include Captain W.E. Johns (author of the Biggles adventures), David Nobbs (author of The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin and writer for Les Dawson and The Two Ronnies), and Enid Blyton who wrote influential children's fiction such as the Secret Seven and Famous Five stories. A blue historical plaque can be found on the external wall of her former home on Shortlands Road, Bromley.

Other famous people who lived in Bromley include David Bowie, Charles Darwin, Peter Howitt, Richmal Crompton, Pixie Lott, Matt Terry, Christopher Tennant, Peter Frampton, Aleister Crowley, Siouxsie Sioux, Gary Rhodes, Pete Sears, Poly Styrene, singer Billy Idol, Trevor Goddard, actor Billy Jenkins, Alex Clare, cricketer Jill Cruwys,^[24] the anarchist Peter Kropotkin,^[25] the former Clash drummer Topper Headon, illustrator Charles Keeping, Formula 1 test driver Gary Paffett, children's writer Andrew Murray, tenor Roland Cunningham, actor Michael York who attended Bromley Grammar School for Boys,^[26] clarinetist Chris Craker, Don Perrin, Canadian author who attended Burnt Ash School in Bromley, and Sir Thomas James Harper, an officer decorated in the Crimean War.

In the 20th century, the Parish Church of St Peter and St Paul produced, in quick succession, three Church of England Bishops: Henry David Halsey – Bishop of Carlisle, Philip Goodrich – Bishop of Worcester, David Bartleet – Bishop of Tonbridge. Sculptor Nicholas Cornwell and Maisy James the Big Brother 12 housemate. Some time before 1881 the engineer and industrialist Richard Porter moved to Beckenham where he remained until his death in 1913. Hanif Kureishi, the writer and filmmaker was born here, and spent a significant part of his youth, here. His first novel The Buddha of Suburbia was loosely based on his life here and the people he lived and met here.

Comedian Frankie Boyle claims to be a former resident and has described Bromley as a 'lobotomy made out of bricks'.^[27] The comedian Chris Addison^[28] currently lives in Bromley.

West Ham United F.C. midfielder Gary O'Neil, former Everton FC midfielder Tim Cahill, and former Blackburn Rovers striker Jason Roberts lived in Bromley. English darts player Les Capewell was born in Bromley.

Scottish education secretary Michael Russell MSP was born and spent the early years of his life in Bromley.

See also

• Bromley Civic Society

References

Further reading

• 
  James Thorne (1876), "Bromley", Handbook to the Environs of London, London: John Murray
  

External links

Media related to Bromley (town) at Wikimedia Commons