Former Yan



























































Former Yan (前燕)



337–370

Former Yan in 338 AD
Former Yan in 338 AD


Former Yan in 350 AD
Former Yan in 350 AD

Capital Jicheng (棘城) (337-341)
Longcheng (341-350)
Jicheng (薊城) (350-357)
Yecheng (357-370)
Government Monarchy
Emperor  
• 337-348
Murong Huang
• 348-360
Murong Jun
• 360-370
Murong Wei

History  
• Murong Huang's claim of princely title
23 November 337[1][2] 337
• Murong Jun's claim of imperial title
4 January 353[3][4]
• Fall of Yecheng
11 December 370[5][6]
• Disestablished
370












Preceded by

Succeeded by











Jin Dynasty (265-420)

Ran Wei






Former Qin



The Former Yan (Chinese: 前燕; pinyin: Qiányàn; 337-370) was a state of Xianbei ethnicity during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China.


Initially, Murong Huang and his son Murong Jun claimed the Jin Dynasty (265-420)-created title "Prince of Yan," but subsequently, in 352, after seizing most of the former Later Zhao territory, Murong Jun would declare himself emperor, and after that point, the rulers of the Former Yan declared themselves "emperors".




Contents






  • 1 History


  • 2 Rulers of the Former Yan


  • 3 See also


  • 4 Notes and references





History


During the winter of 342, the Xianbei of Former Yan, ruled by the Murong clan, attacked and destroyed Goguryeo's capital, Hwando, capturing 50,000 Goguryeo men and women to use as slave labor in addition to taking the queen mother and queen prisoner,[7] and forced King Gogukwon to flee for a while. The Xianbei also devastated Buyeo in 346, accelerating Buyeo migration to the Korean peninsula.[8]


Their capital was Yan (Beijing) in 350, then Yecheng in 357, and finally Luoyang in 364.[9]



Rulers of the Former Yan


































Temple names

Posthumous names

Family names and given name
Durations of reigns

Era names and their according durations

Chinese convention: use family and given names
Taizu (太祖 Taìzǔ)
Wenming (文明 Wénmíng)

慕容皝 Mùróng Huǎng
337-348
Yanwang (燕王 Yànwáng) 337-348

Liezong (烈宗 Lièzōng)
Jingzhao (景昭 Jǐngzhāo)

慕容儁 Mùróng Jùn
348-360
Yanwang (燕王 Yànwáng) 348-353
Yuanxi (元璽 Yuánxǐ) 353-357
Guangshou (光壽 Guāngshoù) 357-360

Did not exist
You (幽 Yōu)

慕容暐 Mùróng Wěi
360-370
Jianxi (建熙 Jiànxī) 360-370



See also



  • Xianbei

  • List of past Chinese ethnic groups

  • Wu Hu



Notes and references




  1. ^ "兩千年中西曆轉換". Sinica.edu.tw. Retrieved 2011-08-03..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 95.


  3. ^ "兩千年中西曆轉換". Sinica.edu.tw. Retrieved 2011-08-03.


  4. ^ Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 99.


  5. ^ "兩千年中西曆轉換". Sinica.edu.tw. Retrieved 2011-08-03.


  6. ^ Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 102.


  7. ^ Chinul (1991). Buswell, Robert E., ed. Tracing Back the Radiance: Chinul's Korean Way of Zen. Translated by Robert E. Buswell (abridged ed.). University of Hawaii Press. p. 4. ISBN 0824814274. Retrieved 22 April 2014.


  8. ^ Tennant, Charles Roger. A History of Korea. Routledge. p. 22. ISBN 9780710305329. Retrieved 10 October 2016. Soon after, the Wei fell to the Jin and Koguryŏ grew stronger, until in 313 they finally succeeded in occupying Lelang and bringing to an end the 400 years of China's presence in the peninsula, a period sufficient to ensure that for the next 1,500 it would remain firmly within the sphere of its culture. After the fall of the Jin in 316, the proto-Mongol Xianbei occupied the North of China, of which the Murong clan took the Shandong area, moved up to the Liao, and in 341 sacked and burned the Koguryŏ capital at Hwando. They took away some thousands of prisoners to provide cheap labour to build more walls of their own, and in 346 went on to wreak even greater destruction on Puyŏ, hastening what seems to have been a continuing migration of its people into the north-eastern area of the peninsula, but Koguryŏ, though temporarily weakened, would soon rebuild its walls and continue to expand.


  9. ^ Grousset, Rene (1970). The Empire of the Steppes. Rutgers University Press. p. 58. ISBN 0-8135-1304-9.









Popular posts from this blog

Italian cuisine

Bulgarian cuisine

Carrot