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Metro Manila Film Festival; Gabi ng Parangal
	; 2018 Metro Manila Film Festival;
Awarded for	Excellence in cinematic achievements
Location	Metro Manila
Country	Philippines
Presented by	; Metropolitan Manila Development Authority ; Manila Broadcasting Company;
First awarded	December 1975
Website	; http://mmda.gov.ph/mmff/ ;
	; ; ← 43rd ed.; ; ; 44th ed.; ; ; 45th ed. →; ; ;

Metro Manila Film Festival
Location	Metro Manila; (Official); Philippines-wide; (Informally)
Predecessor	; Manila Film Festival; (1966−1975)
Founded	1975
Awards	Gabi ng Parangal; (lit. Awards Night)
; No. of films	8 (per edition)
Language	Primarily Filipino;
Website	mmff.com.ph

The Metro Manila Film Festival (MMFF) is an annual film festival held in Metro Manila, the Philippines. The festival, which runs from December 25 (Christmas) through New Years Day and into first weekend of January in the following year, focuses on Filipino films. During the course of the festival, only films approved by the jurors of the MMFF are shown in movie theaters. No foreign movies are shown except in 3D theaters and IMAX theaters. It is one of the two Filipino major film festivals to exclude foreign films in a week-long period, the other being the Pista ng Pelikulang Pilipino happening during August.

The annual event began with the 1975 Metro Manila Film Festival, during which Diligin Mo ng Hamog ang Uhaw na Lupa ("Water the Thirsty Earth with Dew") by Augusto Buenaventura won the best film award.^[1]

One of the festival highlights is the parade of floats at the opening of the festival. The floats, each one representing a movie entry with their respective stars, parade down usually Roxas Boulevard, as was the case in many of the previous awards, but beginning in 2017 the float parade is now usually hosted by each of the 17 local governments of the capital region. On the awards night, a Best Float award is also announced along with the major acting awards.

History

Mayor of Manila Antonio Villegas in 1970, founder of the "Manila Film Festival".

The logo of Metro Manila Film Festival from 2010-2016

A precursor the current festival began in 1966. Then-mayor of Manila Antonio Villegas inaugurated the "Manila Film Festival" ("Manila Tagalog Film Festival").^[2] It was set up in order to get Philippine films screened in "first-run" theaters which at that time only screened American films.^[3] It was a 12-day event from June 14 through June 24, Manila's birthday, during which only locally produced films could be shown in the theatres. The festival featured a parade in downtown Manila of actors and the featured films. In addition, in an effort to promote Philippine films, Antonio Villegas banned the showing of foreign films at movie houses during the Manila Film Festival.^[4] Most of the first batch of the festival films came up with English titles.^[5] Despite the lack of support, there were different changes in making the festival flourish.^[6]

The Best films of Manila Film Festival included "Daigdig ng mga Api' (1966), "Dahil sa Isang Bulaklak" (1967), "Manila, Open City" (1968), "Patria Adorada" (1969), "Dimasalang" (1970), "Cadena de Amor" (1971), "Elias, Basilio at Sisa" (1972), "Nueva Vizaya" (1973), "Alaala mo Daigdig Ko" (1974). Starting in 1975, Manila Film Festival was discontinued as Metro Manila Film Festival took over.

In 1973, the Manila Film Festival was discontinued as Martial Law was imposed in September the year before. On September 21, 1975, during the Marcos dictatorship, the filmfest was expanded to include all the other cities and towns in the newly formed Metro Manila and began under the name "1975 Metropolitan Film Festival" (MFF). In 1977, name was changed to "Metro Manila Film Festival".

After Villegas' death in 1984, a special award in the Metro Manila Film Festival, the Gatpuno Antonio J. Villegas Cultural Award, was created in his honor and is given to the best film that best portrays Philippine culture and Filipino people to the world.^[7] MRN Film International's Andrea, Paano Ba ang Maging Isang Ina? was the first one to receive the lifetime achievement award in 1990.^[8] Since then, it has been awarding prestigious films that deserves the honors.

In 2010, the film festival underwent some changes. First, the commercial viability criterion (box-office performance of the entries) was removed. As of 2010, the criteria for the selection of Best Picture(s) are: artistry; creativity and technical excellence; innovation; and thematic value. Entries are also judged for global appeal (70 percent) and Filipino cultural and/or historical value (30 percent). In addition, the festival format gave a tribute to independent "indie" films. Lastly, the established board of jurors was expanded to include housewives, drivers, students, teachers, etc. The festival logo was changed to feature a map of the Metropolis of Manila, based on the old seal of the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority with seventeen stars on it symbolizing the 17 cities and municipality of Metro Manila. The logo for the first 35 festivals featured a torch.^[9]

In September 2011, Atty. Francis Tolentino, then-chairman of the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) changed the category name of "indie" films to "New Wave" films to make it sound better and more attractive to hear, as well as including "Student Short Film Category" for the first time.^[10] Consequently, the next year, the 38th Metro Manila Film Festival held in 2012 became the highest earning MMFF to date with 767 million pesos, 21% higher than that of 2011.^[11]

In January 2013 Interaksyon.com review, writer Jessica Zafra complained, "Speaking of standards, why do we bother to review the festival entries when most of them are rubbish? Because they're not supposed to be rubbish! Contrary to what you’ve been led to believe, 'entertainment' and 'commercial appeal' are not synonyms for 'garbage'. There are good commercial movies, and there are bad commercial movies. The bad outnumber the good because the studios think the viewers are idiots."^[12]

Notable incidents

There have been numerous notable incidents during the various festivals.^[13]^[14]

In 1977, director Lino Brocka walked out of the awarding ceremonies at the Metropolitan Theater when Celso Ad. Castillo's Burlesk Queen starring Vilma Santos won eight of the ten awards including the Best Picture award during the 3rd Metro Manila Film Festival. Mr. Brocka reportedly threw invectives at Rolando Tinio, who was the chairman of the panel of judges of the festival.

In 1978, the board of jurors decided to not award honors for Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress on the 4th Metro Manila Film Festival. Instead, the jurors gave Nora Aunor a "Best Performer" award for her role in the movie Atsay. Aunor beat Vilma Santos, whom fortune-tellers on the talk show of Inday Badiday and many moviegoers predicted would win the award for her role in the movie Rubia Servios. When Nora accepted her award, she cried "Mama, mali ang hula nila" ("Mama, their prediction is wrong") apparently because fortune-tellers incorrectly predicted the outcome.

In 1983, during the awards night of the 9th Metro Manila Film Festival, many were surprised after Coney Reyes won the Best Actress award for the movie Bago Kumalat ang Dugo and Anthony Alonzo is given the Best Actor award for the same movie, besting acting greats Charito Solis, Phillip Salvador, and Vic Silayan, who were all in the movie Karnal. In addition, juror's standards of giving Willie Milan the Best Director award against Lino Brocka is questioned.

In 1986, for the first time, the 12th Metro Manila Film Festival did not give out the traditional first and second Best Picture awards as well as the other two categories: Best Story and Best Screenplay. According to one of the jurors, Tingting Cojuangco stated: "No one of the seven entries deserved these awards..." He added that they: "...would like to express [their] concern over the current state of the Philippine movie industry as reflected in the entries to the year's MMFF...[The entries] failed to reinforce and inculcate positive Filipino values by portraying negative stereotypes, imitating foreign films and perpetuating commercially-oriented movies...".^[15]

In 1988 during the award-giving ceremony of the 14th Metro Manila Film Festival, stuntman and character actor-turned-filmmaker Baldo Marro won the Best Actor for Patrolman film, which also won him the Best Director award. In fact, he was not known before this. He bested prizewinning director Chito Roño of Itanong Mo Sa Buwan in the division, sending uproar from well-meaning critics and regular local film observers. Nevertheless, the announced Best Director award goes to Laurice Guillen.^[16]

In 1993, during the "Gabi ng Parangal" of the 1993 Metro Manila Film Festival, the list of winners was supposedly leaked.^[17]

In 1994, during the "Gabi ng Parangal" of 20th Metro Manila Film Festival held in PICC, the six major awards (Three Best Pictures, Gatpuno Antonio J. Villegas Cultural Awards, Best Director, and Best Screenplay) were not given as Alejandro Roces, chairman of the Board of Jurors announced that "none of the entries was deserving".^[18] On the side note, the Manila Film Fest (MFF) had a similar, but different case in which both the Best Actress and Best Actor awards were given to Ruffa Gutierrez and Gabby Concepcion respectively instead of the supposed-to-be winners.^[19]^[20]

In 2001, on December 27 of the 27th Metro Manila Film Festival, Cesar Montano, although he received the Best Actor award, expressed his disappointment that his film, Bagong Buwan did not receive the Best Picture award. He states: "For me, Bagong Buwan is still the best picture. No offense meant, but for others, Yamashita may be the best picture. Kanya-kanya 'yan. Wala nga lang kaming trophy. Bibili na lang kami ng trophy sa Recto. (To each his own. We just don't have a trophy. We'll just buy one in Recto)." referring to a strip on C.M. Recto Avenue in Manila notorious for manufacturing fake diplomas, certificates and trophies.^[18]

In 2002, first, the cast of the film Dekada '70 walked out of the award ceremonies after Lualhati Bautista failed to win the Best Story and Best Screenplay awards. Even more controversial was the decision of the judges to name the first-timer Ara Mina the Best Actress for her role in Mano Po, beating multi-awarded Vilma Santos, who was in Dekada '70. In addition, the producers of the films Spirit Warriors: The Shortcut and Lastikman protested the non-inclusion of the two films as official entries, prompting the Metro Manila Film Festival committee to extend the annual event. Consequently, the committee extended the film screenings to seven days to accommodate two more films which did not make it to the entries.

Speaking of the films, Chito Rono, director of Second Best Picture Dekada '70, was curious as to why was Spirit Warriors: The Shortcut named the Third Best Picture award if the officials disqualify it as an official entry. In the same way, the production team of Ang Agimat: Antin-Anting ni Lolo was also appalled to the decision of the jurors to give the Best Visual Effects award to Spirit Warriors: The Shortcut if they only use "mono", beating their use of the more advanced "Dolby Digital system".^[21]

In 2005, director Joel Lamangan walked out after he lost to Jose Javier Reyes. Lamangan failed to win the Best Director for Blue Moon against Reyes' Kutob. In the same year, Regal Films's matriarch Lily Monteverde voiced out her disappointment as she lamented that some winners in the festival were "undeserving".

In 2006, Octoarts Films and M-Zet Production's Enteng Kabisote 3: Okay Ka, Fairy Ko: The Legend Goes On and On and On was declared the Best Picture after festival organizers changed the criteria for the award by giving more weight to "commercial appeal". As it was the only prize that the film won, the decision to let the film receive it becomes the subject of yet another controversy at the festival. Movie producer Star Cinema made a protest to the MMDA and wrote to then MMFF chairman Bayani Fernando, claiming that the movie Kasal, Kasali, Kasalo should have won Best Picture because it topped the box office for the first few days.

In 2007, the awards night ended in less than an hour after festival organizers decided to just announce the winners without even mentioning the nominees for each category. The organizers explained that it had to be rushed and had to end at exactly 9pm because a concert, featuring singer Lani Misalucha, was scheduled right after the awards ceremonies.

In 2011, Amable "Tikoy" Aguiluz declined to accept the award for Best Director for the movie Manila Kingpin after he claimed that the movie "was edited without his consent beyond his recognition."

In 2014, Rina Navarro, one of the producers of Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo questioned the result of the panel's judgement in the awards night. The movie won the most coveted Best Picture award but it failed to win the other major categories such as the Best Director award, the Best Actor and Best Actress awards, the Best Screenplay award, and the Best Original Story award all of which went to Dan Villegas' English Only, Please.

In 2015, a day before the awards night, Erik Matti's Honor Thy Father was disqualified for the Best Picture award after being screened at the Cinema One Originals. Dondon Monteverde, the film's producer, revealed that they did disclose this information beforehand. He attested that its premiere at the Cinema One festival didn't generate revenue which complies by the rules. He also questioned the timing of this decision, one day before the awards ceremony, and he demanded an investigation.^[22]

In 2016, the festival gained buzz after the EXECOM {Executive Committee} announced the top 8 entries for the 2016 edition. Different from past years, the movies of the certified box-office drawers Vice Ganda & Coco Martin's The Super Parental Guardians , Vic Sotto's Enteng Kabisote 10 and the Abangers , Regal Entertainment's Mano Po 7: Tsinoy and Vhong Navarro's Mang Kepweng Returns was rejected in that edition. But despite good reviews about the 8 entries, the film festival only grossed ₱373 million, or a ₱667 million drop from 2015 Metro Manila Film Festival's ₱1.040 billion. And the edition of the festival showed only Indie films. The idea of indie-only film was later scrapped and commercial films was allowed again.^[23]

Festivals

Festival	Year	Awards Night
Festival	Year	Venue	City
1st	1975	Metropolitan Theater	Manila
2nd	1976
3rd	1977
4th	1978	Cultural Center of the Philippines
5th	1979	Metropolitan Theater
6th	1980	Metropolitan Theater
7th	1981	Cultural Center of the Philippines
8th	1982
9th	1983
10th	1984	Metropolitan Theater
11th	1985	Rizal Theater	Makati
12th	1986	University of Life Theater and Recreational Arena	Pasig
13th	1987	University of Life Theater and Recreational Arena	Pasig
14th	1988	Philippine International Convention Center	Pasay
15th	1989	University of Life Theater and Recreational Arena	Pasig
16th	1990
17th	1991
18th	1992	Philippine International Convention Center	Pasay
19th	1993
20th	1994
21st	1995	Metropolitan Theater	Manila
22nd	1996
23rd	1997
24th	1998
25th	1999
26th	2000	Philippine International Convention Center	Pasay
27th	2001
28th	2002
29th	2003
30th	2004	Aliw Theater
31st	2005
32nd	2006
33rd	2007	SMX Convention Center
34th	2008	Sofitel Philippine Plaza
35th	2009	SMX Convention Center
36th	2010	Meralco Theater	Pasig
37th	2011	Newport Performing Arts Theater	Pasay
38th	2012	Meralco Theater	Pasig
39th	2013	Meralco Theater	Pasig
40th	2014	Philippine International Convention Center	Pasay
41st	2015	Kia Theatre	Quezon City
42nd	2016
43rd	2017
44th	2018	The Theater at Solaire	Parañaque

Awards

The Gabi ng Parangal (lit. Awards Night) serves as the awarding ceremony for participating films in the Metro Manila Film Festival.

Merit categories

Festival awards

Best Picture: since 1975

Best Director: since 1975

Best Actor: since 1975

Best Actress: since 1975

Best Supporting Actor: since 1975

Best Supporting Actress: since 1975

Best Child Performer: since 1980 (except 2016)

Best Screenplay: since 1975

Best Original Story: 1975-2016

Best Cinematography: since 1975

Best Production Design: since 1986 (former named as "Best Art Direction" from 1976-1986)

Best Editing: since 1975

Best Visual Effects: 1990-2015

Best Make-up Artist: 1990-2015

Best Original Theme Song : since 1989

Best Musical Score: since 1975

Best Sound Engineering: since 1975 (also known as "Best Sound Recording")

Best Float: since 1992

Most Gender-Sensitive Film: 2003-2013

Special awards

annually awarded

Gatpuno Antonio J. Villegas Cultural Awards: since 1990

Fernando Poe Jr. Memorial Award for Excellence: since 2012

Special Jury Prize: since 2016

not annually awarded

Lifetime Achievement Award: since 2009

Posthumous Award for Film Service and Excellence: since 2009

Other awards

People's Choice Awards

Children's Choice Awards

Star of the Night Awards

Short film categories

Best Short Film: since 2016

Special Jury Prize: since 2016

Best Director: since 2016

Best Screenplay: since 2016

Defunct New Wave categories

Best Full-Length Film: 2010-2015

Best Actress: 2011-2015

Best Actor: 2011-2015

Best Director: 2012-2015

Gender Sensitivity Award: 2011-2015

Special Jury Prize: 2011-2015

Best Student Film: 2011-2015

New Wave Animation Best Picture: 2011-2015

Most wins

This is a list of superlative Metro Manila Film Festival winners. This list is current as of the 2018 Metro Manila Film Festival "Gabi ng Parangal" (awards ceremony) held on December 27, 2018.

The following are fifteen films which have received ten or more awards in different categories.

Film	Record Set	Year	Production company(s)	Notes
José Rizal	17	1998	GMA Films	*won all awards except Best Actress
10,000 Hours	14	2013	Philippine Film Studios, N2 Productions and Viva Films
Magic Temple	14	1996	Star Cinema
Muro-Ami	13	1999	GMA Films
Manila Kingpin: The Asiong Salonga Story	12	2011	Viva Films and Scenema Concept International
Mano Po	12	2002	Regal Films
Rainbow's Sunset	11	2018	Heaven's Best Entertainment
Yamashita: The Tiger's Treasure		2001	MAQ Productions
Muling Umawit ang Puso		1995	Viva Films
Andrea, Paano Ba ang Maging Isang Ina?		1990	MRN Film International
Imortal		1989	Viva Films
Baler	10	2008	Viva Films
Kasal, Kasali, Kasalo		2006	Star Cinema
Nasaan ang Puso		1997	MAQ Productions
Halimaw sa Banga		1986	NCV Productions	*only the third Best Picture is given.^{[clarification needed]}
Kisapmata		1981	Bancom Audiovision

Best Director

Director	Record Set	First year awarded	Recent year awarded
Joel Lamangan	4	1995	2018
Jose Javier Reyes	3	1993	2006
Marilou Diaz-Abaya	3	1980	1999
Erik Matti	2	2015	2016
Mark Meily		2003	2008
Chito Rono		1997	2001
Laurice Guillen		1988	2000
Eddie Garcia		1987	1989
Mario O'Hara		1984	1986
Lino Brocka		1979	1985

Best Actor

Actor	Record Set	First year awarded	Recent year awarded
Christopher de Leon	7	1976	2008
Cesar Montano	3	1998	2006
Anthony Alonzo	3	1983	1987
Derek Ramsay	2	2014	2017
Dingdong Dantes		2011	2012
Dolphy		1990	2010
Eric Quizon		1991	2003
Aga Muhlach		1992	1993

Best Actress

Actress	Record Set	First year awarded	Recent year awarded
Nora Aunor	8	1978	2012
Maricel Soriano	5	1997	2013
Vilma Santos	4	1977	2004
Amy Austria	3	1980	1996
Gloria Romero	2	2000	2018
Jennylyn Mercado	2	2014	2015

Best Supporting Actor

Supporting Actor	Record Set	First year awarded	Recent year awarded
Pen Medina	2	1999	2013
Cesar Montano		1989	2012
Phillip Salvador		2008	2009
Johnny Delgado		1979	2006
Ronaldo Valdez		1993	1997
Dick Israel		1988	1994

Best Supporting Actress

Supporting Actress	Record Set	First year awarded	Recent year awarded
Eugene Domingo	3	2007	2011
Cherie Gil	3	1985	2000
Nida Blanca	2	1975	1997

Most combined awards for Best Actor, Best Supporting Actor, and Best Director.

Name	Record Set	Categories won
Cesar Montano	6	3 Best Actor, 2 Best Supporting Actor, 1 Best Director
Eddie Garcia	3	2 Best Director, 1 Best Actor
Mario O'Hara		2 Best Director, 1 Best Actor
Johnny Delgado		2 Best Supporting Actor, 1 Best Actor
Dolphy		2 Best Actor, 1 Best Supporting Actor
Vic Silayan	2	1 Best Actor, 1 Best Supporting Actor

Most combined awards for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress.

Name	Record Set	Categories won
Amy Austria	4	3 Best Actress, 1 Best Supporting Actress
Charito Solis	2	1 Best Actress, 1 Best Supporting Actress
Gina Alajar		1 Best Actress, 1 Best Supporting Actress
Hilda Koronel		1 Best Actress, 1 Best Supporting Actress

Top 30 highest grossing entries

The table shows the top 30 highest-grossing filipino film entries in the Metro Manila Film Festival.

Rank	Year	Title	Production Company	Box office
1.	2017	Gandarrapiddo: The Revenger Squad	Star Cinema & Viva Films	₱571 million^[24]
2.	2015	Beauty and the Bestie	Star Cinema & Viva Films	₱529 million^[25]
3.	2014	The Amazing Praybeyt Benjamin	Star Cinema & Viva Films	₱455 million^[26]
4.	2013	Girl, Boy, Bakla, Tomboy	Star Cinema & Viva Films	₱421 million^[27]
5.	2013	My Little Bossings	OctoArts Films , M-Zet Productions, APT Entertainment & Kris Aquino Productions	₱401 million
6.	2012	Sisterakas	Star Cinema & Viva Films	₱393 million^[28]
7.	2015	My Bebe Love: KiligPaMore	OctoArts Films, M-Zet Productions, APT Entertainment, GMA Films & MEDA Productions	₱385 million^[29]
8.	2011	Enteng Ng Ina Mo	Star Cinema, OctoArts Films, M-Zet Productions & APT Entertainment	₱272 million
9.	2014	Feng Shui 2	Star Cinema & K Productions	₱244 million^[26]
10.	2008	Ang Tanging Ina N'yong Lahat	Star Cinema	₱229 million
11.	2012	One More Try	Star Cinema	₱213 million
12.	2010	Ang Tanging Ina Mo (Last na 'To!)	Star Cinema	₱210 million
13.	2017	Ang Panday	CCM Film Productions, Star Cinema & Viva Films	₱204 million^[30]
14.	2013	Pagpag: Siyam na Buhay	Regal Entertainment & Star Cinema	₱188 million^[31]
15.	2006	Kasal, Kasali, Kasalo	Star Cinema	₱187 million
16.	2010	Si Agimat at Si Enteng Kabisote	OctoArts Films, M-Zet Productions, APT Entertainment, GMA Films & Imus Productions	₱170.5 million
17.	2005	Enteng Kabisote 2: Okay Ka Fairy Ko: The Legend Continues	OctoArts Films & M-Zet Productions	₱158 million
18-19.	2007	Sakal, Sakali, Saklolo	Star Cinema	₱152 million
18-19.	2012	Si Agimat, si Enteng Kabisote at si Ako	OctoArts Films, M-Zet Productions, APT Entertainment, GMA Films & Imus Productions	₱152 million
20.	2014	My Big Bossing	OctoArts Films, M-Zet Productions & APT Entertainment	₱145 million
21.	2006	Enteng Kabisote 3: Okay Ka, Fairy Ko: The Legend Goes On and On and On	OctoArts Films & M-Zet Productions	₱144 million
22.	2011	Segunda Mano	Star Cinema, AgostoDos Pictures & MJM Productions	₱138.7 million
23.	2014	English Only, Please	Quantum Films, MJM Productions, Buchi Boy Films & Tuko Film Productions	₱135 million
24.	2004	Enteng Kabisote: Okay ka, Fairy Ko: The Legend	OctoArts Films & M-Zet Productions	₱130 million
25.	2015	Haunted Mansion (2015 film)	Regal Entertainment	₱128 million
26-27.	2010	Dalaw	Star Cinema, Cinemedia & MJM Productions	₱125 million
26-27.	1998	José Rizal (film)	GMA Films	₱125 million
28.	2016	Vince and Kath and James	Star Cinema	₱123 million
29-30.	2009	I Love You, Goodbye (film)	Star Cinema	₱120 million^[31]
29-30.	2016	Die Beautiful	OctoberTrain Films, The IdeaFirst Company & Regal Entertainment	₱120 million

Note: All figures are in Philippine Peso.

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^ http://www.pds.com.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Disclosure-No.-554-2015-Annual-Report-for-Fiscal-Year-Ended-December-31-2014-SEC-FORM-17-A.pdf

^ "Sisterakas is PH's highest grossing local film". Archived from the original on January 10, 2013. Retrieved January 5, 2012.

^ Calderon, Nora (February 21, 2016). "John Lloyd, Bea, Vice, Coco, Vic, Ai-Ai lead winners at the Box Office Entertainment Awards" (in Taglish). Philippine Entertainment Portal. Ang My Bebe Love #KiligPaMore ang nakakuha ng pangatlong top gross, with P385 million...[My Bebe Love #KiligPaMore gained the third top gross, with P385 million]CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)

^ "MMFF Reveals Box Office Sales Ranking". Philippine Star. Retrieved January 22, 2018.

^ ^a^b "Star Cinema reveals top-grossing MMFF entries from 2009-2013". Philippine Entertainment Portal. Archived from the original on February 17, 2017.

External links

IMDB: Metro Manila Film Festival

Official website of the Metro Manila Film Festival

[1] "Metro Manila Film Festival:1975". IMDB. Retrieved 2014-04-09.

[2] "Subsidize movie industry – Lito Atienza". 2010-02-04. Archived from the original on 2011-11-29. Retrieved 2012-01-10..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}

[3] "2 romances, a horror flick, and a family drama make up the final four MMFF entries". BusinessWorld. 12 October 2018. Retrieved 25 December 2018.

[Antonio_Villegas-4] Villegas, Antonio Jr. YEBA: Young, Executive, Brilliant Administrator. unpublished.

[5] "Film Academy of the Philippines". Retrieved 2012-01-10.

[6] Hawkins, Michael Gary (2008). Co-producing the Postcolonial: U.S.-Philippine Cinematic Relations, 1946--1986.

[Intro-7] "Metro Manila Film Festival". Retrieved 2012-01-10.

[IMDbMFF1990-8] "Metro Manila Film Festival: Awards for 1990". Internet Movie Database.

[9] "Changes in 2010 MMFF introduced". Yahoo. Retrieved 2014-04-09.

[10] "‘Indie’ out, ‘New Wave’ in". Tempo. Retrieved 2014-04-09.

[11] Marfori, MJ. "38th MMFF posts record P767-M gross, says festival head". InterAksyon. Archived from the original on 12 February 2013. Retrieved 24 March 2013.

[12] Zafra, Jessica (2013-01-02). "Metro Manila Film Festival 2012 Moviethon Day 6: The battle for Dingdong's dingdong". Interaksyon.com. Retrieved 2013-12-12.

[13] "Through the years: Controversies in the MMFF". Business World Online. Retrieved 2014-04-09.

[14] "A look at the past MMFF controversies". ABS-CBN. Retrieved 2014-04-19.

[15] Cojuangco, Tingting. Metro Manila Film Festival Award Ceremonies. ULTRA, Pasig. December 27, 1986.

[16] Philippine Daily Inquirer. "Austria, Marro win top honors in Metro filmfest". December 28, 1988. Newspaper Print.

[17] "A scandal-free Metro Manila Filmfest". Philstar. Retrieved 2014-04-20.

[Newspaper-18] Ranoa-Bismark, Maridol. "Montano, De Rossi, Yamashita top awardees at Metro Filmfest". The Philippine Star. December 29, 2001. Newspaper Print.

[19] "Looking Back: Showbiz scandals that raised public outcry". Pep.ph Retrieved 2014-04-20.

[20] "Filipino Actress Steals The Show". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2014-04-20.

[21] Lo, Ricky. "Filmfest: The night of the young blood". The Philippine Star. December 29, 2002. Newspaper Print.

[22] ttp://www.mb.com.ph/mmff-entry-honor-thy-father-barred-from-best-picture-race/ Retrieved January 2, 2016

[23] ttp://www.mykiru.ph/2016/01/mmff-2015-final-gross-earnings-and.html

[24] "Kita ng 'The Revenger Squad', pumalo ng P571 milyon". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved January 19, 2018.

[25] "ABS-CBN 1Q 2016 Investor's Briefing Presentation Materials" (PDF). ABS-CBN. May 12, 2016. Retrieved June 27, 2016.

[Q1-26] "ABS-CBN 1Q 2016 Investor's Briefing Presentation Materials" (PDF). ABS-CBN. 12 May 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Q1" defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).

[27] ttp://www.pds.com.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Disclosure-No.-554-2015-Annual-Report-for-Fiscal-Year-Ended-December-31-2014-SEC-FORM-17-A.pdf

[Sisterakas_is_PH's_highest_grossing_local_film-28] "Sisterakas is PH's highest grossing local film". Archived from the original on January 10, 2013. Retrieved January 5, 2012.

[box_office-29] Calderon, Nora (February 21, 2016). "John Lloyd, Bea, Vice, Coco, Vic, Ai-Ai lead winners at the Box Office Entertainment Awards" (in Taglish). Philippine Entertainment Portal. Ang My Bebe Love #KiligPaMore ang nakakuha ng pangatlong top gross, with P385 million...[My Bebe Love #KiligPaMore gained the third top gross, with P385 million]CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)

[30] "MMFF Reveals Box Office Sales Ranking". Philippine Star. Retrieved January 22, 2018.

[gross-31] "Star Cinema reveals top-grossing MMFF entries from 2009-2013". Philippine Entertainment Portal. Archived from the original on February 17, 2017.

v t e Visitor attractions in Metro Manila
Historical sites	Coconut Palace Corregidor (Manila Bay) Intramuros Baluarte de San Diego Fort Santiago Plaza de Roma Malacañang Palace Manila Central Post Office Manila Chinese Cemetery Manila City Hall Manila Hotel Plaza Miranda
Religious buildings	EDSA Shrine Golden Mosque Las Piñas Church Manila Cathedral Quiapo Church San Agustin Church San Sebastian Church Seng Guan Temple
Monuments and memorials	Arch of the Centuries Bantayog ng mga Bayani Center Bonifacio Monument Manila American Cemetery People Power Monument Pinaglabanan Shrine Quezon Memorial Shrine Rizal Monument Statue of the Sentinel of Freedom
Integrated resorts	Entertainment City City of Dreams Manila Okada Manila Solaire Resort & Casino Resorts World Manila
Amusement parks	DreamPlay Enchanted Kingdom (Laguna) Kidzania Manila Sky Ranch (Cavite) SM by the Bay Star City
Parks and recreation	Baywalk La Mesa Eco Park Manila Ocean Park Manila Zoo Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center Paco Park Quezon Memorial Circle Rizal Park
Museums and galleries	Ayala Museum Bahay Tsinoy Casa Manila Lopez Museum Metropolitan Museum The Mind Museum Museo Pambata National Museum of Anthropology National Museum of Fine Arts National Museum of Natural History National Planetarium Rizal Shrine
Events and traditions	Aliwan Fiesta Black Nazarene Cinemalaya Film Festival Cinemanila International Film Festival La Naval de Manila Manila International Auto Show Metro Manila Film Festival Philippine Fashion Week World Pyro Olympics
Events venues	Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex Manila Film Center Philippine International Convention Center Tanghalang Francisco Balagtas Tanghalang Pambansa New Frontier Theater Mall of Asia Arena Meralco Theater Metropolitan Theater Smart Araneta Coliseum SMX Convention Center World Trade Center Metro Manila
Shopping	Ayala Center Glorietta Greenbelt Bonifacio High Street Divisoria Greenhills Shopping Center Power Plant Mall Quinta Market Robinsons Place Manila SM Mall of Asia

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