Independence/Democracy































































Independence/Democracy
European parliamentary group

IND-DEM logo.PNG
IND/DEM logo

Name Independence/Democracy
English abbr. IND/DEM[1][2][3][4][5]
French abbr. IND/DEM
Formal name Independence/Democracy Group in the European Parliament[3][4]
Ideology Euroscepticism
European parties EUDemocrats
From 20 July 2004[1]
To 1 July 2009
(de facto).[6][7]
Preceded by Europe of Democracies and Diversities
Succeeded by Europe of Freedom and Democracy
Chaired by
Nigel Farage
Hanne Dahl
MEP(s) 37[8][9] (20–23 July 2004)
28[1] (January 2007)
22[10] (24 June 2008)
18[11] (11 June 2009, de facto)
Website http://indemgroup.org/

Independence/Democracy (IND/DEM) was a Eurosceptic[12][13]political group active during the 2004–2009 term of the European Parliament. The group was the successor to the Europe of Democracies and Diversities (EDD) group.


The group collapsed following the 2009 European elections after losing many of its MEPs and was succeeded by Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD) for the 2009–2014 term of the European Parliament.




Contents






  • 1 History


  • 2 Structure


    • 2.1 Subgroups


    • 2.2 Organisation




  • 3 Membership


    • 3.1 Elected membership by party at 11 June 2009


    • 3.2 Membership by party at 24 July 2008


    • 3.3 Membership by country at December 2007


    • 3.4 Membership at formation at 20–23 July 2004




  • 4 Activities


    • 4.1 In the news


    • 4.2 Parliamentary activity profile


    • 4.3 Publications




  • 5 Academic analysis


  • 6 References


  • 7 External links





History


The 2004 European Parliament elections were reported as a good result for Eurosceptic parties.[14][15] 37 MEPs (33[16] on 20 July, with four[17] more the next day) from the UK Independence Party (UKIP), June Movement (Denmark), Movement for France (France), Northern League (Italy), ChristianUnion – Reformed Political Party (Netherlands), Popular Orthodox Rally (Greece), June List (Sweden), Independent Democrats (Czech Republic), the League of Polish Families (Poland) and an Independent MEP from the Republic of Ireland, joined together in the first week of the new Parliament to form the Eurosceptic group called "Independence/Democracy" (IND/DEM), succeeding the group called "Europe of Democracies and Diversities" (EDD) that had existed during the European Parliament's 1999–2004 term.


In the first week, IND/DEM assigned a UKIP MEP to the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality. The MEP, Godfrey Bloom, promptly made comments including "No self-respecting small businessman with a brain in the right place would ever employ a lady of child-bearing age" and "I am here to represent Yorkshire women who always have dinner on the table when you get home. I am going to promote men's rights." The remarks engendered outrage from a range of fellow politicians.[18]


One UKIP MEP never made it to IND/DEM. MEP Ashley Mote was expelled from UKIP[19] prior to IND/DEM's formation[20] when it became known that he faced charges for housing benefit fraud.[19] Mote went on to join the far-right Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty group before being convicted in 2007.[21]


The Northern League MEPs eventually all left the group after their expulsion from IND/DEM following an incident involving a T-shirt and the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy.[22] MEPs from the League of Polish Families also left the group, although not all and not all at once.[22][23][24]


After having been suspended from UKIP following his arrest on fraud allegations,[25] MEP Tom Wise left IND/DEM in June 2008.


By 24 June 2008, IND/DEM had 22 MEPs.[10]


After the 2009 European Parliament elections, 18[11] IND/DEM MEPs from four Member States were elected for the 2009–2014 term (the Seventh European Parliament). The great majority of these seats (thirteen) were from the UK Independence Party, with others being two from the ChristianUnion – Reformed Political Party of the Netherlands, two from the Popular Orthodox Rally of Greece, and one from Libertas France. But that didn't meet the threshold laid down in the European Parliament's Rules of Procedure.[26][27] So when the Seventh European Parliament started on 14 July 2009, IND/DEM would not qualify as a group.


On 30 June 2009, it was reported the remnants of IND/DEM were to unite with the remnants of another collapsing group, Union for a Europe of Nations (UEN), to create a new group whose official name was not yet determined.[28]


On 1 July 2009 a press conference was held launching the new group.[6][7][29] That press conference named the new group Europe of Freedom and Democracy.[6][7] IND/DEM had ceased to exist.



Structure



Subgroups


IND/DEM was a coalition of MEPs from two distinct wings of Euroscepticism: a reformist subgroup (sometimes referred to as Eurorealists) made up of those MEPs who believed that the EU was essentially desirable if reformed and who supported greater transparency and control over the EU bureaucracy, and a secessionist subgroup consisting of those MEPs (notably UKIP[30]) who believed that the EU was inherently wrong even if reformed and who advocated withdrawal from the EU.[1][31]



Organisation


IND/DEM had a joint political leadership. The group's co-chairs were Nigel Farage[32] (UKIP) and Hanne Dahl,[32] the latter succeeding Kathy Sinnott,[32] who in turn succeeded long-time MEP Jens-Peter Bonde (June Movement) on his retirement in May 2008. Farage represented the secessionist subgroup, and Sinnott the reformist subgroup. The leadership was loose, enabling the two subgroups to unite around the broad principles of democracy and transparency[30] which were embodied in its statute and to which IND/DEM MEPs were expected to adhere.[33] The day-to-day running of the group was performed by its secretariat, and its secretaries-general were Claudine Vangrunderbeeck and Herman Verheirstraeten.[34]



Membership



Elected membership by party at 11 June 2009




IND/DEM percentage of elected MEPs by member state 11 June 2009 (see description for sources).


  no MEPs

  1% to 5%

  5% to 10%

  10% to 20%

  20% to 30%

  30% to 40%

  40% to 50%

  50% plus



After the 2009 European Parliament elections, 18[11] IND/DEM MEPs (too few for a viable group) were elected as follows:




























Member state
 Party
 MEPs
United Kingdom
UK Independence Party
 13[35]
France
Libertas France
 1[36]

Netherlands
ChristenUnie – SGP
 2[37]

Greece
Popular Orthodox Rally
 2[38]


Membership by party at 24 July 2008


IND/DEM member parties as of 24 July 2008 were as follows:







































Member state
 Party
United Kingdom
UK Independence Party

Denmark
June Movement
France
Movement for France

Netherlands
ChristenUnie – SGP

Greece
Popular Orthodox Rally

Sweden
June List

Czech Republic
Independent Democrats

Poland
League of Polish Families


Membership by country at December 2007




IND/DEM percentage of MEPs by member state December 2007 (see description for sources).


  no MEPs

  1% to 5%

  5% to 10%

  10% to 20%

  20% to 30%

  30% to 40%

  40% to 50%

  50% plus



A December 2007 European Parliament document[39] considered the groups. Page 9 of that document had a table. That table gave the number of MEPs for each group and member state at December 2007. That table's data for IND/DEM is depicted as percentages in the diagram on the right.


Such support for IND/DEM as was expressed came from Northern European states, with especial reference to the member states of the North-West. Its strongholds were Sweden and Denmark, who sent "June list" MEPs from June List and June Movement to the Parliament, and the United Kingdom, with 13% of its MEPs at December 2007 coming from UKIP and sitting with IND/DEM. As of December 2007 no member state had more than 13% of its MEPs sitting with IND/DEM and eighteen member states (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain) had none.




Membership at formation at 20–23 July 2004




IND/DEM percentage of elected MEPs by member state 20–23 July 2004 (see description for sources).


  no MEPs

  1% to 5%

  5% to 10%

  10% to 20%

  20% to 30%

  30% to 40%

  40% to 50%

  50% plus



The IND/DEM MEPs at 20–23 July 2004 were as follows:


















































































Member state

MEPs

Party

MEPs

Notes
Ireland
 1[9]
 Independent[9]
 1[9]

  • Kathy Sinnott[40]
United Kingdom
 11[9]
 UKIP[9]
 11[9]


  • Robert Kilroy-Silk[41]

  • Nigel Farage[42]


  • Gerard Batten[43]


  • Godfrey Bloom[44]


  • Graham Booth[45]

  • Derek Roland Clark[46]


  • Roger Knapman[47]

  • Michael Henry Nattrass[48]


  • Jeffrey Titford[49]


  • John Whittaker[50]


  • Tom Wise[51]

Denmark
 1[9]
 JuniBevægelsen[9]
 1[9]

  • Jens-Peter Bonde[52]
France
 3[9]
 Mouvement pour la France[9]
 3[9]

  • Paul-Marie Coûteaux[53]


  • Patrick Louis[54]


  • Philippe de Villiers[55]
Italy
 4[9]
 Lega Nord[9]
 4[9]


  • Mario Borghezio[56] (joined 21 July)[17]


  • Umberto Bossi[57] (joined 21 July[17])


  • Matteo Salvini[58] (joined 21 July[17])

  • Francesco Enrico Speroni[59] (joined 21 July[17])

Netherlands
 2[9]
 ChristenUnie – SGP[9]
 2[9]


  • Johannes Blokland[60]


  • Bastiaan Belder[61]

Greece
 1[9]
 LAOS[9]
 1[9]
  • Georgios Georgiou[62]

Sweden
 3[9]
 Junilistan[9]
 3[9]


  • Hélène Goudin[63]


  • Nils Lundgren[64]


  • Lars Magnus Wohlin[65]

Czech Republic
 1[9]
 Nezavisli[9]
 1[9]

  • Vladimír Železný[66]

Poland
 10[9]
 League of Polish Families[9]
 10[9]


  • Wojciech Wierzejski[67]


  • Urszula Krupa[68]


  • Witold Tomczak[69]


  • Filip Adwent[70]


  • Sylwester Chruszcz[71]


  • Maciej Giertych[72]


  • Dariusz Maciej Grabowski[73]

  • Mirosław Mariusz Piotrowski[74]


  • Bogdan Pęk[75]


  • Bogusław Rogalski[76]


Activities



In the news


Activities performed by IND/DEM in the period between 1 June 2004 and 1 June 2008 that resulted in an entry on Google News include:



  • seeking to allow Parliament to be filmed;[77][78]

  • criticising EC President Barroso for taking a cruise on a yacht owned by Spiro Latsis prior to the Commission giving a Latsis shipyard a grant of €10 million;[79][80]

  • trying to get a European Parliament auditor's report on alleged abuses of staff allowances published;[81][82]

  • opposing the appointment of Rocco Buttiglione as Justice Commissioner;[83][84]

  • arguing against the Constitution Treaty,[85][86][87][88]

  • arguing against the Lisbon Treaty,[89][90][91][92]

  • arguing against a deeper Europe;[93]

  • expelling Lega Nord and the League of Polish Families;[94][95][96]

  • arguing against the two-person Presidency,[97][98]

  • arguing against the two-seat Parliament,[99][100]

  • arguing against attempts to fund plans to improve EP turnout;[101]

  • arguing for greater control of the Commission by Parliament,[102]

  • arguing for decentralisation,[103]

  • arguing for mandatory lobbying disclosure,[104]

  • supporting whistleblower Hans-Peter Martin.[105]



Parliamentary activity profile




Group parliamentary activity profile, 1 August 2004 to 1 August 2008 (see description for sources).

  IND/DEM: 43 motions



The debates and votes in the European Parliament are tracked by its website[106] and categorised by the Groups that participate in them and the rule of procedure that they fall into. The results give a profile for each Group by category and the total indicates the Group's level of participation in Parliamentary debates. The activity profile for each Group for the period 1 August 2004 to 1 August 2008 in the Sixth European Parliament is given on the diagram on the right. IND/DEM is denoted in orange.


The website shows IND/DEM as participating in 43 motions, making it one of the most inactive Groups during the period.



Publications


IND/DEM publications included the Prague Declaration[107] of October 2005, which restated their disapproval of the Constitution Treaty and belief that the values it embodied should not be resurrected,[3] and the Delphi Declaration[108] of July 2007, which made similar points concerning the Treaty of Lisbon.[4] IND/DEM also published a newsletter called EU Watch,[109] which gave a eurosceptic view on the EU activities of the day.[110]



Academic analysis


Main article: Academic studies of the political groups of the European Parliament

Along with the other political groups, IND/DEM was analysed by academics on its positions regarding various issues. Those positions are summarised in this article. That article characterised IND/DEM as right-wing and/or Eurosceptics who cooperated most closely with the Non-Inscrits, were unanimously opposed to hypothetical EU taxes, over 90% male, and against Turkish accession to the European Union.



References





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  3. ^ abc Independence/Democracy Group in the European Parliament: The Prague Declaration on the future of Europe, 18 October 2005


  4. ^ abc Independence/Democracy Group in the European Parliament: The Declaration of Delphi, 2–5 July 2007


  5. ^ "Fourth Annual Report on Developments in the European Union in 2006, DFA, 2007" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 17 June 2010.


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  9. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadae "Results of the 2004 European Parliament elections from Europe Politique". Europe-politique.eu. 17 February 2007. Retrieved 2010-06-17.


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  12. ^ David Phinnemore; Lee McGowan (2013). A Dictionary of the European Union. Routledge. p. 276. ISBN 978-1-135-08127-0. Retrieved 7 August 2013.


  13. ^ Lori Thorlakson (2013). "Federalism and the European party system". In Alexander H. Trechsel. Towards a Federal Europe. Taylor & Francis. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-317-99818-1.


  14. ^ Eurosceptics storm the citadel, BBC News Online report dated Monday, 14 June 2004, 18:01 GMT


  15. ^ Bennhold, Katrin (15 June 2004). "Political divide is said to deepen further: Populist parties make big gains in EU vote, IHT, June 15, 2004". International Herald Tribune. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
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  18. ^ UKIP MEP in row over working women, BBC News Online report dated Wednesday, 21 July 2004, 11:22 GMT


  19. ^ ab UKIP plans alliance to scupper constitution, Times, 20 July 2004[dead link]


  20. ^ UKIP suspends fraud trial Euro MP, BBC News Online report dated Friday, 16 July 2004, 11:47 GMT


  21. ^ British MEP convicted for benefit fraud, Times, 17 August 2007[dead link]


  22. ^ ab Lucia Kubosova (16 March 2006). "Eurosceptics kick out Italian Lega Nord party, EUO, 16 March 2006". Euobserver.com. Retrieved 2010-06-17.


  23. ^ Helena Spongenberg (13 December 2006). "Parliament nations group gets a power boost, EUO, 13 December 2006". Euobserver.com. Retrieved 2010-06-17.


  24. ^ "Polish MEPs splinter, PM, 19 December 2005". Theparliament.com. 19 December 2005. Archived from the original on 15 June 2009. Retrieved 17 June 2010.


  25. ^ MEP arrested on fraud allegation, BBC News Online report dated Saturday, 21 June 2008, 13:21 GMT


  26. ^ "Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament - July 2009 - Rule 30 - Formation of political groups". Retrieved 8 May 2015.


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  28. ^ "Ukip, Lega Nord form hard-right bloc in EU Parliament". Retrieved 8 May 2015.


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  32. ^ abc Independence/Democracy Group in the European Parliament: Our Members Archived 4 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine


  33. ^ Independence/Democracy Group in the European Parliament: Program Archived 2 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine


  34. ^ Independence/Democracy Group in the European Parliament: Staff Archived 5 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine


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  39. ^ http://www.europarl.europa.eu/pdf/welcome_brochures/faces/ep_faces_2007_09_en.pdf


  40. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Kathy Sinnott (incl. Membership)


  41. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Robert Kilroy-Silk (incl. Membership)


  42. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Nigel Farage (incl. Membership)


  43. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Gerard Batten (incl. Membership)


  44. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Godfrey Bloom (incl. Membership)


  45. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Graham Booth (incl. Membership)


  46. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Derek Roland Clark (incl. Membership)


  47. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Roger Knapman (incl. Membership)


  48. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Michael Henry Nattrass (incl. Membership)


  49. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Jeffrey Titford (incl. Membership)


  50. ^ European Parliament archive entry for John Whittaker (incl. Membership)


  51. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Tom Wise (incl. Membership)


  52. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Jens-Peter Bonde (incl. Membership)


  53. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Paul Marie Coûteaux (incl. Membership)


  54. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Patrick Louis (incl. Membership)


  55. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Philippe De Villiers (incl. Membership)


  56. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Mario Borghezio (incl. Membership)


  57. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Umberto Bossi (incl. Membership)


  58. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Matteo Salvini (incl. Membership)


  59. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Francesco Enrico Speroni (incl. Membership)


  60. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Johannes Blokland (incl. Membership)


  61. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Bastiaan Belder (incl. Membership)


  62. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Georgios Georgiou (incl. Membership)


  63. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Hélène Goudin (incl. Membership)


  64. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Nils Lundgren (incl. Membership)


  65. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Lars Magnus Wohlin (incl. Membership)


  66. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Vladimír Železný (incl. Membership)


  67. ^ Incoming / Outgoing. Europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved on 2013-09-07.


  68. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Urszula Krupa (incl. Membership)


  69. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Witold Tomczak (incl. Membership)


  70. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Filip Adwent (incl. Membership)


  71. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Sylwester Chruszcz (incl. Membership)


  72. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Maciej Giertych (incl. Membership)


  73. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Dariusz Maciej Grabowski (incl. Membership)


  74. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Mirosław Mariusz Piotrowski (incl. Membership)


  75. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Bogdan Pęk (incl. Membership)


  76. ^ European Parliament archive entry for Bogusław Rogalski (incl. Membership)


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  92. ^ "Brussels Will Lose Moral Authority on Democracy, CI, December 21, 2007". Cato.org. 21 December 2007. Retrieved 2010-06-17.


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  94. ^ "Lega Nord expelled from the Eurosceptic group Independence and Democracy. Borghezio announces appeals, IN, 16 March 2006". Retrieved 2010-06-17.


  95. ^ "Northern League as a free radical, WZ, 18 March 2006". Retrieved 2010-06-17.


  96. ^ "Lega Nord permanently expelled from the Eurosceptic group, VN, 18 March 2006". Retrieved 2010-06-17.


  97. ^ Bonde calls for ‘election not coronation’ in EU parliament vote, PM, 15 January 2007 Archived 9 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine


  98. ^ Wurtz urges sea change in EU parliament elections, PM, 12 January 2007 Archived 9 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine


  99. ^ Strasbourg 'spinelessness' angers EU deputies, PM, 15 June 2006 Archived 9 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine


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  101. ^ MEPs outline plans to boost EU parliament election turnout, PM, 27 November 2007 Archived 9 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine


  102. ^ Parliament strengthens its control over the Commission, EA, 11 September 2006 Archived 29 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine


  103. ^ "MEPs debate Commission 2007 work programme, EGOV, 16 November 2006". Egovmonitor.com. 16 November 2006. Archived from the original on 9 June 2009. Retrieved 17 June 2010.


  104. ^ Marson, Ingrid (19 July 2005). "More MEPs demand transparency after patent debacle, ZDNET, 19 July 2005". News.zdnet.co.uk. Retrieved 2010-06-17.


  105. ^ "EU perks-buster wins little popularity, TT, June 13, 2004". Taipeitimes.com. 13 June 2004. Retrieved 2010-06-17.


  106. ^ Plenary sitting - Home. Europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved on 2013-09-07.


  107. ^ http://indemgroup.eu/uploads/media/Prague_declaration_EN.pdf[permanent dead link]


  108. ^ http://indemgroup.eu/uploads/media/declaration_of_Delphi.pdf[permanent dead link]


  109. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 26 June 2008. Retrieved 5 July 2008.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)


  110. ^ Independence/Democracy Group in the European Parliament: EU Watch Archived 26 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine




External links



  • Independence/Democracy Group in the European Parliament

  • EUDemocrats official website










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Italian cuisine

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"Italian restaurant" redirects here. For the television series, see Italian Restaurant. Some typical Italian gastronomic products in a window display in Imola Pizza is one of the world's most popular foods and a common fast food item Part of a series on the Culture of Italy History People Languages Traditions Mythology and folklore Mythology folklore Cuisine Festivals Religion Art Literature Music and performing arts Music Media Television Cinema Sport Monuments World Heritage Sites Symbols Flag Coat of arms Italy portal v t e Italian cuisine History Ancient Roman cuisine Medieval cuisine Early modern cuisine Contemporary cuisine Regional cuisines Apulian cuisine Lombard cuisine Neapolitan cuisine Roman cuisine Sicilian cuisine Venetian cuisine Cuisine of Abruzzo Cuisine of Sardinia Lists Chefs Dishes Pas...
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Bulgarian cuisine

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Part of a series on Bulgarians .mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal} българи Culture Literature Music Art Cinema Names Cuisine Dances Costume Sport Public holidays in Bulgaria By country Albania Australia Canada Czechoslovakia Greece New Zealand Romania Serbia South America Turkey Ukraine United States Bulgarian citizens France Germany Hungary Italy Lebanon Lithuania Macedonia Spain United Kingdom Subgroups Anatolian Balkanian Banat Bulgarians Bessarabian Bulgarian Dobrujans Macedonian Ruptsi Balkandzhii Pomaks (Bulgarian Muslims) Thracian Shopi/Torlaks Şchei Religion Bulgarian Orthodox Church Islam Catholic Church Protestant denominations Language Bulgarian Dialects Banat Bulgarian Other List of Bulgarians People of Bulgarian descent v t e Tarator is a cold soup made of yogurt, water, minced cucumber, dill, garlic, and sunflower or olive oil (Chips are...
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Carrot

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Root vegetable, usually orange in color This article is about the cultivated vegetable. For other uses, see Carrot (disambiguation). Carrot Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade : Angiosperms Clade : Eudicots Clade : Asterids Order: Apiales Family: Apiaceae Genus: Daucus Species: D. carota Subspecies: D. c. subsp. sativus Trinomial name Daucus carota subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Schübl. & G. Martens The carrot ( Daucus carota subsp. sativus ) is a root vegetable, usually orange in colour, though purple, black, red, white, and yellow cultivars exist. [1] Carrots are a domesticated form of the wild carrot, Daucus carota , native to Europe and southwestern Asia. The plant probably originated in Persia and was originally cultivated for its leaves and seeds. The most commonly eaten part of the plant is the taproot, although the stems and leaves are eaten as well. The domestic carrot ha...
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