Sir Charles Nicholson, 2nd Baronet
























Sir Charles Nicholson, 2nd Baronet
Born
(1867-04-27)27 April 1867
London

Died
4 March 1949(1949-03-04) (aged 81)
Nationality British
Occupation Architect

Sir Charles Archibald Nicholson, 2nd Baronet (27 April 1867 – 4 March 1949), was an English architect and designer who specialised in ecclesiastical buildings and war memorials. He carried out the refurbishments of several cathedrals, the design and build of over a dozen new churches, and the restoration of a large number of existing, medieval parish churches.


Nicholson was born in Hadleigh, Essex to Sir Charles Nicholson, 1st Baronet, and his wife, Sarah Elizabeth Nicholson née Keightley. His younger brothers were stained-glass artist Archibald Keightley Nicholson and Sir Sydney Hugo Nicholson, organist at Westminster Abbey and founder of the Royal School of Church Music.[1]


Nicholson was married first to Evelyn Louise Olivier (1866–1927) and they had three children, a son, John, and two daughters. His second wife was Catherine Maud Warren, who survived him upon his death in 1947.




Contents






  • 1 Early life


  • 2 Career


  • 3 Personal life


  • 4 Works


  • 5 Citations


  • 6 References and further reading





Early life


Nicholson was born in Hadleigh, Essex,[2] to Sir Charles Nicholson, 1st Baronet, and his wife, Sarah Elizabeth Nicholson née Keightley. His younger brothers were the stained-glass artist Archibald Keightley Nicholson and Sir Sydney Hugo Nicholson, organist at Westminster Abbey and the founder of the Royal School of Church Music.[1] Nicholson attended Rugby School and New College, Oxford, obtaining a third class in modern history in 1889. He took an interest in architecture and was apprenticed to the architect J. D. Sedding, under whom he learnt the Victorian Gothic style. He worked for a short time for Henry Wilson before founding his own practice in 1893. He won the Tite Prize in 1893 and was elected a fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1905.[1] Hubert Corlette later partnered him until 1916. From 1920 Nicholson worked with Theodore Rushton.[1]



Career


In addition to designing churches, Nicholson conducted the refurbishments of many medieval churches. In addition to his ecclesiastical commissions, he was also a prolific designer of public war memorials, including one at his former school in Rugby. Nicholson's Anglican cathedral work included a new east chapel in Norwich, the west front of St Anne's Cathedral, Belfast (where he was the cathedral's architect between 1924–48)[3] various additions to Chelmsford Cathedral, and the reconstruction of Portsmouth Cathedral. His internal restorations were carried out at Brecon, Carlisle, Exeter, Leicester, Lichfield, Lincoln, Llandaff, Manchester, Salisbury, Wakefield, Wells, and Winchester. His works abroad include the ministerial buildings for the Jamaican Government in Kingston.[1]


Nicholson's works include 42 new churches, nine new chapels, and work on nine cathedrals. Nicholson took on the alterations and restorations of many medieval churches, together with the designs of a large amount of church furnishings. The majority of his work was in England, but he also worked in Wales, Northern Ireland, Jamaica and South Africa. He was also an accomplished watercolourist who exhibited at the Royal Academy on 32 occasions.[1]


From 1890, Nicholson carried out a lot of restoration work to his local parish church, St Mary the Virgin in South Benfleet. He designed the reredos between 1890-91, completely restored the south aisle between 1924-5, and designed much of the building's furnishings and fittings. His gilded border, which he completed in 1935, incorporated previous paintings by his mother, Sarah. These were repainted in 1958. Barbara Nicholson, one of his daughters, painted the ciborium.[4]



Personal life


Nicholson succeeded to the baronetcy in 1903. He largely avoided publicity and preferred to conduct a quiet life with his family. He was married twice: firstly, on 1 October 1895, to Evelyn Louise Nicholson née Olivier (1867–1927), daughter of the Reverend Henry Arnold Olivier, and sister of Sydney Haldane Olivier (1859–1943).[1] She was an aunt to the actor Laurence Olivier.
[5] The Nicholsons had a son, John Charles (b. 1904) and two daughters. On 10 June 1931, four years after Evelyn's death, he married Catherine Maud Warren (1883–1962).[1]


Nicholson died on 4 March 1949 and is buried in the Church of St Mary the Virgin, South Benfleet.[1] He is buried, alongside his first wife, in a stone memorial he designed for her, on the south side of the west tower. His second wife was buried there upon her death in 1962.[4]



Works


Nicholson's architectural works include:



  • St Andrew's Vicarage, Totteridge, Hertfordshire (1892, Nicholson's first work)[6]

  • Chancel fittings for Christ Church, Chester (1900–10)[7]

  • Remodelling of Burton Manor, Cheshire (1902)[8]

  • Enlargement of Clifton College Chapel, Bristol (1909–10)[9]

  • Major alterations to St Oswald's Church, Guiseley, West Yorkshire (1910 etc.)[10]

  • Chernockehouse, Winchester, Hampshire (1910–12)[11]

  • St Luke's Church, Grimsby, Lincolnshire (1912)[12]

  • St Paul's Church, Halifax, West Yorkshire (1912)[13]

  • Restoration of All Saints' Church, Cadney, Lincolnshire (1912–14)[14]

  • New nave and chancel of St Lawrence's Church, Scunthorpe, Lincolnshire (1913)[15]

  • St John the Divine, Rastrick, West Yorkshire (1913)[16]

  • St Alban's church, Copnor, Hampshire (1914)[17]

  • St Michael's Church, Sutton Ings, East Riding of Yorkshire (1915)[18]

  • War memorial for St John's Church, Coleford, Gloucestershire (1918)[19]

  • North chapel of St Michael's Church, Basingstoke, Hampshire (1920)[20]

  • Chapel of the Resurrection and vestries for St James' Church, Grimsby, Lincolnshire (1920)[21]

  • Restoration of St Giles' Church, Oxford (1920)[22]

  • Enlargement of SS Philip and James' Church, Oxford (1920–21)[23]


  • Hornchurch war memorial, Essex (1921)[24]

  • Memorial Chapel of Rugby School, Warwickshire (1920)[25]

  • Church of St John the Evangelist, Long Eaton, Derbyshire (started 1922)[26]

  • Screen in the Church of St Mary the Virgin, Saffron Walden, Essex (1924)[27]

  • Church of the Ascension, Bitterne Park, Hampshire (1924–26)[28]

  • St Dunstan's Church, Bellingham Estate, Lewisham (1925)[29]

  • Restoration of Shrewsbury Castle, Shropshire (1926)[30]

  • Completion of St Matthew's Church, Southsea, Hampshire (1926, now the Church of the Holy Spirit)[31]


  • Chelmsford Cathedral: new east end (1926) and bishop's throne[32]

  • Chancel screen of the Church of St Margaret, Bowers Gifford, Essex (1926)[33]

  • St Mary's church, Bournemouth (1926–34)[34]

  • St Michael and All Angels, Leigh-on-Sea, Essex (started 1926, completed after his death 1957)[35]

  • Chapel and library for St Boniface College, Warminster, Wiltshire (1927)

  • Bishop's throne and stalls for Leicester Cathedral (1927)[36]

  • St Michael's Church, Castleford, West Yorkshire (1927–29)[37]

  • Altar and reredos of the Church of St Mary and St Cuthbert, Chester-le-Street, County Durham (1928)[38]

  • St John's Church, Stafford (started 1928, uncompleted)[39]

  • Enlargement of Church of St Laurence, Upminster, Essex (1928)[40]

  • New St Mary's Church, Frinton-on-Sea, Essex (1928–29)[41]

  • Restoration of St Mary's Church, Hamstead Marshall, Berkshire (1929)[42]

  • St Andrew's Church, Bromley (1929)[43]

  • West doors of St Anne’s Cathedral, Belfast (1929)[3]

  • Stained glass east window for the Horner Chapel of St Andrew's Church, Mells, Somerset (1930)[44]

  • Seamen's home at Alton, Hampshire (1929–36)[45]

  • Restoration of Christ Church, Gosport, Hampshire (1930s)[46]

  • Lady Chapel of Norwich Cathedral (1930–32)[47]

  • St George's Church, Barkingside, Essex (1931)[48]

  • Rebuilding parts of SS Peter and Paul's Church, Fareham, Hampshire (1931–32)[49]

  • St John's Church, Dudley Wood, Staffordshire (now West Midlands, 1931)[50]

  • St Margaret's Church, Leigh-on-Sea, Essex (1931)[35]

  • St Peter's Church, St Helier, London (1932)[51]

  • Reredos and choir stalls of St Petroc's Church, Bodmin, Cornwall (1932)[52]

  • St Elizabeth's Church, Becontree, Essex (1932)[53]

  • Refurbishment of St Sepulchre-without-Newgate, London, 1932[citation needed]

  • Residential block at Malling Abbey, Kent (1935)[54]

  • Screen of the north chapel of St Mary's Church, Droxford, Hampshire (1935)[55]


  • Sheffield Cathedral enlargement (1936)[56] and bishop's throne (1937)[57]

  • St Thomas's Church, Camelford, Cornwall (1938)[58]

  • Enlargement of Portsmouth Cathedral (1938–39), Hampshire[59]

  • Restoration of Wakefield Cathedral (1939)[60]


  • Reredos in Lady Chapel of the Church of St Saviour-on-the-Cliff, Shanklin (1948)[61]

  • Monument to FH Lindley Meynell in Holy Angels Church, Hoar Cross, Staffordshire (1941)[62]

  • Roof decoration for St Mary's Church, Ketton, Rutland (completed in 1950 after his death)[63]

  • The roof of Alton Abbey, Hampshire[45]

  • Nave altar and railings for Lincoln Cathedral[64]

  • Altar, reredos and communion rails for St Michael's Church, Macclesfield, Cheshire[65]

  • Font cover for St Chad's Church, Stafford[66]

  • Pulpit for St Michael's Church, Stone, Staffordshire[67]

  • Grange Mansions, Totteridge, Hertfordshire[68]

  • Furnishings for the Essex Regiment Chapel at Warley Barracks, Little Warley, Essex[69]

  • The pulpit of St Andrew's Church, West Chelborough, Dorset[70]

  • Southend War Memorial, Essex[71]

  • Mosaic design for the Church of SS Mary and Nicholas, Wilton, Wiltshire[72]

  • Reredos for All Saints' Church, Wolverhampton[73]



Citations





  1. ^ abcdefghi Godfrey, W. H. Nicholson, Charles Archibald, second baronet, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, 23 September 2004, accessed 12 July 2018.


  2. ^ "Four Wont Way (Victoria House Corner)", Benfleet Community Archive, accessed 12 July 2018.


  3. ^ ab "Architects". Belfast Cathedral..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  4. ^ ab Pevsner & Bettley 2007, pp. 689-690.


  5. ^ Nicholson, Evelyn Louise. "Diary of a trip to Australia 1897". University of Sydney.


  6. ^ Pevsner & Cherry 1977, p. 365.


  7. ^ Pevsner & Hubbard 1971, p. 150.


  8. ^ Pevsner & Hubbard 1971, p. 122.


  9. ^ Pevsner 1958, pp. 419–420.


  10. ^ Pevsner & Radcliffe 1967, p. 228.


  11. ^ Pevsner & Lloyd 1967, p. 706.


  12. ^ Pevsner & Harris 1964, p. 255.


  13. ^ Pevsner & Radcliffe 1967, p. 234.


  14. ^ Pevsner & Harris 1964, p. 211.


  15. ^ Pevsner & Harris 1964, p. 326.


  16. ^ Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer, Monday 07 April 1913 p.8 col.6: "New church at Rastrick"


  17. ^ Pevsner & Lloyd 1967, p. 434.


  18. ^ Pevsner 1972, p. 281.


  19. ^ Verey 1970, p. 163.


  20. ^ Pevsner & Lloyd 1967, p. 90.


  21. ^ Pevsner & Harris 1964, p. 254.


  22. ^ Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 292.


  23. ^ Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 298.


  24. ^ Pevsner & Radcliffe 1965, p. 245.


  25. ^ Pevsner & Wedgwood 1966, p. 389.


  26. ^ Pevsner & Williamson 1978, p. 266.


  27. ^ Pevsner & Radcliffe 1965, p. 333.


  28. ^ Pevsner & Lloyd 1967, p. 590–592.


  29. ^ Pevsner 1952, p. 288.


  30. ^ Pevsner 1958, p. 265.


  31. ^ Pevsner & Lloyd 1967, p. 443.


  32. ^ Pevsner & Radcliffe 1965, p. 115.


  33. ^ Pevsner & Radcliffe 1965, p. 96.


  34. ^ Pevsner & Lloyd 1967, p. 124.


  35. ^ ab Pevsner & Radcliffe 1965, p. 353.


  36. ^ Pevsner 1960, p. 141.


  37. ^ Pevsner & Radcliffe 1967, p. 158.


  38. ^ Pevsner & Williamson 1983, p. 126.


  39. ^ Pevsner 1974, pp. 247–248.


  40. ^ Pevsner, Cherry & O'Brien 2005, pp. 208–209.


  41. ^ Pevsner & Radcliffe 1965, p. 185.


  42. ^ Pevsner 1966, p. 152.


  43. ^ Newman 1969, p. 184.


  44. ^ Pevsner 1958, p. 225.


  45. ^ ab Pevsner & Lloyd 1967, p. 332.


  46. ^ Pevsner & Lloyd 1967, p. 243.


  47. ^ Pevsner 1962, p. 211.


  48. ^ Pevsner & Radcliffe 1965, p. 70.


  49. ^ Pevsner & Lloyd 1967, p. 218.


  50. ^ Pevsner 1974, p. 80.


  51. ^ Nairn, Pevsner & Cherry 1971, p. 446.


  52. ^ Pevsner & Radcliffe 1970, p. 43.


  53. ^ Pevsner & Radcliffe 1965, p. 80.


  54. ^ Newman 1969, p. 603.


  55. ^ Pevsner & Lloyd 1967, p. 193.


  56. ^ Pevsner & Radcliffe 1967, p. 450.


  57. ^ Pevsner & Radcliffe 1967, p. 451.


  58. ^ Pevsner & Radcliffe 1970, p. 51.


  59. ^ Pevsner & Lloyd 1967, p. 400.


  60. ^ Pevsner & Radcliffe 1967, p. 530.


  61. ^ Lloyd & Pevsner 2006, p. 265.


  62. ^ Pevsner 1974, p. 150.


  63. ^ Pevsner 1960, p. 153.


  64. ^ Pevsner & Harris 1964, p. 120.


  65. ^ Pevsner & Hubbard 1971, p. 266.


  66. ^ Pevsner 1974, p. 243.


  67. ^ Pevsner 1974, p. 268.


  68. ^ Pevsner & Cherry 1977, p. 366.


  69. ^ Pevsner & Radcliffe 1965, p. 287.


  70. ^ Newman & Pevsner 1972, p. 444.


  71. ^ Pevsner & Radcliffe 1965, p. 349.


  72. ^ Pevsner & Cherry 1975, p. 578.


  73. ^ Pevsner 1974, p. 322.




References and further reading




  • Brodie, Antonia; Felstead, Alison; Franklin, Jonathan; Pinfield, Leslie, eds. (2001). Directory of British Architects 1834–1914. L–Z. London & New York: Continuum. ISBN 082645514X.
    [page needed]


  • Bundock, Edwin (2013). Sir Charles Nicholson (1867–1949) Architect of Noble Simplicity. Jewel Tree Publications.


  • Lloyd, David W.; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2006). The Isle of Wight. The Buildings of England. London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-10733-3.


  • Nairn, Ian; Pevsner, Nikolaus; Cherry, Bridget (revision) (1971) [1962]. Surrey. The Buildings of England (2nd ed.). Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-071021-3.


  • Newman, John (1969). North East and East Kent. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-071039-6.


  • Newman, John; Pevsner, Nikolaus (1972). Dorset. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-071044-2.


  • Pevsner, Nikolaus (1952). London. The Buildings of England. 2 Except the Cities of London and Westminster. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-071006-X.


  • Pevsner, Nikolaus (1958). Shropshire. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.


  • Pevsner, Nikolaus (1958). North Somerset and Bristol. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.


  • Pevsner, Nikolaus (1962). North-East Norfolk and Norwich. The Buildings of England. 1. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.


  • Pevsner, Nikolaus (1966). Berkshire. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.


  • Pevsner, Nikolaus (1972). Yorkshire: York & the East Riding. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-0710-43-4.


  • Pevsner, Nikolaus (1974). Staffordshire. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-071046-9.


  • Pevsner, Nikolaus; Cherry, Bridget (revision) (1975) [1963]. Wiltshire. The Buildings of England (2nd ed.). Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-0710-26-4.


  • Pevsner, Nikolaus; Cherry, Bridget (revision) (1977) [1953]. Hertfordshire. The Buildings of England (2nd ed.). Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-071007-8.


  • Pevsner, Nikolaus; Harris, John (1964). Lincolnshire. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.


  • Pevsner, Nikolaus; Hubbard, Edward (1971). Cheshire. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-071042-6.


  • Pevsner, Nikolaus; Lloyd, David (1967). Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.


  • Pevsner, Nikolaus; Radcliffe, Enid (revision) (1965) [1954]. Essex. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-0710-11-6.


  • Pevsner, Nikolaus; Radcliffe, Enid (revision) (1967) [1959]. Yorkshire the West Riding. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-071017-5.


  • Pevsner, Nikolaus; Radcliffe, Enid (revision) (1970) [1951]. Cornwall. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-071001-9.


  • Pevsner, Nikolaus; Wedgwood, Alexandra (1966). Warwickshire. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.


  • Pevsner, Nikolaus; Williamson, Elizabeth (revision) (1978) [1953]. Derbyshire. The Buildings of England (2nd ed.). Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-071008-6.


  • Pevsner, Nikolaus; Williamson, Elizabeth (revision) (1983) [1953]. County Durham. The Buildings of England (2nd ed.). Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-071009-4.


  • Pevsner, Nikolaus; Cherry, Bridget; O'Brien, Charles (2005). London 5: East. The Buildings of England. 5. London: Yale University Press.


  • Sherwood, Jennifer; Pevsner, Nikolaus (1974). Oxfordshire. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-071045-0.


  • Verey, David (1970). Gloucestershire: The Vale and the Forest of Dean. The Buildings of England. 2. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.










Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Preceded by
Charles Nicholson

Baronet
(of Luddenham)
1903–1949
Succeeded by
John Charles Nicholson







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