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Dongguan .mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal} 东莞市
Prefecture-level city
From top left, clockwise: Guanyin mountain, Humen Bridge, Keyuan, Dongguan Avenue
Location of Dongguan in Guangdong
Dongguan Location in China
Coordinates (Dongguan government): 23°01′16″N 113°45′07″E / 23.021°N 113.752°E / 23.021; 113.752Coordinates: 23°01′16″N 113°45′07″E / 23.021°N 113.752°E / 23.021; 113.752
Country	People's Republic of China
Province	Guangdong
County	331 AD
City (County-level)	September 1985
City (Prefecture-level)	1 January 1988
Government
• CPC Committee Secretary	Liang Weidong (梁维东)
• Mayor	Liang Weidong (梁维东)
Area
• Prefecture-level city	2,465 km2 (952 sq mi)
• Urban	2,465 km2 (952 sq mi)
• Metro	17,572.9 km2 (6,784.9 sq mi)
Elevation	8 m (26 ft)
Population (2010 census[1])
• Prefecture-level city	8,220,207
• Density	3,300/km2 (8,600/sq mi)
• Urban	8,220,207
• Urban density	3,300/km2 (8,600/sq mi)
• Metro	44,449,738
• Metro density	2,500/km2 (6,600/sq mi)
GDP
• Total	¥ 627.506 billion (2015)
• Per capita	¥ 75213 (2015)
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard Time)
Postal code	523000
Area code(s)	769
ISO 3166 code	CN-GD-19
Licence plate prefixes	粤S
City flower	Yulan magnolia Magnolia denudata
Website	www.dg.gov.cn

Dongguan
"Dongguan" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
Simplified Chinese	东莞
Traditional Chinese	東莞
Hanyu Pinyin	Dōngguǎn
Cantonese Yale	Dùnggún or Dūnggún
Postal	Tungkun
Literal meaning	"Eastern Bulrush(es)"
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Dōngguǎn Bopomofo ㄉㄨㄥ   ㄍㄨㄢˇ Gwoyeu Romatzyh Donggoan Wade–Giles Tung1-kuan3 Tongyong Pinyin Dongguǎn Yale Romanization Dūnggwǎn MPS2 Dūngguǎn IPA [tʊ́ŋ.kwàn] Hakka Romanization Dung1gon3or Tûng-kón Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Dùnggún or Dūnggún IPA [tôŋ.kǔːn] or [tóŋ.kǔːn] Jyutping Dung1gun2

Dongguan is a prefecture-level city in central Guangdong Province. An important industrial city in the Pearl River Delta, Dongguan borders the provincial capital of Guangzhou to the north, Huizhou to the northeast, Shenzhen to the south, and the Pearl River to the west. It is part of the Pearl River Delta megacity with more than 44.78 million inhabitants at the 2010 census spread over nine municipalities (including Macao) across an area of 17,573 square kilometres (6,785 sq mi).^[1] Dongguan's city administration is considered especially progressive in seeking foreign direct investment.^[who?] Dongguan ranks behind only Shenzhen, Shanghai and Suzhou in exports among Chinese cities, with $65.54 billion in shipments.^{[citation needed]} It is also home to one of the world's largest, though largely empty,^{[needs update]} shopping malls, the New South China Mall.^[2] Although the city is geographically and thus culturally Cantonese in the Weitou form and as well as culturally Hakka in the prefectures of Fenggang and Qingxi, the majority of the modern-day population speaks Mandarin due to the large influx of economic migrants from other parts of China.

History

Although the earliest traces of human habitation in the area stretch back 5,000 years, Dongguan's emergence as a true city is a recent phenomenon.

In 1839, at the outset of the First Opium War, large quantities of seized opium were destroyed in Humen, a town that now belongs to Dongguan. Several of the major battles of the war were fought in this area.

During the Second World War, the city served as the base for guerrilla resistance against the Japanese occupation.^[3]

Being a district of the Huiyang prefecture before, as its economy overshadowed the prefectural capital of Huizhou itself, Dongguan earned city status in 1985, and was upgraded to prefecture city status three years later.^[4] During this period the city changed its focus from an agricultural town into a manufacturing hub, with an average annual growth of up to 18%.^[5]

The city ranked 13th in Forbes China's listing of the most innovative mainland cities, as well as 18th in Foreign Policy's listing of the most dynamic cities in the world.

Geography

Geographically, the city is mostly hilly to the east and flat in the west, with 115.98 kilometres (72.07 mi) of shoreline. The urban centre of Dongguan is 50 kilometres (31 mi) from that of Guangzhou to its north, 90 kilometres (56 mi) from Shenzhen to its south, 47 nautical miles (87 km) from Hong Kong and 48 nautical miles (89 km) from Macau by waterway. It is positioned in the middle of the Guangzhou-Shenzhen economic corridor, a hub for both land and sea transport.

Of Dongguan's total area, 27% is water, 25% forest land, and 13% arable land, while 35% of its land area has been fully developed.^{[citation needed]}

Guan Yin Shan (Kuan Yin Mountain) in Dongguan

Climate

Dongguan has a humid subtropical climate, with abundant sunshine and rainfall over the year. It lies just south of the Tropic of Cancer. The average temperature is 22.7 °C (72.9 °F) throughout the year with average rainfall of 1,787 millimetres (70.4 in).^[6]

Demographics

Dongguan had an estimated 6,949,800 inhabitants at the end of 2008, among whom 1,748,700 were local residents and 5,201,100 permanent migrants from other parts of the country.^[7] At the 2010 Census the population had expanded to 8,220,237.^[8] The number reached 8.26 million by 2016, with a density of 5,100 per km².^[9]

Dongguan is the hometown for many overseas Chinese, the family origin of over 700,000 people in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macau and over 200,000 Chinese nationals living abroad.

Administration

Dongguan is a prefecture-level city of the Guangdong province. An uncommon administrative feature is that it has no county-level division, but the municipal government does group the 32 township-level divisions into 6 district areas. The city government directly administers 4 Subdistricts and 28 towns:

Map
1 Dongcheng Nancheng Wanjiang 2 Gaobu Zhongtang Machong 3 Hongmei Shijie Daojiao Shatian Houjie Humen Chang'an Dalingshan Dalang Huangjiang Liaobu Fenggang Tangxia Qingxi Zhangmutou Xiegang Changping Qiaotou Qishi Hengli 4 Chashan Shipai 1. Guancheng 2. Shilong 3. Wangniudun 4. Dongkeng
Name	Simplified Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Population (2010 census)	Area (km2)	Density (/km2)	Division code[10]	Residential communities	Administrative villages
Chengqu District	城区片区	Chéngqū Piànqū	1,653,407	299.0	5529.78	—	4 subdistricts, 2 towns
Dongcheng Subdistrict	东城街道	Dōngchéng Jiēdào	492,875	110.0	4,480.68	441900003	23
Nancheng Subdistrict	南城街道	Nánchéng Jiēdào	289,255	59.0	4,902.62	441900004	18
Wanjiang Subdistrict	万江街道	Wànjiāng Jiēdào	244,765	50.5	4,846.83	441900005	28
Guancheng Subdistrict	莞城街道	Guǎnchéng Jiēdào	162,116	13.5	12,008.59	441900006	8
Shijie town	石碣镇	Shíjié Zhèn	246,960	36.0	6,860.00	441900101	1	14
Gaobu town	高埗镇	Gāobù Zhèn	217,436	30.0	7,247.86	441900129	1	18
Songshanhu District	松山湖片区	Sōngshānhú Piànqū	1,467,455	433.8	3382.79	—	6 towns
Shilong town	石龙镇	Shílóng Zhèn	141,850	11.3	12,553.09	441900102	3	7
Chashan town	茶山镇	Cháshān Zhèn	156,522	51.0	3,069.05	441900103	2	16
Shipai town	石排镇	Shípái Zhèn	160,202	56.0	2,860.75	441900104	1	18
Liaobu town	寮步镇	Liáobù Zhèn	418,578	87.5	4783.74	441900111	10	20
Dalang town	大朗镇	Dàlǎng Zhèn	310,889	118.0	2,634.65	441900113	12	16
Dalingshan town	大岭山镇	Dàlǐngshān Zhèn	279,414	110.0	2,540.12	441900118	3	21
Dongbu District	东部片区	Dōngbù Piànqū	1,349,280	493.5	2734.10	—	7 towns
Qishi town	企石镇	Qǐshí Zhèn	121,693	51.0	2,386.13	441900105	1	19
Hengli town	横沥镇	Hénglì Zhèn	204,830	50.0	4,096.60	441900106	1	16
Qiaotou town	桥头镇	Qiáotóu Zhèn	166,774	56.0	2,978.10	441900107	6	11
Xiegang town	谢岗镇	Xiègǎng Zhèn	99,387	103.0	964.92	441900108	1	11
Dongkeng town	东坑镇	Dōngkēng Zhèn	138,819	27.5	5,047.96	441900109	2	14
Changping town	常平镇	Chángpíng Zhèn	386,378	108.0	3,577.57	441900110	2	31
Huangjiang town	黄江镇	Huángjiāng Zhèn	231,399	98.0	2,361.21	441900114	7
Dongnan District	东南片区	Dōngnán Piànqū	1,246,493	472.3	2639.19	—	4 towns
Zhangmutou town	樟木头镇	Zhāngmùtou Zhèn	132,816	118.8	1,117.97	441900112	10
Qingxi town	清溪镇	Qīngxī Zhèn	312,639	143.0	2,186.28	441900115	1	20
Tangxia town	塘厦镇	Tángxià Zhèn	482,067	128.0	3,766.14	441900116	23
Fenggang town	凤岗镇	Fènggǎng Zhèn	318,971	82.5	3,866.31	441900117	1	11
Binhai District	滨海片区	Bīnhǎi Piànqū	1,918,652	509.3	3767.23	—	4 towns
Chang'an town	长安镇	Cháng'ān Zhèn	664,230	97.8	6,791.71	441900119	13
Humen town	虎门镇	Hǔmén Zhèn	638,657	178.5	3,577.91	441900121	31
Houjie town	厚街镇	Hòujiē Zhèn	438,283	126.0	3,478.43	441900122	24
Shatian town	沙田镇	Shātián Zhèn	177,482	107.0	1,658.71	441900123	2	16
Shuixiang District	水乡片区	Shuǐxiāng Piànqū	543,632	261.5	2078.89	—	5 towns
Daojiao town	道滘镇	Dàojiào Zhèn	143,107	63.0	2,271.53	441900124	1	13
Hongmei town	洪梅镇	Hóngméi Zhèn	58,114	33.0	1,761.03	441900125	1	9
Machong town	麻涌镇	Máchǒng Zhèn	118,062	74.0	1,595.43	441900126	2	13
Wangniudun town	望牛墩镇	Wàngniúdūn Zhèn	84,786	31.5	2,685.65	441900127	1	21
Zhongtang town	中堂镇	Zhōngtáng Zhèn	139,563	60.0	2,326.05	441900128	5	15
Special Jurisdictions						441900400	3

Transport

Humen Pearl River Bridge

Dongguan Rail Transit Line 2

Air

Dongguan is served by Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport, Shenzhen Bao’an International Airport, but primarily by Hong Kong International Airport; ticketed passengers can take ferries from the Humen Ferry Terminal in Humen to the HKIA Skypier.^[13] There are also coach bus services connecting Dongguan with HKIA.^[14]

Road

Many foreign travellers to Dongguan fly into Hong Kong, which gives visa on arrival to citizens of over 170 countries. After landing, visitors must apply for a visa to enter mainland China.^{[citation needed]} One can travel from Hong Kong to Dongguan by bus, ferry, or train. Passengers travelling overland must disembark from their transport at the Hong Kong/China border to go through customs and immigration, except for those traveling on the Mass Transit Railway intercity services (former Kowloon-Canton Railway) from Hung Hom Station to Dongguan, Guangzhou and beyond.

The Humen Pearl River Bridge is a suspension bridge over the Pearl River. Completed in 1997, it has a main span of 888 metres (2,913 ft). Construction work on the Second Humen Pearl River Bridge will start in early 2014.

Rail

Dongguan serves as one of the regional railway hubs in Guangdong, where the Guangzhou-Kowloon Railway, Guangzhou-Meizhou-Shantou Railway and the Beijing-Kowloon Railway converge. Rail services in and out of the city call at Dongguan railway station where there are direct train services to Guangzhou East railway station in Guangzhou; and Hung Hom Railway station in Hong Kong. High-speed rail services are also available at Humen railway station.

Among the four metro lines (R1-R4) planned for the Dongguan Rail Transit, R2 Line is presently under construction and was scheduled to open for operations in early 2015. This was delayed and opened in May 2016. The R2 Line will link towns in Western Dongguan, thereby promoting the connection of the entire downtown area with Houjie, Humen and Chang’an. It will also support Dongguan's regional transportation with other cities such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hong Kong by joining with the rail transit junctions of the Pearl River Delta.^[15]

Economy

Dongguan is a major manufacturing hub, although it suffered significant loss of economic activity from the impact of the 2008 financial crisis.^[16][17] The largest industrial sector is manufacturing of electronics and communications equipment; international companies with facilities in Dongguan include DuPont, Samsung Electronics, Nokia, Coca-Cola, Nestlé and Maersk.^[18]

The Dongguan Science and Technology Museum (opened in December 2005), the high tech commerce park in the Songshan Lake district (opened in 2003) and a partnership with the Global IT Academy of the Brea Olinda Unified School District in Southern California have demonstrated the city's emphasis on attracting technology business. The city announced in 2005 a planned investment of US$500 million over five years for technology infrastructure improvements. The city administration is considered especially progressive in seeking foreign direct investment.^{[citation needed]} Among the investors were Brazilian shoe manufacturers. Brazil excelled in manufacturing cheap footwear in the 1970s and 80s. The Brazilian community in Dongguan numbered 4,000 people in 2013.^[19][20]

While the city is the fourth largest export region in China, behind Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Suzhou, Dongguan has yet to gain the kind of name recognition realized by Shenzhen outside of China. This may be because the city has focused on infrastructure investment rather than the direct targeting of major corporations with financial incentives for economic development. Nevertheless, Dongguan has been identified by high level representatives of the National Development and Reform Commission of the central government as one of the most significant growth regions for technology in the coming years. As part of this plan, the Dongguan local government announced a plan to create and support a 100-billion-yuan photovoltaic manufacturing industry by 2015.^[21]

To cope with the impact of the financial crisis, Dongguan city is looking to industrial restructuring, focusing on four pillar platforms — governmental services, supporting measures, technology upgrade, and market expansion. The city government claims that this process has already enhanced the its capability for independent innovation and the quantity of patent applications in 2008.^[22][23]

In Dongguan, manufacturing is prosperous and with a strong tertiary industry and had a total GDP of 501 billion RMB with the scale proportion of the three major industrial sectors standing at 0.4:46.9:52.7 in 2012.^[24]

On 9 February 2014, China Central Television aired a special on the sex industry in Dongguan. The same day Guangdong Provincial Police raided and closed all saunas, bars, foot massages, karaokes, and other businesses associated with the sex industry. The economic impact of this crackdown is believed to be 50 billion yuan, or just over $8 billion US dollars. The residual effects of the crackdown affected the livelihood of taxi drivers and restaurants who, while not directly involved in the sex industry, benefited from the increased clientele.^[25]

Sports and culture

Dongguan is dubbed as a "National Basketball City" and is the only prefecture-level city with three professional basketball clubs in China. The Guangdong Southern Tigers was the first professional basketball club in China, having won eight Chinese Basketball Association (CBA) championships.

The 16,000 seat Dongguan Basketball Center will be one of the venues for the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup.^[26] The venue has already hosted the 2015 Sudirman Cup badminton tournament.^[27]

Dongguan Yulan Theater is one of China’s newest multipurpose performing arts venues. With its multi-layered exterior suggestive of an unfolding lotus petal, it has become a landmark in Dongguan city. The new cultural hub houses two theatres presenting a full schedule of performances, including Romeo and Juliet and the Chinese classic Butterfly Lovers. So far Dongguan has produced 7 original musicals by its own and made a roadshow of 60 performances in over 30 cities of China.^[28]

Social issues

The city and province have been the recent focus of press and journalist attention with coverage of the many young Chinese workers, principally females (so-called factory girls), from agricultural areas who work in the area's factories and manufacturing/assembly facilities, where many are housed in large dormitories, usually several to a room.^[29]

An article in the High Tech Misery in China series reports research conducted, over 2008 to 2009, on working conditions at one of the city's major keyboard makers (Dongguan Meitai Plastics & Electronics Factory); in it, Meitai factory won some unwanted attention due to the poor conditions for its young, mostly female workers. The article^[30] includes details of those conditions, photos, translations of employer's rules and evidence that well-known computer brands use this keyboard supplier's products.

Dongguan has as well a variety of types of brothels, massage parlours, nightclubs, sauna centres and karaoke bars. The city has more than 120 top-end luxury hotels and hundreds of other mid-range places that offer illegal sexual services or lease floors to sex operators, and many parts of the broader service sector benefit from the trade brought by visitors. Although much of the business is illegal, police operations to limit these activities were for a long time largely ineffective, in part because many members of the local administration and other officials have business interests in the sector.^[31][32][33]

On 9 February 2014, CCTV aired a report about prostitution in Dongguan. In reaction, on the same day, Dongguan police launched a crackdown on brothels, massage parlours, nightclubs, sauna centres and karaoke bars, leading to some commentary that the city's days as China's sex capital were numbered.^[34]

Education

The city is home to 650 educational institutions: one general college, a TV University as well as technical and vocational schools, 550 primary schools and 480 kindergartens. The number of professional teachers, including those at kindergartens, totals 20,268. A comparatively integrated educational system has been set up including preschool, basic, vocational, higher and lifelong adult education. Senior high school education has developed since 1995.

The Dongguan University of Technology is located in Dongguan.

Festivals

Donguan is host to the following annual festivals:^[35]

• Dongguan Lingnan Arts Festival (January)


• Dongkeng Workers Festival (Second day of the second lunar month)


• Machong Guanyin Festival (Nineteenth day of the second lunar month)


• Qingxi Flower Festival (April)


• Tea Tea Garden Festival (April)


• Qiaotou Lotus Art Festival (June)


• Qishi Qiufeng Culture Festival (August)


• Machong "Scent of Four Seasons" Cultural Art Festival (September)


• Zhangmutou Hong Kong Tourism Festival (September)


• Fenggang Hakka Art Festival (During the Lunar Mid-autumn Festival)


• Xiegang Mountain Climbing Festival (Third week in September)


• (Tangxia) Band Festival (October);


• Shatian Water Culture Festival (October to November)


• Hengli Niuxu Folk Festival (INovember)


• Liaobu Tourism and Cultural Festival (December)

See also

• List of twin towns and sister cities in China


• 
  Guangdong Southern Tigers basketball team


• 
  Lanwa FC — former football club


• 
  New South China Mall — World's second largest mall


• 
  A Touch of Sin — a film that is partly set in Dongguan

References

Economic data

• 
  Economic profile for Dongguan at HKTDC
  

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dongguan.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Dongguan.

• HERE! Dongguan - Your English Guide to a Bustling City


• Dongguan Expats - Expatacular! - Global Expat Community


• 
  Hello! Dongguan A general introduction to the city of DG


• 
  www.dongguantoday.com Government funded website, giving a full range of information about Dongguan


• 
  Dongguan Live a.k.a. Don't Worry Be Happy A series of videos about something fun to do in DG


• Dongguan Foreign Investment Promotion Bureau


• Dongguan City Government


• 
  Dongguan Bureau of Foreign Trade & Economic Cooperation (in Chinese) and (in English)
  


• IATT - International Association for Technology Trade

v t e Largest cities or municipalities in China Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (2010) Urban area population
	Rank	Name	Province	Pop.	Rank	Name	Province	Pop.
Shanghai Beijing	1	Shanghai	SH	20,217,748	11	Chongqing	CQ	6,263,790	Shenzhen Guangzhou
	2	Beijing	BJ	16,446,857	12	Nanjing	JS	5,827,888
	3	Shenzhen	GD	10,358,381	13	Shenyang	LN	5,718,232
	4	Guangzhou	GD	9,702,144	14	Xi'an	SN	5,206,253
	5	Tianjin	TJ	9,562,255	15	Hangzhou	ZJ	5,162,093
	6	Wuhan	HB	7,541,527	16	Harbin	HL	4,933,054
	7	Dongguan	GD	7,271,322	17	Dalian	LN	3,902,467
	8	Hong Kong	HK	7,071,576	18	Zhengzhou	HA	3,677,032
	9	Foshan	GD	6,771,895	19	Shantou	GD	3,644,017
	10	Chengdu	SC	6,316,922	20	Jinan	SD	3,527,566