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This is a list of the longest-reigning monarchs^{[dubious – discuss]} of all time, detailing the 100 monarchs and lifelong leaders who have reigned the longest in world history, sorted by length of reign. Currently reigning monarchs are highlighted.

Sovereign monarchs with verifiable reigns by exact date

Rank	Name	State	Reign		Duration
Rank	Name	State	From	To	(days)	(years, days)
1	Louis XIV	France	14 May 1643	1 September 1715	26,407	7004264070000000000♠72 years, 110 days
2	Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX)	Thailand	9 June 1946	13 October 2016	25,694	7004256940000000000♠70 years, 126 days
3	Johann II	Liechtenstein	12 November 1858	11 February 1929	25,658	7004256580000000000♠70 years, 91 days
4	K'inich Janaab' Pakal	Palenque	29 July 615	31 August 683	24,870	7004248700000000000♠68 years, 33 days
5	Franz Joseph I	Austrian Empire/Austria-Hungary	2 December 1848	21 November 1916	24,825	7004248250000000000♠67 years, 355 days
6	Elizabeth II	United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand^[1]^{[note 1]}	6 February 1952^[1]	Incumbent	24,402	7004244020000000000♠66 years, 295 days
7	Constantine VIII	Byzantine Empire	30 March 962	11 November 1028	24,332	7004243320000000000♠66 years, 226 days
8	Basil II	Byzantine Empire	22 April 960	15 December 1025	23,977	7004239770000000000♠65 years, 237 days
9	Ferdinand III	Sicily	6 October 1759	4 January 1825	23,831	7004238310000000000♠65 years, 90 days
10	Victoria	United Kingdom	20 June 1837	22 January 1901	23,226	7004232260000000000♠63 years, 216 days
11	James I	Aragon	12 September 1213	27 July 1276	22,964	7004229640000000000♠62 years, 319 days
12	Hirohito (Shōwa)^{[note 2]}	Japan	25 December 1926	7 January 1989	22,659	7004226590000000000♠62 years, 13 days
13	Kangxi Emperor^{[note 3]}	China (Qing dynasty)	7 February 1661	20 December 1722	22,595	7004225950000000000♠61 years, 316 days
14	Qianlong Emperor^{[note 4]}	China (Qing dynasty)	18 October 1735	8 February 1796	22,028	7004220280000000000♠60 years, 113 days
15	Friedrich Günther	Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt	28 April 1807	28 June 1867	21,976	7004219760000000000♠60 years, 61 days
16	Christian IV	Denmark–Norway	4 April 1588	28 February 1648	21,879	7004218790000000000♠59 years, 330 days
17	George III	Great Britain and Ireland/United Kingdom, Hanover	25 October 1760	29 January 1820	21,644	7004216440000000000♠59 years, 96 days
18	Honoré III	Monaco	7 November 1733	19 January 1793	21,623	7004216230000000000♠59 years, 73 days
19	Louis XV	France	1 September 1715	10 May 1774	21,436	7004214360000000000♠58 years, 251 days
20	Pedro II	Brazil	7 April 1831	15 November 1889	21,407	7004214070000000000♠58 years, 222 days
21	Ludovico I	Saluzzo	October 1416	8 April 1475	21,373	7004213730000000000♠58 years, 189 days
22	Nicholas I	Montenegro	13 August 1860	26 November 1918	21,288	7004212880000000000♠58 years, 105 days
23	Honoré I	Monaco	22 August 1523	7 October 1581	21,231	7004212310000000000♠58 years, 46 days
24	Wilhelmina	The Netherlands	23 November 1890	4 September 1948	21,104	7004211040000000000♠57 years, 286 days
25	James VI	Scotland	24 July 1567	27 March 1625	21,066	7004210660000000000♠57 years, 246 days

Dependent or constituent monarchs with verifiable reigns by exact date

The monarchs in the table below were not fully sovereign over their territory for at least part of their reign.

Note: "(HRE)" indicates a semi-sovereign state within the Holy Roman Empire and a reign that concluded before the dissolution of the Empire in 1806. (HRE*) indicates a reign that began when the state was within the Empire and continued afterward.

Rank	Name	State	Reign		Duration
Rank	Name	State	From	To	(days)	(years, days)
1	Sobhuza II^{[note 5]}	Swaziland (British protectorate until 1968)	10 December 1899	21 August 1982	30,204	7004302040000000000♠82 years, 254 days
2	Bernhard VII	Lippe (HRE)	12 August 1429	2 April 1511	29,818	7004298180000000000♠81 years, 234 days
3	William IV	Henneberg-Schleusingen (HRE)	26 May 1480	24 January 1559	28,731	7004287310000000000♠78 years, 243 days
4	Karansinhji^[2]	Lakhtar State (part of British Raj from 1858)	15 June 1846	8 August 1924	28,543	7004285430000000000♠78 years, 54 days
5	Heinrich XI^{[note 6]}^[3]^[4]	Reuss-Obergreiz (HRE)	17 March 1723	28 June 1800	28,227	7004282270000000000♠77 years, 103 days
6	Idris ibni Muhammad al-Qadri,^[5]^[6] Tunku Besar of Tampin	Tampin (Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia) (part of British Malaya until 1957)	3 December 1929	26 December 2005	27,782	7004277820000000000♠76 years, 23 days
7	Christian August	Palatinate-Sulzbach (HRE)	14 August 1632	23 April 1708	27,645	7004276450000000000♠75 years, 253 days
8	Mudhoji IV Rao Naik Nimbalkar	Phaltan (part of British Raj from 1858)	7 December 1841	17 October 1916	27,342	7004273420000000000♠74 years, 315 days
9	Bhagvatsingh Sahib	Gondal state (British Raj)	14 December 1869	10 March 1944	27,114	7004271140000000000♠74 years, 87 days
10	George William	Schaumburg-Lippe (HRE*)	13 February 1787	21 November 1860	26,944	7004269440000000000♠73 years, 282 days
11	Charles Frederick	Baden (HRE*)	12 May 1738	10 June 1811	26,691	7004266910000000000♠73 years, 29 days
12	John Louis	Nassau-Saarbrücken (HRE)	19 October 1472	4 June 1545	26,525	7004265250000000000♠72 years, 228 days^{[note 7]}
13	Henry Frederick	Hohenlohe-Langenburg (HRE)	29 January 1628	5 August 1699	26,121	7004261210000000000♠71 years, 188 days
14	Jagatjit Singh	Kapurthala (British Raj)	3 September 1877	20 August 1948	25,918	7004259180000000000♠70 years, 352 days^[7]^{[note 8]}
15	Parashuramrao Shrinivas	Aundh (India)	30 August 1777	11 June 1848	25,852	7004258520000000000♠70 years, 286 days
16	Franz Karl	Fürstenberg-Donaueschingen (HRE)	15 November 1627	19 July 1698	25,814	7004258140000000000♠70 years, 246 days
17	Karl August	Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (HRE*)	28 May 1758	14 June 1828	25,584	7004255840000000000♠70 years, 17 days
18	Alberico I Cybo-Malaspina	Massa and Carrara (HRE)	6 June 1553	18 January 1623	25,428	7004254280000000000♠69 years, 226 days
19	Werner	Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck (HRE)	31 October 1559	16 February 1629	25,311	7004253110000000000♠69 years, 108 days
20	Heinrich Joseph Johann	Auersperg (HRE)	6 November 1713	9 February 1783	25,297	7004252970000000000♠69 years, 95 days
21	Frederick III^{[note 9]}	Inner Austria (HRE)	10 June 1424	19 August 1493	25,272	7004252720000000000♠69 years, 70 days
22	Frederick V	Hesse-Homburg (HRE*)	7 February 1751	20 January 1820	25,183	7004251830000000000♠68 years, 347 days
23	Vikramatji Khimojiraj^[8]	Porbandar (British protectorate, then part of British Raj from 1858)	20 June 1831	21 April 1900	25,142	7004251420000000000♠68 years, 305 days
24	Krishnaraja Wadiyar III	Mysore (British Subsidiary alliance, then part of British Raj from 1858)	30 June 1799	27 March 1868	25,107	7004251070000000000♠68 years, 271 days
25	Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin II	Kedah Sultanate	15 February 1710	23 September 1778	25,057	7004250570000000000♠68 years, 220 days
26	Johann Friedrich	Castell-Rüdenhausen (HRE)	10 January 1681	23 June 1749	25,000	7004250000000000000♠68 years, 164 days
27	Sawant Singh^[9]	Pratapgarh (India)	26 October 1775	5 January 1844	24,907	7004249070000000000♠68 years, 71 days
28	Christian Karl Reinhard	Leiningen-Dagsburg (HRE)	3 November 1698	17 November 1766	24,850	7004248500000000000♠68 years, 14 days
29	Ram Singh	Bundi State (British protectorate, then part of British Raj from 1858)^[10]	14 May 1821	28 March 1889	24,790	7004247900000000000♠67 years, 318 days
30	Henry III	Meissen (HRE)	18 January 1221	15 February 1288	24,499	7004244990000000000♠67 years, 28 days
31	Eleanor^{[note 10]}	Aquitaine (France)	9 April 1137	1 April 1204	24,464	7004244640000000000♠66 years, 358 days
32	Amarsinhji Banesinhji^{[note 11]}	Wankaner (British Raj)	12 June 1881	15 February 1948	24,353	7004243530000000000♠66 years, 248 days
33	Khengarji III	Cutch (British Raj)	19 December 1875	15 January 1942	24,133	7004241330000000000♠66 years, 27 days
34	Leopold III	Anhalt-Dessau (HRE)	16 December 1751	9 August 1817	23,977	7004239770000000000♠65 years, 236 days
35	John I	Brittany (France)	21 October 1221	8 October 1286	23,728	7004237280000000000♠64 years, 352 days
36	Frederick William	Hohenzollern-Hechingen (HRE)	13 January 1671	14 November 1735	23,680	7004236800000000000♠64 years, 305 days
37	Ibrahim	Johor (part of British Malaya until 1957)	4 June 1895	8 May 1959	23,348	7004233480000000000♠63 years, 338 days
38	Sayajirao Gaekwad III	Baroda State (British Raj)	27 May 1875	6 February 1939	23,265	7004232660000000000♠63 years, 256 days
39	Albert Anton	Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (HRE)	4 November 1646	24 June 1710	23,242	7004232420000000000♠63 years, 232 days
40	Anton Günther	Oldenburg (HRE)	12 November 1603	19 June 1667	23,230	7004232300000000000♠63 years, 219 days
41	Frederick Augustus I^{[note 12]}	Saxony (HRE*)	17 December 1763	5 May 1827	23,149	7004231490000000000♠63 years, 139 days
42	Isa ibn Ali Al Khalifa	Bahrain (British protectorate from 1880)	1 December 1869	9 December 1932	23,018	7004230180000000000♠63 years, 8 days
43	Charles III	Upper Lorraine (HRE)	12 June 1545	14 May 1608	22,982	7004229820000000000♠62 years, 337 days
44	Johann Friedrich II	Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Öhringen (HRE)	17 October 1702	24 August 1765	22,957	7004229570000000000♠62 years, 311 days
45	Bernhard II	Saxe-Meiningen (HRE*)	24 December 1803	20 September 1866	22,916	7004229160000000000♠62 years, 270 days
46	Philip II	Nassau-Weilburg (HRE)	2 July 1429	19 March 1492	22,906	7004229060000000000♠62 years, 261 days^{[note 13]}
47	Léopold Philippe	Arenberg (HRE)	19 August 1691	4 March 1754	22,842	7004228420000000000♠62 years, 197 days
48	Muhammad Ibrahim Khan Salarzai^[11]	Tonk (British Raj)	20 December 1867	23 June 1930	22,830	7004228300000000000♠62 years, 185 days
49	Saqr bin Mohammed Al Qasimi	Ras Al Khaimah (part of the British Protectorate of Trucial states until 1971)	17 July 1948	27 October 2010	22,747	7004227470000000000♠62 years, 102 days
50	Nahar Singh	Shahpura (British Raj)	21 April 1870	24 June 1932	22,709	7004227090000000000♠62 years, 64 days^[12]
51	Tuanku Abdul Hamid Halim Shah	Kedah Sultanate (British Malaya)	22 September 1881	13 May 1943	22,512	7004225120000000000♠61 years, 233 days
52	Philip IV	Waldeck-Wildungen (HRE)	28 May 1513	30 November 1574	22,466	7004224660000000000♠61 years, 186 days
53	Wakhat Singh Dalil Singh	Lunavada (British Raj)	31 October 1867	27 April 1929	22,458	7004224580000000000♠61 years, 178 days
54	Paku Alam VIII	Pakualaman (Indonesia)	12 April 1937	11 September 1998	22,432	7004224320000000000♠61 years, 152 days
55	Victor Amadeus	Anhalt-Bernburg (HRE)	22 September 1656	14 February 1718	22,424	7004224240000000000♠61 years, 145 days
56	Lakshman Singh, Maharawal of Banswara	Banswara State (part of British Raj from 1858)	2 February 1844	29 April 1905	22,366	7004223660000000000♠61 years, 86 days^[13]
57	Ulrich V	Württemberg-Stuttgart (HRE)	2 July 1419	1 September 1480	22,342	7004223420000000000♠61 years, 61 days^{[note 14]}
58	Ranbir Singh	Jind (British Raj)	7 March 1887	31 March 1948	22,304	7004223040000000000♠61 years, 24 days^[14]^{[note 15]}
59	Ernst Ludwig	Hesse-Darmstadt (HRE)	31 August 1678	12 September 1739	22,291	7004222910000000000♠61 years, 12 days
60	Johann Friedrich I	Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Öhringen (HRE)	11 October 1641	17 October 1702	22,285	7004222850000000000♠61 years, 6 days
61	Wilhelm Moritz II	Isenburg-Philippseich (HRE)	8 March 1711	7 March 1772	22,280	7004222800000000000♠60 years, 365 days
62	Christian Ernest	Stolberg-Wernigerode (HRE)	9 November 1710	25 October 1771	22,265	7004222650000000000♠60 years, 350 days
63	Adolf III	Schauenburg and Holstein (HRE)	6 July 1164	3 January 1225	22,096	7004220960000000000♠60 years, 181 days
64	Leopold Louis	Palatinate-Veldenz (HRE)	3 June 1634	29 September 1694	22,033	7004220330000000000♠60 years, 118 days
65	Pakubuwono XII	Surakarta (Indonesia)	11 June 1944	11 June 2004	21,915	7004219150000000000♠60 years, 0 days^[15]
66	Johann Jakob I	Waldburg-Zeil (HRE)	4 May 1614^{[note 16]}	18 April 1674	21,899	7004218990000000000♠59 years, 349 days
67	Gustav Adolph	Mecklenburg-Güstrow (HRE)	23 April 1636	6 October 1695	21,715	7004217150000000000♠59 years, 166 days
68	George Frederick I	Brandenburg-Ansbach (HRE)	27 December 1543	25 April 1603	21,669	7004216690000000000♠59 years, 119 days
69	Charles I	Hesse-Kassel (HRE)	1 December 1670	23 March 1730	21,661	7004216610000000000♠59 years, 112 days
70	Abdul Halim	Kedah Sultanate (Malaysia)	14 July 1958	11 September 2017	22,052	7004216090000000000♠59 years, 59 days
71	Barnim I	Pomerania-Stettin (HRE)	23 January 1220	13 December 1278	21,509	7004215090000000000♠58 years, 324 days
72	Philip	Hesse-Philippsthal (HRE)	16 July 1663	18 June 1721	21,156	7004211560000000000♠57 years, 337 days
73	Philip I	Nassau-Weilburg (HRE)	20 September 1371	2 July 1429	21,104	7004211040000000000♠57 years, 285 days
74	Philip I	Hesse (HRE)	11 July 1509	31 March 1567	21,082	7004210820000000000♠57 years, 263 days

Monarchs whose exact dates of rule are unknown

These monarchs are grouped according to length of reign by year in whole numbers. Within each year-grouping, they appear in historical order. In a given year, there may have been a wide array of actual reign lengths based on days. Thus, this table does not present a pure ranking of monarchs. The list is limited to those that might reasonably be expected to lie within the range of those in the table above.

Rank	Name	Country	Reign		Duration (approx. years)
Rank	Name	Country	from	to	Duration (approx. years)
1^{[note 17]}	Pepi II Neferkare^{[note 18]}	Ancient Egypt	2278 BC	2184 BC	94 years94 years (disputed)
2	Taejo	Goguryeo (Korea)	53	146	93 years93 years (disputed)
3	Ermanaric the Ostrogoth	Oium	296 (disputed)	376	80 years (disputed)
4	Mahanyod	Hariphunchai (Thailand)	670	750	80 years
5	Raja Sawai Basavalinga I	Sundem (India)	1763	1843	80 years
6	Jangsu	Goguryeo (Korea)	413	491	78 years
7	Mirian III	Kingdom of Iberia	268 or 284	345 or 361	77 years
8	Raisingh Deo	Patna (India)	1685	1762	77 years
9	Mohan Singh	Rajgarha (India)	1638	14 April 1714	76 years
10	Tai Wu	China (Shang)	1486 BC	1411 BC	75 years
11	Vakhtang Gorgasali	Kingdom of Iberia	447	522	75 years
12	Johann Philipp^{[note 19]}	Stadion (HRE)	1666	1741	75 years
13	Sukhachain	Jind (India)	1676	1751	75 years
14	Yo-Tha	Hariphunchai (Thailand)	1197	1271	74 years
15	Wilhelm I	Sayn-Wittgenstein (HRE)	1494	1568	74 years
16	Fazl Ali Khan II Bahadur	Banganapalle (part of British Raj from 1858)	1686	1759	73 years
17	Zhao Tuo	Nanyue	208 BC	137 BC	71 years
18	Simon I	Lippe (HRE)	1273	1344	71 years
19	Heinrich VIII	Fürstenberg-Wolfach (HRE)	1419	30 November 1490	71 years
20	Pandukabhaya	Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka)	437 BC	367 BC	70 years
21	Ponhea Yat	Khmer Empire (Cambodia)	1393	1463	70 years
22	Johann Ulrich	Stadion (HRE)	1530	1600	70 years
23	Muhtarram Shah Kator The First	Chitral (India)	1585	1655	70 years
24	Shapur II^{[note 20]}	Persian Empire, Sassanid Dynasty	March 310	379	69 years
25	Huan	Qi (China)	636 BC	567 BC	69 years
26	Tshudpud Namgyal	Sikkim (part of British Raj from 1858)	1793	1863	69 years
27	Alberto Azzo II	Este and Milan	1029	20 August 1097	68 years
28	Louis XIII	Oettingen-Wallerstein (HRE)	1449	1517	68 years
29	Malojirao III	Mudhol (India)	1737	1805	68 years
30	Sultan Mahmud Shah II	Perak (Malaysia)	1653	1720	67 years
31	Johann III	Sponheim-Starkenburg (HRE)	1331	1398	67 years
32	Ramesses II	Ancient Egypt	1279 BC	1213 BC	66 years
33	Pharnavaz I	Kingdom of Iberia	302 BC	237 BC	65 years
34	Nandivarman II	Pallava Empire (India)	731	796	65 years
35	Sagramji I Kumbhoji	Gondal (India)	1648	1713	65 years
36	Mahmud III	Mali Empire	1496	1559	65 years
37	Zhao	Song (China)	468 BC	404 BC	64 years
38	Khuman III	Udaipur (India)	878	942	64 years
39	Amoghavarsha	Rashtrakuta Empire (India)	814	878	64 years
40	Friedrich IV	Castell (HRE)	1285	1349	64 years
41	Zhuang I	Qi (China)	794 BC	731 BC	63 years
42	Friedrich II	Salm-Neuweiler (HRE)	1610	1673	63 years
43	Nicolas Leopold I	Salm-Hoogstraat (HRE)	1707	1770	63 years
44	Jayavarman VIII	Khmer Empire (Cambodia)	1243	1295	63 years
45	Ibrahim Ali Khan	Tonk (British Raj)	1867	23 June 1930	63 years
46	Philipp Ernst	Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (HRE)	1697	1759	62 years
47	Karl	Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn-Altenkirchen (HRE)	1741	1803	62 years
48	Franz Wilhelm	Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim (HRE)	1673	1734	61 years
49	Bhavsinhji I Ratanji	Bhavnagar (India)	1703	1764	61 years
50	Cynan Garwyn	Kingdom of Powys (Wales)	550	610	60c. 60 years
51	Aescwine	Kingdom of Essex	527	587	60 yearsc. 60 years
52	Pawl	Glywysing (Wales)	480	540	60 yearsc. 60 years
53	Mutasiva	Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka)	367 BC	307 BC	60 years
54	Sophie	Bar (HRE)	1033	1093	60 years
55	Friedrich I	Salm-Blankenburg (HRE)	1210	1270	60 years
56	Heinrich III	Henneberg-Aschach-Römhild (HRE)	1292	1352	60 years
57	Heinrich II	Salm-Blankenburg (HRE)	1301	1361	60 years
58	Otto I	Solms-Braunfels (HRE)	1349	1409	60 years
59	Ludwig	Salm-Blankenburg (HRE)	1443	1503	60 years
60	Mayadunne	Sitawaka (Sri Lanka)	1521	1581	60 years
61	Vanghoji II Jagpalrao Nimbalkar	Phaltan (India)	1570	1630	60 years
62	Hu	Chen (China)	1045 BC	986 BC	59 years
63	Guilhem III	Toulouse	978	1037	59 years
64	Otto I	Salm-Kyrburg (HRE)	October 1548	7 June 1607	59 years
65	Nan	China (Zhou)	314 BC	256 BC	58 years
66	Harald I	Norway	872	930	58 years c. 58 years
67	Heinrich II	Baden-Hachberg (HRE)	1231	1289	58 years
68	Jayaba Mukne	Jawhar (India)	1342	1400	58 years
69	Heinrich V	Henneberg-Schleusingen (HRE)	1347	1405	58 years
70	Nikolaus III	Tecklenburg (HRE)	1450	1508	58 years
71	Mulraj II	Jaisalmer State (India)	1762	1820	58 years
72	Muhammad Shafi ud-din II	Sambas (Borneo)	1866	1924	58 years
73	Maredydd ap Rhain	Kingdom of Dyfed (Wales)	740	797	57 yearsc. 57 years
74	Jing	Qi (China)	547 BC	490 BC	57 years
75	Mithridates VI	Pontus	120 BC	63 BC	57 years
76	Vseslav of Polotsk	Polotsk	1044	1101	57 years
77	Roger II	Foix (France)	1067	1124	57 years
78	Bernhard I	Bentheim-Bentheim (HRE)	1364	1421	57 years
79	Yi Hham Hka	Kengtung (Burma)	1403	1460	57 years
80	Ernst II	Oettingen-Wallerstein (HRE)	1613^{[note 21]}	3 March 1670	57 years
81	Johannes	Waldburg-Waldsee (HRE)	1667	1724	57 years
82	Adolf Ludwig Wilhelm	Sayn-Wittgenstein-Karlsburg (HRE)	1749	1806	57 years
83	Jashwant Singh	Nabha (India)	December 1783	21 May 1840	57 years

Notes

^ This length of reign applies only to the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, as all of the other countries Elizabeth II is at present queen of had yet to gain independence at the time of her accession.

^ Served as Regent for his father, the Taishō Emperor, from 29 November 1921 until his formal accession.

^ Longest de jure ruler of China, although the Qianlong Emperor held longer de facto power.

^ Longest de facto ruler of China, although the Kangxi Emperor held longer de jure power.

^ He was proclaimed king at the age of four months, and his grandmother, Labotsibeni Mdluli, acted as regent until 22 December 1921 and then formally transferred all monarchial power to Sobhuza II: Swaziland National Trust Commission website, retrieved 29 August 2008. Some sources take the date of succession as the date on which his grandmother handed over the royal duties to him, not when he was proclaimed king. Swaziland became independent from the United Kingdom in 1968.

^ Heinrich XI succeeded to the throne as Count of Reuss-Obergreiz in 1723 on the death of his brother, Heinrich IX (all male members of the family were named Heinrich in order of birth, even across cousins). In 1778 he became the first Prince of Reuss Elder Line.

^ Count Johann Ludwig was born posthumously, after the death of his father Count Johann II on 25 July 1472; he succeeded to the throne at birth.

^ Acceded to the Union of India on 15 August 1947. Merged Kapurthala into the Patiala and Eastern Punjab States Union (PEPSU) on 5 May 1948, relinquished his sovereign powers with effect from 20 August. Rajpramukh of the PEPSU from 5 May 1948 until his death on 17 June 1949

^ Holy Roman Emperor as Frederick III 1452–1493.

^ Eleanor was Duchess of Aquitaine in her own right, although medieval law dictated that her various husbands (Louis VII of France, Henry II of England) and sons (Richard I and John of England) reign with her jointly.

^ Merged his state into the United State of Kathiawad on 15 February 1948, but lived until 28 June 1954

^ Frederick Augustus I was known as Frederick Augustus III before 1806.

^ Philipp II ruled as co-ruler with his brother till 1442 when they divided their inheritances.

^ Ulrich V was Count of all Württemberg until its partition between Württemberg-Urach and Württemberg-Stuttgart in 1442. He continued as Count of the latter branch until his death in 1480.

^ Acceded to the Union of India on 14 August 1947, but retained sovereignty over his state until his death on 31 March 1948

^ Johann Jakob I succeeded as Truchsess (Archsteward), and was raised to the rank of Graf (Count) in 1628.

^ Japanese legendary emperors, according to the ancient Japanese calendar, ruled for very long terms of 60–70 years each. The longest ruler of the legendary emperors, Emperor Kōan, was claimed to have ruled for about 101 years. These figures are not included in the table because they are regarded as inaccurate by modern scholars.

^ Pepi II's figure has been disputed by some Egyptologists who favour a shorter reign length of 64 years, given the absence of attested dates known for Pepi after his 31st Count, which would equate to 62 years assuming the count to be biennial. Others point however to the consistency between the existing historical sources all crediting Pepi with over 90 years of reign. Finally, the lack of evidence beyond his 62nd year does not preclude a much longer reign, especially in view of the decay of the Egyptian state into the chaos of the First Intermediate Period at the end of Pepi's reign.

^ Johann Philipp succeeded to the Lordship of Stadion at age 14 in 1666, was raised to Baron in 1686 and Reichsgraf (Count) in 1704.

^ Shapur II was crowned in utero: the crown was placed upon his mother's belly. This child, named Shapur, was therefore born king; the government was conducted by his mother and the magnates.

^ Ernst II ruled jointly with Friedrich VIII in the years 1602–13, but then ruled for 57 years as sole monarch.

References

^ ^a^b "Her Majesty the Queen". Retrieved 2018-06-07..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}

^ "Lakhtar - Indian Princely States".

^ Friedrich Wilhelm Trebge, Spuren im Land, Hohenleuben, 2005.

^ Thomas Gehrlein, Das Haus Reuß – Älterer und Jüngerer Linie, Börde Verlag 2006,
ISBN 978-3-9810315-3-9

^ "Rulers of Malaysian States".

^ "Tampin - Royal Ark".

^ "kapurth4". Retrieved 14 October 2016.

^ "porband3". Retrieved 14 October 2016.

^ "Partab3". Royalark.net. Retrieved 24 March 2012.

^ "Bundi – Indian Princely States". WorldStatesmen.org. Retrieved 17 September 2016.

^ "Tonk4". Royalark.net. Retrieved 24 March 2012.

^ "SHAHPURA3". Retrieved 14 October 2016.

^ "BANS3". Retrieved 14 October 2016.

^ "JIND4". Retrieved 14 October 2016.

^ Indonesian wikipedia: Pakubuwana_XII

[2] This length of reign applies only to the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, as all of the other countries Elizabeth II is at present queen of had yet to gain independence at the time of her accession.

[3] Served as Regent for his father, the Taishō Emperor, from 29 November 1921 until his formal accession.

[4] Longest de jure ruler of China, although the Qianlong Emperor held longer de facto power.

[5] Longest de facto ruler of China, although the Kangxi Emperor held longer de jure power.

[6] He was proclaimed king at the age of four months, and his grandmother, Labotsibeni Mdluli, acted as regent until 22 December 1921 and then formally transferred all monarchial power to Sobhuza II: Swaziland National Trust Commission website, retrieved 29 August 2008. Some sources take the date of succession as the date on which his grandmother handed over the royal duties to him, not when he was proclaimed king. Swaziland became independent from the United Kingdom in 1968.

[8] Heinrich XI succeeded to the throne as Count of Reuss-Obergreiz in 1723 on the death of his brother, Heinrich IX (all male members of the family were named Heinrich in order of birth, even across cousins). In 1778 he became the first Prince of Reuss Elder Line.

[13] Count Johann Ludwig was born posthumously, after the death of his father Count Johann II on 25 July 1472; he succeeded to the throne at birth.

[15] Acceded to the Union of India on 15 August 1947. Merged Kapurthala into the Patiala and Eastern Punjab States Union (PEPSU) on 5 May 1948, relinquished his sovereign powers with effect from 20 August. Rajpramukh of the PEPSU from 5 May 1948 until his death on 17 June 1949

[16] Holy Roman Emperor as Frederick III 1452–1493.

[20] Eleanor was Duchess of Aquitaine in her own right, although medieval law dictated that her various husbands (Louis VII of France, Henry II of England) and sons (Richard I and John of England) reign with her jointly.

[21] Merged his state into the United State of Kathiawad on 15 February 1948, but lived until 28 June 1954

[22] Frederick Augustus I was known as Frederick Augustus III before 1806.

[23] Philipp II ruled as co-ruler with his brother till 1442 when they divided their inheritances.

[27] Ulrich V was Count of all Württemberg until its partition between Württemberg-Urach and Württemberg-Stuttgart in 1442. He continued as Count of the latter branch until his death in 1480.

[29] Acceded to the Union of India on 14 August 1947, but retained sovereignty over his state until his death on 31 March 1948

[31] Johann Jakob I succeeded as Truchsess (Archsteward), and was raised to the rank of Graf (Count) in 1628.

[32] Japanese legendary emperors, according to the ancient Japanese calendar, ruled for very long terms of 60–70 years each. The longest ruler of the legendary emperors, Emperor Kōan, was claimed to have ruled for about 101 years. These figures are not included in the table because they are regarded as inaccurate by modern scholars.

[33] Pepi II's figure has been disputed by some Egyptologists who favour a shorter reign length of 64 years, given the absence of attested dates known for Pepi after his 31st Count, which would equate to 62 years assuming the count to be biennial. Others point however to the consistency between the existing historical sources all crediting Pepi with over 90 years of reign. Finally, the lack of evidence beyond his 62nd year does not preclude a much longer reign, especially in view of the decay of the Egyptian state into the chaos of the First Intermediate Period at the end of Pepi's reign.

[34] Johann Philipp succeeded to the Lordship of Stadion at age 14 in 1666, was raised to Baron in 1686 and Reichsgraf (Count) in 1704.

[35] Shapur II was crowned in utero: the crown was placed upon his mother's belly. This child, named Shapur, was therefore born king; the government was conducted by his mother and the magnates.

[36] Ernst II ruled jointly with Friedrich VIII in the years 1602–13, but then ruled for 57 years as sole monarch.

[Elizabeth-1] "Her Majesty the Queen". Retrieved 2018-06-07..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}

[7] "Lakhtar - Indian Princely States".

[9] Friedrich Wilhelm Trebge, Spuren im Land, Hohenleuben, 2005.

[10] Thomas Gehrlein, Das Haus Reuß – Älterer und Jüngerer Linie, Börde Verlag 2006,
ISBN 978-3-9810315-3-9

[11] "Rulers of Malaysian States".

[12] "Tampin - Royal Ark".

[14] "kapurth4". Retrieved 14 October 2016.

[17] "porband3". Retrieved 14 October 2016.

[18] "Partab3". Royalark.net. Retrieved 24 March 2012.

[19] "Bundi – Indian Princely States". WorldStatesmen.org. Retrieved 17 September 2016.

[24] "Tonk4". Royalark.net. Retrieved 24 March 2012.

[25] "SHAHPURA3". Retrieved 14 October 2016.

[26] "BANS3". Retrieved 14 October 2016.

[28] "JIND4". Retrieved 14 October 2016.

[30] Indonesian wikipedia: Pakubuwana_XII

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List of longest-reigning monarchs

Contents

Sovereign monarchs with verifiable reigns by exact date

Dependent or constituent monarchs with verifiable reigns by exact date

Monarchs whose exact dates of rule are unknown

See also

Notes

References

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