Sisak
Sisak | ||
|---|---|---|
City | ||
Grad Sisak City of Sisak | ||
     Top: Old bridge over the Kupa river; Center left: Antun Gustav Matoš monument; Center right: Sisak Fortress; Bottom left: Holland Storehouse; Bottom right: Roman ruins of Siscia | ||
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  Sisak Location of Sisak within Croatia | ||
| Coordinates: 45°28′13.74″N 16°23′10.04″E / 45.4704833°N 16.3861222°E / 45.4704833; 16.3861222Coordinates: 45°28′13.74″N 16°23′10.04″E / 45.4704833°N 16.3861222°E / 45.4704833; 16.3861222 | ||
| Country |  Croatia | |
| County |  Sisak-Moslavina | |
| Government | ||
| • Mayor | Kristina Ikić Baniček[1] (SDP) | |
| • City Council | 25 members
| |
| Area | ||
| • City | 422.75 km2 (163.22 sq mi) | |
| • Metro | 989.50 km2 (382.05 sq mi) | |
| Elevation | 98 m (321.52 ft) | |
| Population (2011)[2] | ||
| • City | 47,768 | |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) | |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) | |
| Postal code | HR-44 000, HR-44 010 | |
| Area code | +385 44 | |
| Vehicle registration | SK | |
| Patron saints | Quirinus of Sescia | |
| Website | www.sisak.hr | |
Sisak (Croatian: [sǐːsak]; Hungarian: Sziszek [ˈsisɛk]; also known by other alternative names) is a city and episcopal see in central Croatia, located at the confluence of the Kupa, Sava and Odra rivers, 57 km (35 mi) southeast of the Croatian capital Zagreb, and is usually considered to be where the Posavina (Sava basin) begins, with an elevation of 99 m. The city's total population in 2011 was 47,768 of which 33,322 live in the urban settlement (naselje).[3]
Sisak is the administrative centre of the Sisak-Moslavina County, Croatia's biggest river port and a centre of river shipping industry (Dunavski Lloyd). It lies on the main road Zagreb-Sisak-Petrinja (M12.2) and the railroad Zagreb-Sisak-Sunja. Sisak is a regional economic, cultural and historical center. The largest oil refinery in Croatia is located here.[4]
Contents
1 Name
2 History
2.1 Roman empire
2.2 Middle Ages
2.3 Early modern
2.4 Modern
2.5 Contemporary
3 Population
4 Municipal makeup
5 Miscellaneous
6 Geography
6.1 Climate
7 International relations
7.1 Twin towns — Sister cities
8 See also
9 References
9.1 Bibliography
9.2 Notes
10 External links
Name
Prior to belonging to the Roman Empire, which gave it the Latin name Siscia, the region was Celtic and Illyrian and the city there was named Segestica[5] or Segesta.[6] Writers in Greek referred to the city as Ancient Greek: Σισκία, translit. Siskía, Σεγέστα Segésta, and Σεγεστική Segestikḗ.[6]
In German the town is known as Sissek, in Hungarian as Sziszek, Latin as Siscia and in Kajkavian and Slovene as Sisek.
History
Roman empire
Vetranio coin struck at Siscia mint in 350.
Siscia is described by Roman writers as a great town in the south of Upper Pannonia, on the southern bank of the Savus, on an island formed by that river and two others, the Colapis and Odra, a canal dug by Tiberius completing the island.[6] It was situated on the great road from Aemona to Sirmium.[7] According to Pliny the name Segestica belonged only to the island, and the town was called Siscia; while Strabo says that Siscia was a fort in the neighbourhood of Segestica;[8] but if this was so, it must be supposed that subsequently the fort and town became united as one place. Siscia was from the first a strongly fortified town; and after its capture by Tiberius, in the reign of Augustus,[9] it became one of the most important places of Pannonia; for being situated on two navigable rivers, it not only carried on considerable commerce,[10] but became the central point from which Augustus and Tiberius carried on their undertakings against the Pannonians and Illyrians. Tiberius did much to enlarge and embellish the town, which as early as that time seems to have been made a colonia, for Pliny mentions it as such: in the time of Septimius Severus it received fresh colonists, whence in inscriptions it is called Col. Septimia Siscia. The town contained an imperial mint, which produced coins under a series of emperors between 262 and 383 AD.[11]
The Christian martyr Quirinus of Sescia, presumed the first bishop of the Diocese of Sescia, was tortured and nearly killed during Diocletian's persecution of Christians. Legend has it that they tied him to a millstone and threw him into a river, but he freed himself from the weight, escaped and continued to preach his faith. Today he is the patron saint of Sisak. When Diocletian split Pannonia into four provinces, Siscia became the capital of Pannonia Savia, the southwestern one, for which Siscia contained the treasury; at the same time it was the station of the small fleet kept on the Savus. Siscia maintained its importance until Sirmium began to rise, for in proportion as Sirmium rose, Siscia sank and declined.[6]
Middle Ages
Braslav of Lower Pannonia reigned from Sisak until he was killed in the Hungarian invasion ca. 898.[12] According to Historia Salonitana, Duke Tomislav reclaimed it soon after.[13][14]
Early modern
Veliki Kaptol
The 16th-century triangular fortress of the Old Town, well-preserved and turned into the Native Museum, is the main destination of every tourist. The fortress is famous for the victory of the joint forces of Croats, Austrians and Carniolans (Slovenes) over the Ottomans in 1593, known as the Battle of Sisak. It was one of the early significant defeats of the up-to-then invincible Ottoman army on European territory. The Croatian Ban Thomas Erdődy who led the defense in this battle became famous throughout Europe. The Baroque palace of Mali Kaptol, the classicist Veliki Kaptol, the brick Stari most ("Old Bridge") over the Kupa, and the ethnological park are the most frequently visited landmarks.
Modern
In the late 19th and early 20th century, Sisak was a district capital in the Zagreb County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia.
Contemporary
From 1929-39, Sisak was part of the Sava Banovina and from 1939-41 of the Banovina of Croatia within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
During World War II, Sisak children's concentration camp was set up by the Croatian Axis Ustaše government for Serbian, Jewish and Romani children. It is estimated that 1,152–2,000 children were killed in the camp.[15]
With the outbreak of the Croatian War in 1991, Sisak remained in Government hands while the territory to the south was controlled by rebelled Serbs. During the war, the Serb forces often shelled the city, causing dozens of civilian casualties and extensive damage to the city's industry.[16] The war ended with the Operation Storm (1995).[citation needed]
Population
| Historical population of Sisak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1857 | 15,738 | — |
| 1869 | 18,669 | +18.6% |
| 1880 | 24,433 | +30.9% |
| 1890 | 38,181 | +56.3% |
| 1900 | 51,821 | +35.7% |
| 1910 | 73,831 | +42.5% |
| 1921 | 102,912 | +39.4% |
| 1931 | 138,414 | +34.5% |
| 1948 | 11,293 | −91.8% |
| 1953 | 12,921 | +14.4% |
| 1961 | 26,821 | +107.6% |
| 1971 | 39,633 | +47.8% |
| 1981 | 65,822 | +66.1% |
| 1991 | 78,531 | +19.3% |
| 2001 | 85,212 | +8.5% |
| 2011 | 88,768 | +4.2% |
| Source: Naselja i stanovništvo Republike Hrvatske 1857–2001, DZS, Zagreb, 2005 & Popis stanovništva 2011 | ||
In the 2011 census, of the total population of 47,768 there were 40,590 Croats (84.97%), 3,071 Serbs (6.43%), 1,646 Bosniaks (3.45%), 648 Romani (1.36%), 179 Albanians (0.37%), 29 Montenegrins (0.06%), and the rest were other ethnicities.
In the 2011 census, the population by religion was 37,319 Roman Catholics (78.13%; since 2009 again served by their own Diocese of Sisak), 3,279 Orthodox Christians (6.86%), 2,442 Muslims (5.11%) and others.
Municipal makeup
The city's administrative area is composed of the following settlements:[2]
Blinjski Kut, population 278
Budaševo, population 1,660
Bukovsko, population 89
Crnac, population 553
Čigoč, population 97
Donje Komarevo, population 322
Gornje Komarevo, population 508
Greda, population 861
Gušće, population 387
Hrastelnica, population 898
Jazvenik, population 142
Klobučak, population 68
Kratečko, population 200
Letovanci, population 52
Lonja, population 111
Lukavec Posavski, population 127
Madžari, population 235
Mužilovčica, population 74
Novo Pračno, population 444
Novo Selo, population 624
Novo Selo Palanječko, population 517
Odra Sisačka, population 814
Palanjek, population 318
Prelošćica, population 528
Sela, population 969- Sisak, population 33,049
Stara Drenčina, population 223
Staro Pračno, population 896
Staro Selo, population 110
Stupno, population 480
Suvoj, population 42
Topolovac, population 894
Veliko Svinjičko, population 271
Vurot, population 102
Žabno, population 509
Miscellaneous
Steam locomotive in front of the Sisak railway station
Chief occupations are farming, ferrous metallurgy (iron works), chemicals, leather (footwear), textiles and food processing plants (dairy products, alcoholic beverages), building material, crude oil refinery and thermal power.
Sisak features the largest metallurgic factory and the largest oil refinery in Croatia. Sisak has many rich mineral springs (spas) with healing properties in the temperature range from 42 to 54 °C (108 to 129 °F).
The city hosts University of Zagreb's Faculty of Metallurgy.
Sports and recreation facilities in the town and the surroundings include mainly the waters and alluvial plains a public beach on the Kupa. All rivers (Kupa, Odra, Sava) with their backwaters offer fishing opportunities. There are hunting grounds in the regions of Turopolje and Posavina. Sisak is the starting point for sightseeing tours into Lonjsko Polje (Field of Lonja river) nature park. The local football club is HNK Segesta. Sisak features the oldest ice hockey club in Croatia, KHL Sisak est. 1934.[citation needed]
Geography
Climate
| Climate data for Sisak (1971–2000, extremes 1949–2014) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 21.4 (70.5) | 23.4 (74.1) | 27.4 (81.3) | 31.1 (88.0) | 34.3 (93.7) | 38.1 (100.6) | 39.8 (103.6) | 40.0 (104.0) | 34.9 (94.8) | 29.6 (85.3) | 25.0 (77.0) | 23.7 (74.7) | 40.0 (104.0) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 3.7 (38.7) | 6.8 (44.2) | 12.2 (54.0) | 16.7 (62.1) | 21.9 (71.4) | 24.8 (76.6) | 27.0 (80.6) | 26.6 (79.9) | 22.4 (72.3) | 16.2 (61.2) | 9.1 (48.4) | 4.7 (40.5) | 16.0 (60.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.5 (32.9) | 2.4 (36.3) | 6.8 (44.2) | 11.2 (52.2) | 16.2 (61.2) | 19.4 (66.9) | 21.2 (70.2) | 20.4 (68.7) | 16.1 (61.0) | 10.8 (51.4) | 5.3 (41.5) | 1.5 (34.7) | 11.0 (51.8) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −3.1 (26.4) | −2.0 (28.4) | 1.5 (34.7) | 5.4 (41.7) | 9.9 (49.8) | 13.1 (55.6) | 14.7 (58.5) | 14.3 (57.7) | 10.5 (50.9) | 6.1 (43.0) | 1.6 (34.9) | −1.7 (28.9) | 5.9 (42.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −25.2 (−13.4) | −25 (−13) | −18.4 (−1.1) | −5 (23) | −2.3 (27.9) | 1.9 (35.4) | 5.4 (41.7) | 3.9 (39.0) | −1.8 (28.8) | −7.2 (19.0) | −15.6 (3.9) | −19.2 (−2.6) | −25.2 (−13.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 49.0 (1.93) | 48.2 (1.90) | 55.0 (2.17) | 69.4 (2.73) | 79.4 (3.13) | 94.7 (3.73) | 80.2 (3.16) | 77.8 (3.06) | 84.5 (3.33) | 78.7 (3.10) | 91.1 (3.59) | 68.3 (2.69) | 876.1 (34.49) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 11.7 | 10.9 | 11.6 | 13.8 | 13.0 | 13.8 | 10.9 | 10.1 | 11.5 | 12.3 | 12.0 | 12.4 | 143.9 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) | 11.8 | 8.4 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.5 | 8.3 | 34.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 85.0 | 78.7 | 71.3 | 68.5 | 69.8 | 71.1 | 71.1 | 74.9 | 79.9 | 82.8 | 85.8 | 87.3 | 77.2 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 52.7 | 93.2 | 142.6 | 174.0 | 235.6 | 246.0 | 285.2 | 257.3 | 186.0 | 114.7 | 54.0 | 43.4 | 1,884.7 |
| Source: Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service[17][18] | |||||||||||||
International relations
Sisak oil refinery
Twin towns — Sister cities
Sisak is twinned with:
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See also
- Sisak (eponym)
- List of people from Sisak
- Roman Catholic Diocese of Sisak
References
Bibliography
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Cresswell, Peterjon; Atkins, Ismay; Dunn, Lily (10 July 2006). Time Out Croatia (First ed.). London, Berkeley & Toronto: Time Out Group Ltd & Ebury Publishing, Random House Ltd. 20 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London SV1V 2SA. ISBN 978-1-904978-70-1. Retrieved 10 March 2010..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
Notes
^ "2013 Lokalni". Izbori.hr. Retrieved 2015-12-08.
^ ab "Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements, 2011 Census: Sisak". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012.
^ "Državni zavod za statistiku Republike Hrvatske". Dzs.hr. Retrieved 2015-12-08.
^ [1] Archived 1 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
^ John T. Koch (2006). Celtic Culture. p. 1662. ISBN 1-85109-440-7.
^ abcd
Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Siscia". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.
^ It. Ant. pp. 259, 260, 265, 266, 272, 274; Pliny. Naturalis Historia. 3.28.
^ Strabo. Geographica. vii. p.314. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
^ Appian, The Illyrian Wars, 16, 23.
^ Strabo. Geographica. v. pp. 207, 214. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
^ "Details for issuing mint located at Siscia (Sisak, Croatia)". Finds.org.uk. 1999-02-22. Retrieved 2015-12-08.
^ John Van Antwerp Fine; John V. A. Fine, Jr. (2006). When Ethnicity Did Not Matter in the Balkans. University of Michigan Press. p. 28. ISBN 0-472-11414-X.
^ John Van Antwerp Fine; John V. A. Fine, Jr. (2006). When Ethnicity Did Not Matter in the Balkans. University of Michigan Press. p. 178. ISBN 0-472-11414-X.
^ Stanko Guldescu (1964). History of Medieval Croatia. Mouton. p. 113.
^ "Sisak: Srbi traže da logor za djecu uđe u udžbenike". Glassrpske.com. Retrieved 2015-12-08.
^ "11 kaznenih prijava za razaranje Siska". Jutarnji list (in Croatian). 27 January 2007. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
^ "Sisak Climate Normals" (PDF). Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
^ "Mjesečne vrijednosti za Sisak u razdoblju1949−2014" (in Croatian). Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
^ "Twin Towns". Gabrovo.bg. Archived from the original on 2 August 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Siscia". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.
External links
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sisak. |
 | Wikisource has the text of the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia article Croatia. |
- Official website
- Sisak News Portal
- Radio Sisak - Hometown radio station
- Sisak Tourism
- Photo Gallery of Sisak
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Sissek". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Sissek". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.Cities and towns of Croatia by population | ||
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