Pesukei dezimra




Pesukei dezimra (Hebrew: .mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-size:1.15em;font-family:"Ezra SIL","Ezra SIL SR","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey Ashkenaz","Taamey David CLM","Taamey Frank CLM","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli","SBL BibLit","SBL Hebrew",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}פְסוּקֵי דְּזִמְרָא‬, P'suqế dh'zimra "Verses of Praise") or zemirot, as they are called in the Spanish and Portuguese tradition, are a group of praises that may be recited daily during Jewish morning services. They consist of various blessings, psalms, and sequences of verses. Historically, pesukei dezimra was a practice of only the especially pious. However, it has since become a widespread custom among even the laymen in all of the various rites of Jewish prayer.[1]


The purpose of pesukei dezimra is so an individual will recite praises of God prior to making requests of God in prayer which take place later during Shacharit and throughout the day.[2]




Contents






  • 1 Origin


  • 2 Order


    • 2.1 Ashkenazi


    • 2.2 Sephardi/Mizrahi




  • 3 Shabbat/Yom Tov additions


  • 4 Do women recite Pesukei Dezimra?


  • 5 External links


  • 6 References





Origin


The first source for Pesukei Dezimra is in the Babylonian Talmud, Shabbat 118b, illustrating it is not an obligation ("May my portion be"):


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Rabbi Jose said: "May my portion be among those who complete Hallel every day."
- Is this possible? For the master has said: "He who reads Hallel every day is a curser and blasphemer!"
- It (Rabbi Jose's statement) is said regarding Pesukei Dezimra.


Babylonian Talmud, Berakhot 32b alludes to the name "verses of praise", real prayer (tefillah) comes later:[3]



A person should first recount the praise of the Holy One, blessed be He, and then pray


Later commentaries to this line explain what Pesukei Dezimra consists of: Rashi said it means Psalms 148 and 150, while Meiri said it means all of Psalms 145-150. Nowadays, it is customary for Pesukei Dezimra to include Psalms 145-150 as well as several other psalms and recitations.


For a long time, these prayers remained optional. But Maimonides said that prayer should be recited in an upbeat mood, and as a result, these prayers became a part of the regular service. Maimonides also said that these prayers should be recited slowly and wholeheartedly, and that rushing through them as many who recite them daily do defeats their purpose.[4]



Order



Ashkenazi



  • Psalm 30

  • Baruch Sheamar

  • Songs of thanksgiving


  • Psalm 100 (omitted on Shabbat, Yom Tov, Erev Yom Kippur, Erev Passover, and Chol Hamoed Passover)

  • The following psalms are recited on Shabbat, Yom Tov, and Hoshanah Rabbah only: 19, 34, 90, 91, 135, 136, 33, 92, and 93

  • Yehi Kivod


  • Hallel (Pesukei Dezimra) (Ashrei and psalms 145-150)

  • Baruch Hashem L'Olam

  • Vayivarech David

  • Ata Hu Hashem L'Vadecha

  • Az Yashir


  • Nishmat (Shabbat and Yom Tov only)


  • Shochein Ad (Shabbat and Yom Tov only)

  • Yishtabach



Sephardi/Mizrahi



  • Songs of thanksgiving

  • Psalm 30

  • The following psalms are recited on Shabbat, and Yom Tov only: 19, 33, 90, 91, 98

  • On Yom Tov, the psalm for each holiday is recited: On Passover, 107; On Shavuot, 68; on Sukkot, 42 and 43; on Shemini Atzeret, 12

  • The following psalms are recited on Shabbat, and Yom Tov only: 121, 122, 123, 124, 135, 136,

  • Baruch Sheamar


  • 92 and 93 (recited on Shabbat, and Yom Tov only)


  • Psalm 100 (recited on Erev Yom Kippur and Erev Passover, omitted on Shabbat and Yom Tov)

  • Yehi Kivod


  • Hallel (Pesukei Dezimra) (Ashrei and psalms 145-150)

  • Baruch Hashem L'Olam

  • Vayivarech David

  • Ata Hu Hashem L'Vadecha

  • Az Yashir


  • Nishmat (Shabbat and Yom Tov only)


  • Shav'at Aniyim (Shabbat and Yom Tov only)

  • Yishtabach



Shabbat/Yom Tov additions


Main articles: Nishmat and Shochen Ad

On Shabbat, holidays of Biblical origin, and Hoshana Rabbah, various psalms are added between Hodu and Yehi Khevod. The reason for additions is that no one has to rush off to work on these days, thereby allowing extra time for praise.[5]


Ashkenazi Judaism includes the following psalms in the following order: 19, 33, 34, 90, 91, 135, 136, 92, and 93.[6]:142


Sephardic Judaism includes the following psalms in the following order: 103, 19, 33, 90, 91, 98, 121, 122, 123, 124, 135, 136, 92, and 93.[6]:142


On Shabbat and Yom Tov, Nishmat is inserted between the Song of the sea and the closing blessing.


Following Nishmat, Shochein Ad is inserted. On Shabbat, the chazzan is changed prior to the recitation of Shochein Ad. On Yom Tov, this occurs one paragraph earlier (Hakel B'Tzatzumot). On High Holidays, the new chazzan takes over at the word Hamelekh ("the King").



Do women recite Pesukei Dezimra?


There are questions in orthodox circles as to whether women are required or even permitted to recite Pesukei Dezimra, given that it is considered by some to be a timebound commandment. The opinions either require women to recite it completely, prohibit its recitation among women, allow but not require its recitation, or allow its recitation but prohibit Barukh She'amar and Yishtabach from being recited.


Ashkenazi Judaism considers Pesukei Dezimra to be an obligation on the basis that it is not timebound, and it can be recited at any time of day.[7]:170


Opinions in Sephardic Judaism are divided.[7]:171 Some opinions allow women to recite Pesukei Dezimra without its accompanying blessings.[7]:184



External links




  • Pesukei D'Zmira explainer video at BimBam.com


  • Pesukei d’Zimrah HaRav Eliezer Melamed



References





  1. ^ Melamed, Eliezer (2011). Peninei Halacha: Laws of Prayer. Maggid/Yeshivat Har Bracha. ISBN 9781613290330..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ The Complete Artscroll Siddur, page 58


  3. ^ Freeman (editor), Raphael; Miller (publisher), Matthew; Sacks (introduction & commentary), Sir Jonathan (2009). [Sidur Ḳoren] = The Koren siddur [Nusaḥ Ashkenaz] (American ed.--1st bilingual ed.--Compact ed.). Jerusalem: Koren Publishers. pp. 62 ff. ISBN 9789653011465.CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)


  4. ^ To pray as a Jew: a vto the prayer book and the synagogue service By Hayim Halevy Donin, page 169


  5. ^ To pray as a Jew: a guide to the prayer book and the synagogue service By Hayim Halevy Donin, page 178


  6. ^ ab Holladay, William L. (1996). The Psalms Through Three Thousand Years: Prayerbook of a Cloud of Witnesses. Augsburg Fortress. ISBN 978-0-8006-3014-0.


  7. ^ abc Ellinson, G. (1992). The modest way: a guide to the rabbinic sources. Philipp Feldheim. ISBN 978-1-58330-148-7.










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