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E-Road Network over 1990 borders

Approximate extent of completed motorway network in Europe as of May 2014

The international E-road network is a numbering system for roads in Europe developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). The network is numbered from E 1 up and its roads cross national borders. It also reaches Central Asian countries like Kyrgyzstan, since they are members of the UNECE.

European main international traffic arteries are defined by ECE/TRANS/SC.1/2016/3/Rev.1 which consider three types of roads: motorways, express roads, and ordinary roads.

In most countries, roads carry the European route designation beside national road numbers. Other countries like Belgium, Norway and Sweden have roads with exclusive European route signage (Examples: E 18 and E 6), while at the other end of the scale, British road signs do not show the routes at all. Denmark uses exclusive European routes, but uses also formal names for every motorway (or part of such), which the motorways are referred to, for instance in news and weather forecasts.

Other continents have similar international road networks, e.g., the Pan-American Highway in the Americas, the Trans-African Highway network, and the Asian Highway Network.

History

E3 in Denmark, before 1992: Changed to E45; the number E3 was re-attributed.

UNECE was formed in 1947, and their first major act to improve transport was a joint UN declaration no. 1264, the Declaration on the Construction of Main International Traffic Arteries,^[1]^[2] signed in Geneva on September 16, 1950, which defined the first E-road network. Originally it was envisaged that the E-road network would be a motorway system comparable to the US Interstate Highway System.^[3] The declaration was amended several times before November 15, 1975, when it was replaced by the European Agreement on Main International Traffic Arteries or "AGR",^[4] which set up a route numbering system and improved standards for roads in the list. The AGR last went through a major change in 1992 and in 2001 was extended into Central Asia to include the Caucausus nations.^[3] There were several minor revisions since, last in 2008 (as of 2009^[update]).

Numbering system

European Route Sign. This sign is used on the E 40.

Intersection of E 42 and E 451 near Frankfurt Airport

The route numbering system is as follows:^[4]

Reference roads and intermediate roads, called Class-A roads, have numbers from 1 to 129.
- North-south routes have odd numbers; east-west routes have even numbers.
- Numbers count upward from west to east and from north to south, with some exceptions.

Branch, link and connecting roads, called Class-B roads, have three-digit numbers above 130.

Reference roads are roads numbered 5-95 ending with 0 or 5 or having odd numbers 101-129. They generally go across Europe and are usually several thousand kilometres long.
- North-south reference roads have numbers that end with the digit 5 from 5 to 95, or odd numbers from 101 to 129, increasing from west to east.
- East-west reference roads have two-digit numbers that end with the digit 0, increasing from north to south.

Intermediate roads are roads numbered 1 to 99 that are not reference roads. They are usually considerably shorter than the reference roads. They have numbers between those of the reference roads between which they are located. Like reference roads, north-south intermediate roads have odd numbers; east-west roads have even numbers.

Class-B roads have three-digit numbers: the first digit is that of the nearest reference road to the north, the second digit is that of the nearest reference road to the west, and the third digit is a serial number.

North-south Class-A roads located eastwards of road E 99 have three-digit odd numbers from 101 to 129. Other rules for Class-A roads above apply to these roads.

Class-B roads located eastwards of E 101 have 3-digit numbers beginning with 0, from 001 to 099.

Exceptions

In the first established and approved version, the road numbers were well ordered. Since then a number of exceptions to this principle have been allowed.

Two Class-A roads, namely E 47 and E 55, have been allowed to retain their pre-1992 numbers, E 6 and E 4 respectively, within Sweden and Norway. These exceptions were granted because of the excessive expense connected with re-signing not only the long routes themselves, but also the associated road network in the area, since Sweden and Norway have integrated the E-roads into their national networks and they are signposted as any other national route. These roads maintain their new numbers from Denmark and southward, though, as do other European routes within Scandinavia.

Further exceptions are E 67, going from Finland to Czech Republic (wrong side of E 75 and E 77), assigned around year 2000, simply because it was best available number for this new route, most of E 63 in Finland (wrong side of E 75) E 8 in Finland (partly on the wrong side of E 12 after a lengthening around 2002) and E 82 (Spain and Portugal, wrong side of E 80). These irregularities exist just because it is hard to maintain good order when extending the network, and the UNECE does not want to change road numbers unnecessarily.

Because the Socialist People's Republic of Albania refused to participate in international treaties such as the AGR, it was conspicuously excluded from the route scheme, with E 65 and E 90 making noticeable detours to go around it. In the 1990s, Albania opened up to the rest of Europe, but only ratified the AGR in August 2006, so its integration into the E-road network remains weak.

Signage

E30

Where the European routes are signed, green signs with white numbers are used.

The E 201 in Ireland.

There are different strategies for determining how frequently to signpost the roads.

Sweden, Norway and Denmark have integrated the E-road numbers into their networks, meaning that the roads usually have no other national number.

In Belgium, E-numbers are traditionally associated with highways, even though other grade E-roads pass through the country. As a result, the E-number is signposted only on the highway portions of the E-road network, while for non-motorways only the national number (if any) is shown. Serbia has a similar principle.

In most of the countries the E-roads form a network on top of the national network. The green signs are frequent enough to show how to follow the roads, but do not usually show how to reach them.

In some countries, like Croatia, E-roads are well signposted, but they sometimes follow the old state routes instead of highways. State highways are signposted best.

In some countries, like Germany, Italy and Greece, E-roads are signposted only on motorways and main road itineraries.

In Ireland the signposting of E-roads is specified in Chapter 2 of the 2010 Traffic Signs Manual published by the Department of Transport, and specifies that E-roads are to be signed on route confirmation signs only.^[5] The first E-road numbers were signed in July 2007 on the N11 bypass in Gorey. Since then they have gradually spread across the E-road network in Ireland.

In a few countries, such as the United Kingdom^[6] and Uzbekistan, the E-roads are not signposted at all.

Road design standards

The following design standards should be applied to Euroroutes unless there are exceptional circumstances (such as mountain passes etc.):^[4]

Built-up areas shall be by-passed if they constitute a hindrance or a danger.

The roads should preferably be motorways or express roads (unless traffic density is low so that there is no congestion on an ordinary road).

They should be homogeneous and be designed for at least 80 km/h (50 mph) (see Design speed). Motorways for at least 100 km/h (60 mph).

Gradients should not exceed 8% on roads designed for 80 km/h (50 mph), decreasing to 4% on roads designed for 120 km/h (75 mph) traffic.

The radius of curved sections of road should be a minimum of 120 m (390 ft) on roads designed for 60 km/h (35 mph) rising to 1,000 m (3,300 ft) on roads designed for 140 km/h (85 mph).

"Stopping distance visibility" should be at least 70 m (230 ft) on roads designed for 60 km/h (35 mph), rising to 300 m (980 ft) on roads designed for 140 km/h (85 mph).

Lane width should be at least 3.5 m (11 ft) on straight sections of road. This guarantees adequate clearance for any vehicle having a superstructure of width 2.5 m (8.2 ft) which is the maximum specified width in Directive 2002/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council which recognize some specific tolerances for some specific countries.

The shoulder is recommended to be at least 2.5 m (8.2 ft) on ordinary roads and 3.25 m (10.7 ft) on motorways.

Central reservations should be at least 3 m (9.8 ft) unless there is a barrier between the two carriageways.

Overhead clearance should be not less than 4.5 m (15 ft).

Railway intersections should be at different levels.

These requirements are meant to be followed for road construction. When new E-roads have been added these requirements have not been followed stringently. For example, the E 45 in Sweden, added in 2006, has long parts with 6 m (20 ft) width or the E 22 in eastern Europe forcing drivers to slow down to 30 km/h (20 mph) by taking the route through villages. In Norway, parts of the E 10 are 5 m (16 ft) wide and in Central Asia some gravel roads have even been included.

Cultural significance

In Belgium, for example, motorway E-numbers have taken on the same kind of persistent cultural integration and significance as M-numbers in the UK, or Interstate numbers in the United States. Local businesses will refer to, or even incorporate the road designator in their business name. The annual road cycling race "E3 Harelbeke" takes part of its name from the former E03 (the part between Antwerp and Lille was renamed E17 in 1992).

List of roads

Notes to the listings

In the road listings below,^[4] a dash ('–') indicates a land road connection between two towns/cities—the normal case—while an ellipsis ('…') denotes a stretch across water. There aren't ferry connections at all of these places and operating ferry connections are usually run by private companies without support from the respective governments, i.e. may cease operating at any time.

A Class roads

The E-road network in Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan. However, the border between Armenia and Azerbaijan is closed due to strained relations between Armenia and Azerbaijan.

The E-road network in Belarus.

The E-road network in Belgium.

The E-road network in Bulgaria.

Main and E-roads in Estonia.

The E-road network in Finland.

The E-road network in Georgia.

The E-road network in Germany.

The E-road network in Lithuania.

The E-road network in the Netherlands.

The E-road network in Poland.

The E-road network in Romania.

The E-road network in Turkey.

The E-road network in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

The E-road network in Ukraine.

North-South reference

– 2,960 km (1,840 mi): Greenock – Glasgow – Preston – Birmingham – Southampton … Le Havre – Paris – Orléans – Bordeaux – San Sebastián – Burgos – Madrid – Seville – Algeciras

– 3,590 km (2,230 mi): Inverness – Perth – Edinburgh – Newcastle – London – Folkestone – Dover … Calais – Paris – Lyon – Orange – Narbonne – Girona – Barcelona – Tarragona – Castellón de la Plana – Valencia – Alicante – Murcia – Almería – Málaga – Algeciras

– 1,830 km (1,140 mi): Hook of Holland – Rotterdam – Eindhoven – Maastricht – Liège – Bastogne – Arlon – Luxembourg – Metz – Saint-Avold – Strasbourg – Mulhouse – Basel – Olten – Bern – Lausanne – Geneva – Mont Blanc – Aosta – Ivrea – Vercelli – Alessandria – Genoa … Bastia – Porto-Vecchio – Bonifacio … Porto Torres – Sassari – Cagliari … Palermo

– 1,660 km (1,030 mi): Amsterdam – Utrecht – Arnhem – Emmerich – Oberhausen – Cologne – Frankfurt am Main – Heidelberg – Karlsruhe – Offenburg – Basel – Olten – Lucerne – Altdorf – Gotthard Pass – Bellinzona – Lugano – Chiasso – Como – Milan – Piacenza – Parma – Modena – Florence – Rome

– 5,190 km (3,220 mi): Alta – Kautokeino – Karesuvanto – Arvidsjaur – Östersund – Mora – Säffle – Gothenburg … Frederikshavn – Aalborg – Aarhus – Vejle – Kolding – Flensburg – Hamburg – Hanover – Göttingen – Kassel – Fulda – Würzburg – Nuremberg – Munich – Rosenheim – Wörgl – Innsbruck – Brenner – Fortezza – Bolzano – Trento – Verona – Modena – Bologna – Cesena – Perugia – Fiano Romano – Naples – Salerno – Sicignano degli Alburni – Cosenza – Villa San Giovanni … Messina – Catania – Siracusa – Rosolini – Gela

– 2,920 km (1,810 mi): Helsingborg … Helsingør – Copenhagen – Køge – Vordingborg – Farø – Nykøbing Falster – Gedser … Rostock – Berlin – Lübbenau – Dresden – Ústí nad Labem – Prague – Tábor – Linz – Salzburg – Villach – Tarvisio – Udine – Palmanova – Mestre – Ravenna – Cesena – Rimini – Fano – Ancona – Pescara – Canosa di Puglia – Bari – Brindisi … Igoumenitsa – Preveza – Rhion – Patras – Pyrgos – Kalamata (E4 was meant to be part of this route, but kept old number)

– 3,800 km (2,400 mi): Malmö – Ystad … Świnoujście – Wolin – Goleniów – Szczecin – Gorzów Wielkopolski – Świebodzin – Zielona Góra – Legnica – Jelenia Góra – Harrachov – Železný Brod – Turnov – Mladá Boleslav – Prague – Jihlava – Brno – Bratislava – Rajka – Csorna – Szombathely – Zalaegerszeg – Nagykanizsa – Letenye – Zagreb – Karlovac – Rijeka – Split – Dubrovnik – Petrovac – Podgorica – Bijelo Polje – Pristina – Skopje – Kičevo – Ohrid – Bitola – Niki – Vevi – Kozani – Larissa – Domokos – Lamia – Bralos – Itea – Antirrio – Rhion – Aigio – Corinth – Tripoli – Kalamata … Kissamos – Chania

– 4,340 km (2,700 mi): Vardø – Vadsø – Varangerbotn – Utsjoki – Inari – Ivalo – Sodankylä – Rovaniemi – Kemi – Oulu – Jyväskylä – Heinola – Lahti – Helsinki … Gdańsk – Świecie – Łódź – Częstochowa – Katowice – Žilina – Bratislava – Győr – Budapest – Szeged – Subotica – Novi Sad – Belgrade – Niš – Kumanovo – Skopje – Veles – Gevgelija – Evzoni – Thessaloniki – Katerini – Larissa – Lamia – Athens … Chania – Heraklion – Agios Nikolaos – Sitia

– 2,300 km (1,400 mi): Klaipėda – Kaunas – Vilnius – Lida – Slonim – Kobryn – Dubno — Ternopil — Chernivtsi —Siret – Suceava – Roman – Urziceni – Bucharest – Giurgiu – Ruse – Byala – Veliko Tarnovo – Stara Zagora – Haskovo – Svilengrad – Ormenio – Kastanies – Didymoteicho – Alexandroupoli

– 1,790 km (1,110 mi): Saint Petersburg – Pskov – Gomel – Kiev – Odessa … Samsun – Merzifon

– 850 km (530 mi): Moscow – Kaluga – Bryansk – Hlukhiv – Kiev

– 3,770 km (2,340 mi): Kirkenes – Murmansk – Petrozavodsk – Saint Petersburg – Moscow – Tula – Orel – Kharkiv – Simferopol – Alushta – Yalta

– 1,730 km (1,070 mi): Yaroslavl – Moscow – Voronezh – Novorossiysk

– 1,050 km (650 mi): Mineralnye Vody – Nalchik – Vladikavkaz – Stepantsminda – Mtskheta – Tbilisi – Marneuli – Bolnisi – Yerevan – Goris – Megri

– 2,630 km (1,630 mi): Moscow – Tambov – Povorino – Volgograd – Astrakhan – Makhachkala – Kuba – Baku – Alyat – Astara

– 2,700 km (1,700 mi): Samara – Oral – Atyrau – Beineu – Shetpe – Zhetybai – Fetisovo – Bekdash – Türkmenbaşy – Gyzylarbat – Border of the Islamic Republic of Iran

– 2,840 km (1,760 mi): Chelyabinsk – Kostanay – Esil – Derzhavinsk – Arkalyk – Jezkazgan – Kyzylorda – Shymkent – Tashkent – Ayni – Dushanbe – Panji Poyon

– 2,600 km (1,600 mi): Ishim – Astana – Karaganda – Balkhash – Burubaytal – Almaty – Bishkek – Naryn – Torugart Pass

– 1,330 km (830 mi): Omsk – Pavlodar – Semey – Georgiyevka – Maikapshagai

West-East reference

– 880 km (550 mi): Å – Svolvær – Lødingen – Evenes – Narvik – Kiruna – Töre – Luleå

– 1,880 km (1,170 mi): Shannon – Limerick – Dublin … Liverpool – Manchester – Leeds – Kingston upon Hull … Esbjerg – Copenhagen – Malmö – Helsingborg – Halmstad – Gothenburg – Skara – Örebro – Stockholm … Tallinn – Narva – Saint Petersburg

– 6,050 km (3,760 mi): Cork – Waterford – Wexford – Rosslare … Fishguard – Swansea – Bridgend – Cardiff – Newport – Bristol – London – Colchester – Ipswich – Felixstowe … Hook of Holland – The Hague – Gouda – Utrecht – Amersfoort – Oldenzaal – Osnabrück – Bad Oeynhausen – Hanover – Braunschweig – Magdeburg – Berlin – Świebodzin – Poznań – Warsaw – Brest – Minsk – Smolensk – Moscow – Ryazan – Penza – Samara – Ufa – Chelyabinsk – Kurgan – Ishim – Omsk

– 8,690 km (5,400 mi): Calais – Bruges – Ghent – Brussels – Leuven – Liège – Eupen – Aachen – Cologne – Olpe – Wetzlar – Gießen – Bad Hersfeld – Eisenach – Erfurt – Gera – Chemnitz – Dresden – Görlitz – Legnica – Wrocław – Opole – Gliwice – Zabrze – Katowice – Kraków – Rzeszów – Jarosław – Korczowa – Lviv – Rivne – Zhytomyr – Kiev – Kharkiv – Luhansk – Volgograd – Astrakhan – Atyrau – Beyneu – Qo‘ng‘irot – Nukus – Daşoguz – Bukhara – Navoiy – Samarkand – Jizzakh – Tashkent – Shymkent – Zhambyl – Bishkek – Almaty – Sary-Ozek – Taldykorgan – Ucharal – Taskesken – Ayagoz – Georgiyevka – Oskemen – Ridder

– 5,100 km (3,200 mi): Brest – Rennes – Le Mans – Paris – Reims – Metz – Saarbrücken – Mannheim – Heilbronn – Nuremberg – Rozvadov – Plzeň – Prague – Jihlava – Brno – Trenčín – Prešov – Košice – Vyšné Nemecké – Uzhhorod – Mukachevo – Stryj – Ternopil – Khmelnytskyi – Vinnytsia – Uman – Kropyvnytskyi – Dnipro – Donetsk – Rostov-on-Don – Armavir – Mineralnye Vody – Makhachkala...also known as "Via Caroli"

– 8,200 km (5,100 mi): Brest – Lorient – Vannes – Nantes – Angers – Tours – Orléans – Montargis – Auxerre – Beaune – Dole – Besançon – Belfort – Mulhouse – Basel – Zürich – Winterthur – St. Gallen – St. Margrethen – Bregenz – Lauterach – Feldkirch – Landeck – Imst – Telfs – Innsbruck – Wörgl – Rosenheim – Bad Reichenhall – Salzburg – Sattledt – Linz – Sankt Pölten – Vienna – Nickelsdorf – Mosonmagyaróvár – Budapest – Szolnok – Püspökladány – Oradea – Cluj-Napoca – Turda – Târgu Mureş – Braşov – Ploieşti – Bucharest – Urziceni – Slobozia – Hârşova – Constanţa – Agigea … Poti – Senaki – Samtredia – Kutaisi – Khashuri – Gori – Tbilisi – Rustavi – Ganja – Yevlakh – Baku … Türkmenbaşy – Gyzylarbat – Ashgabat – Tejen – Mary – Türkmenabat – Alat – Bukhara – Karshi – G‘uzor – Sherobod – Termez – Dushanbe – Jirgatal – Sary Tash – Irkeshtam

– 4,550 km (2,830 mi): A Coruña – Gijón – Bilbao – San Sebastián – Bordeaux – Clermont-Ferrand – Lyon – Chambéry – Susa – Turin – Alessandria – Tortona – Brescia – Verona – Mestre – Palmanova – Trieste – Postojna – Ljubljana – Zagreb – Slavonski Brod – Belgrade – Pančevo – Vršac – Timişoara – Drobeta-Turnu Severin – Craiova – Alexandria – Bucharest – Giurgiu – Ruse – Razgrad – Shumen – Varna … Samsun – Ordu – Giresun – Trabzon – Batumi – Poti

– 5,600 km (3,500 mi): Lisbon – Valladolid – Burgos – San Sebastián – Toulouse – Nice – Genoa – Rome – Pescara … Dubrovnik – Podgorica – Pristina – Niš – Sofia – Plovdiv – Istanbul – İzmit – Gerede – Amasya – Erzurum – Gürbulak – Iran

– 4,770 km (2,960 mi): Lisbon – Madrid – Barcelona … Mazara del Vallo – Palermo – Messina … Reggio Calabria – Metaponto – Taranto – Brindisi … Igoumenitsa – Ioannina – Kozani – Thessaloniki – Alexandroupoli – Gelibolu … Lapseki – Bursa – Ankara – Adana – Nusaybin – Khabur River – Iraq

North-South intermediate

– 1,460 km (910 mi): Larne – Belfast – Newry – Dundalk – Drogheda – Dublin – Rosslare … A Coruña – Pontevedra – Vigo – Valença – Porto – Lisbon – Albufeira – Castro Marim – Huelva – Seville

– 470 km (290 mi): Cherbourg-Octeville – La Rochelle

The E4 and E6 run north-south, but are listed as west-east routes

– 250 km (160 mi): Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques – Jaca – Zaragoza

– 967 km (601 mi): Orléans – Toulouse – Barcelona

– 540 km (340 mi): Vierzon – Montluçon – Clermont-Ferrand – Montpellier

– 230 km (140 mi): Leeds – Doncaster – Sheffield – Nottingham – Leicester – Northampton – London

– 670 km (420 mi): Antwerp – Beaune

– 520 km (320 mi): Amsterdam – Brussels – Paris

– 540 km (340 mi): Metz – Geneva

– 390 km (240 mi): Metz – Lausanne

– 350 km (220 mi): Belfort – Bern – Martigny – Aosta

– 290 km (180 mi): Cologne – Sarreguemines – E 25 (towards Strasbourg)

– 520 km (320 mi) – Rotterdam – Ludwigshafen

– 100 km (62 mi): Parma – La Spezia

– 290 km (180 mi): Bremen – Cologne

– 1,330 km (830 mi): Trondheim – Orkanger – Vinjeøra – Halsa … Straumsnes – Kristiansund Mainland Connection – Batnfjordsøra – Molde … Vestnes – Skodje – Ålesund … Volda – Nordfjordeid … Sandane – Førde – Lavik … Instefjord – Knarvik – Bergen – Os … Stord – Sveio – Aksdal – Bokn … Rennesøy – Randaberg – Stavanger – Sandnes – Helleland – Flekkefjord – Lyngdal – Mandal – Kristiansand … Hirtshals – Hjørring – Nørresundby – Aalborg

– 760 km (470 mi): Dortmund – Wetzlar – Aschaffenburg – Würzburg – Stuttgart – Schaffhausen – Winterthur – Zürich – Altdorf

– 510 km (320 mi): Würzburg – Ulm – Lindau – Bregenz – St. Margrethen – Buchs – Chur – San Bernardino – Bellinzona

– 290 km (180 mi): Helsingborg … Helsingør – Copenhagen – Køge – Vordingborg – Farø – Rødby … Puttgarden – Oldenburg in Holstein – Lübeck (Most of E06 in Norway and Sweden was meant to be part of this route, but kept its old number)

– 740 km (460 mi): Magdeburg – Halle – Plauen – Schönberg – Vojtanov – Cheb – Karlovy Vary – Plzeň – České Budějovice – Halámky – Vienna

– 410 km (250 mi): Berlin – Leipzig – Gera – Hirschberg – Hof – Bayreuth – Nuremberg

– 270 km (170 mi): Plzeň – Bayerisch Eisenstein – Deggendorf – Munich

– 380 km (240 mi): Sattledt – Liezen – Sankt Michael – Graz – Maribor – Ljubljana

– 660 km (410 mi): Prague – Jihlava – Vienna – Graz – Spielfeld – Maribor – Zagreb

– 240 km (150 mi): Villach – Karavanke Tunnel – Naklo – Ljubljana – Trieste – Rijeka

– 1,110 km (690 mi): Sodankylä – Kemijärvi – Posio – Kuusamo – Kajaani – Iisalmi – Kuopio – Jyväskylä – Tampere – Turku

– 1,630 km (1,010 mi): Helsinki … Tallinn – Riga – Kaunas – Warsaw – Piotrków Trybunalski – Wrocław – Kłodzko – Kudowa-Zdrój – Náchod – Hradec Králové – Prague; also known as the Via Baltica

– 130 km (81 mi): Nordkapp (North Cape) – Olderfjord

– 970 km (600 mi): Košice – Miskolc – Budapest – Balatonvilágos – Nagykanizsa – Zagreb – Karlovac – Knin – Split

– 710 km (440 mi): Budapest – Szekszárd – Mohács – Osijek – Đakovo – Šamac – Zenica – Sarajevo – Mostar – Metković

– 1,690 km (1,050 mi): Pskov – Riga – Šiauliai – Tolpaki – Kaliningrad … Gdańsk – Elbląg – Warsaw – Radom – Kraków – Trstená – Ružomberok – Zvolen – Budapest

– 1,160 km (720 mi): Miskolc – Debrecen – Berettyóújfalu – Oradea – Beiuş – Deva – Petroşani – Târgu Jiu – Craiova – Calafat … Vidin – Vraca – Botevgrad – Sofia – Blagoevgrad – Serres – Thessaloniki

– 990 km (620 mi): Mukachevo – Halmeu – Satu Mare – Zalău – Cluj-Napoca – Turda – Sebeş – Sibiu – Piteşti – Bucharest – Constanţa

– 250 km (160 mi): Byala – Pleven – Jablanica – Botevgrad – Sofia

– 2,030 km (1,260 mi): Odessa – Izmail – Reni – Galaţi – Tulcea – Constanţa – Varna – Burgas – Malko Tarnovo – Dereköy – Kırklareli – Babaeski – Havsa – Keşan – Gelibolu – Ayvalık – İzmir – Selçuk – Aydın – Denizli – Acıpayam – Korkuteli – Antalya

– 130 km (81 mi): Gerede – Kızılcahamam – Ankara

– 170 km (110 mi): Toprakkale – İskenderun – Antakya – Yayladağı – Syria

– 1,150 km (710 mi): Kherson – Dzhankoy – Novorossiysk – Sochi – Sokhumi – Zugdidi – Senaki

– 750 km (470 mi): Şanlıurfa – Diyarbakır – Bitlis – Doğubeyazit – Iğdir – Dilucu – Sadarak

West-East intermediate

– 1,590 km (990 mi): Helsingborg – Jönköping – Linköping – Norrköping – Nyköping – Södertälje – Stockholm – Uppsala – Sundsvall – Örnsköldsvik – Umeå – Luleå – Haparanda – Tornio (runs North-South, but listed as West-East. Was to be numbered as part of E55, but kept old number)

– 3,120 km (1,940 mi): Trelleborg – Malmö – Helsingborg – Halmstad – Gothenburg – Oslo – Hamar – Lillehammer – Dombås – Trondheim – Stjørdal – Steinkjer – Mosjøen – Mo i Rana – Rognan – Fauske … Ballangen – Narvik – Setermoen – Alta – Olderfjord – Lakselv – Karasjok – Varangerbotn – Kirkenes (runs mostly North-South, but listed as West-East. Helsingborg - Alta was to be part of the E47, but kept old number)

– 1,410 km (880 mi): Tromsø – Nordkjosbotn – Skibotn – Kilpisjärvi – Kolari – Tornio – Kemi – Oulu – Kokkola – Vaasa – Pori – Turku

– 910 km (570 mi): Mo i Rana – Umeå … Vaasa – Tampere – Hämeenlinna – Helsinki

– 460 km (290 mi): Trondheim – Östersund – Sundsvall

– 710 km (440 mi): Derry – Belfast … Glasgow – Edinburgh … Bergen – Arna – Voss – Lærdal – Tyin – Fagernes – Hønefoss – Sandvika – Oslo – Gardermoen – Kongsvinger – Torsby – Malung – Borlänge – Falun – Sandviken – Gävle

– 1,890 km (1,170 mi): Craigavon – Belfast – Larne … Stranraer – Gretna – Carlisle – Newcastle … Kristiansand – Arendal – Porsgrunn – Larvik – Sandefjord – Horten – Drammen – Oslo – Askim – Karlstad – Örebro – Västerås – Stockholm/Kapellskär … Mariehamn … Turku/Naantali – Helsinki – Kotka – Vaalimaa – Vyborg – Saint Petersburg

– 5,320 km (3,310 mi): Holyhead – Chester – Warrington – Manchester – Leeds – Doncaster – Immingham … Amsterdam – Groningen – Bremen – Hamburg – Lübeck – Rostock – Sassnitz … Trelleborg – Malmö – Kalmar – Norrköping … Ventspils – Riga – Rēzekne – Velikiye Luki – Moscow – Vladimir – Nizhny Novgorod – Kazan – Yelabuga – Perm – (Asia) – Yekaterinburg – Tyumen – Ishim

– 230 km (140 mi): Birmingham – Cambridge – Ipswich

– 280 km (170 mi): Hamburg – Berlin

– 1,230 km (760 mi): Berlin – Szczecin – Goleniów – Koszalin – Słupsk – Gdynia – Gdańsk – Kaliningrad – Tolpaki – Nesterov – Marijampolė – Vilnius – Minsk

– 30 km (19 mi): Colchester – Harwich

– 470 km (290 mi): Zeebrugge – Antwerp – Eindhoven – Venlo – Oberhausen – Dortmund – Bad Oeynhausen

– 220 km (140 mi): Berlin – Lübbenau – Cottbus – Legnica

– 3,400 km (2,100 mi): Hlukhiv – Kursk – Voronezh – Saratov – Oral – Aktobe – Karabulak – Aral – Novokazalinsk – Kyzylorda – Shymkent

– 620 km (390 mi): Dunkirk – Lille – Mons – Charleroi – Namur – Liège – St. Vith – Wittlich – Bingen – Wiesbaden – Frankfurt am Main – Aschaffenburg

– 780 km (480 mi): Le Havre – Amiens – Charleville-Mézières – Luxembourg – Trier – Koblenz – Wetzlar – Gießen

– 720 km (450 mi): Cherbourg-Octeville – Caen – Rouen – Reims – Charleville-Mézières – Liège

– 350 km (220 mi): Schweinfurt – Bayreuth – Marktredwitz – Cheb – Karlovy Vary – Prague

– 520 km (320 mi): Strasbourg – Appenweier – Karlsruhe – Stuttgart – Ulm – Munich – Salzburg

– 860 km (530 mi): Paris – Chaumont – Mulhouse – Basel – Waldshut – Lindau – Munich

– 310 km (190 mi): Nuremberg – Regensburg – Passau – Wels – Sattledt

– 2,200 km (1,400 mi): Vienna – Bratislava – Zvolen – Košice – Uzhhorod – Mukachevo – Halmeu – Suceava – Iaşi – Sculeni – Chişinău – Odessa – Mykolaiv – Kherson – Melitopol – Taganrog – Rostov-on-Don

– 1,290 km (800 mi): Nantes – Poitiers – Mâcon – Geneva – Lausanne – Martigny – Sion – Simplon – Gravellona Toce – Milan – Tortona – Genoa

– 240 km (150 mi): Turin – Milan – Brescia

– 650 km (400 mi): Fortezza – Innichen – Spittal an der Drau – Villach – Klagenfurt – Graz – Veszprém – Székesfehérvár

– 510 km (320 mi): Szeged – Arad – Deva – Sibiu – Braşov

– 250 km (160 mi): Bordeaux – Toulouse

– 240 km (150 mi): Nice – Cuneo – Asti – Alessandria

– 80 km (50 mi): Pisa – Migliarino – Florence

– 270 km (170 mi): Grosseto – Arezzo – Sansepolcro – Fano

– 380 km (240 mi): Porto – Vila Real – Bragança – Zamora – Tordesillas

– 150 km (93 mi): Keşan – Tekirdağ – Silivri

– 200 km (120 mi): Krystallopigi – Florina – Vévi – Géfira

– 640 km (400 mi): Ankara – Yozgat – Sivas – Refahiye

– 320 km (200 mi)): Igoumenitsa – Ioannina – Trikala – Larissa – Volos

– 110 km (68 mi): Corinth – Megara – Attiki Odos (Elefsina – Athens Suburbs – Markopoulo Mesogeas).

– 440 km (270 mi): İzmir – Usak – Afyonkarahisar – Sivrihisar

– 60 km (37 mi): Topboğazi – Kırıkhan – Reyhanlı – Cilvegözü → Syria

B Class roads

– 460 km (290 mi): Haugesund – Røldal – Haukeli – Seljord – Kongsberg – Drammen – Vassum

– 176 km (109 mi): Ålesund – Tresfjord – Åndalsnes – Dombås

– 170 km (110 mi): Cork – Portlaoise

– 40 km (25 mi): Amsterdam – Amersfoort

– 172 km (107 mi): Amersfoort – Hoogeveen – Groningen

– 132 km (82 mi): Hoogeveen – Haselünne – Cloppenburg

– 162 km (101 mi): Cuxhaven – Bremerhaven – Bremen – Walsrode

– 281 km (175 mi): Sassnitz – Stralsund – Neubrandenburg – Berlin

– 350 km (220 mi): Świecie – Poznań – Wrocław

– 417 km (259 mi): Kaunas – Ukmergė – Daugavpils – Rēzekne – Ostrov

– 280 km (170 mi): Tallinn – Tartu – Võru – Luhamaa

– 340 km (210 mi): Jõhvi – Tartu – Valga – Valka – Valmiera – Incukalns

– 60 km (37 mi): Tallinn – Keila – Paldiski ... Kapellskär

– 296 km (184 mi): Minsk – Babruysk – Gomel (formerly began Klaipėda – Kaunas – Vilnius)

– 380 km (240 mi): Klaipėda – Palanga – Šiauliai – Panevėžys – Ukmergė – Vilnius

– 67 km (42 mi): Breda – Gorinchem – Utrecht

– 160 km (99 mi): Flushing – Breda – Eindhoven

– 112 km (70 mi): Antwerp – Liège

– 125 km (78 mi): Leuven – Hasselt – Heerlen – Aachen

– 150 km (93 mi): Dortmund – Kassel

– 358 km (222 mi): Radom – Rzeszów – Barwinek – Vyšný Komárnik – Svidník – Prešov

– 367 km (228 mi): Warsaw – Lublin – Lviv

– 590 km (370 mi): Lublin – Kovel – Rivne – Kiev

– 160 km (99 mi): Trosna – Hlukhiv

– 200 km (120 mi): Saint-Brieuc – Caen

– 425 km (264 mi): Calais – Rouen – Le Mans

– 96 km (60 mi): Zeebrugge – Bruges – Roeselare – Kortrijk – Tournai

– 0 km (0 mi): Jabbeke – Zeebrugge (road never built)

– 270 km (170 mi): Brussels – Metz

– 187 km (116 mi): Nivelles – Charleroi – Reims

– 153 km (95 mi): Eynatten – Eupen – St. Vith – Luxembourg

– 82 km (51 mi): Trier – Saarbrücken

– 65 km (40 mi): Tournai – Halle

– 110 km (68 mi): Chemnitz – Plauen – Hof (E 51)

– 568 km (353 mi): Karlovy Vary – Teplice – Turnov – Hradec Králové – Olomouc – Žilina

– 125 km (78 mi): Gießen – Frankfurt am Main – Mannheim

– 190 km (120 mi): Svitavy – Brno – Vienna

– 310 km (190 mi): Brno – Olomouc – Český Těšín – Katowice – Kraków

– 210 km (130 mi): Mukachevo – Lviv

– 90 km (56 mi): Le Mans – Angers

– 90 km (56 mi): Le Mans – Tours

– 100 km (62 mi): Courtenay – Troyes

– 80 km (50 mi): Remiremont – Mulhouse

– 95 km (59 mi): Offenburg – Donaueschingen

– 70 km (43 mi): Memmingen – Füssen

– 125 km (78 mi): Munich – Garmisch-Partenkirchen – Mittenwald – Seefeld – Innsbruck

– 110 km (68 mi): České Budějovice – Humpolec

– 230 km (140 mi): Munich – Braunau am Inn – Wels – Linz

– 403 km (250 mi): Bratislava – Zvolen – Košice

– 101 km (63 mi): Trenčín – Žiar nad Hronom

– 193 km (120 mi): Püspökladány – Nyíregyháza – Chop – Uzhhorod

– 416 km (258 mi): Bacău – Braşov – Piteşti – Craiova

– 95 km (59 mi): Bratislava – Dunajská Streda – Medveďov – Vámosszabadi – Győr

– 58 km (36 mi): Cluj-Napoca – Dej (formerly continued Bistriţa – Suceava)

– 75 km (47 mi): Ploieşti – Buzău

– 228 km (142 mi): Sărăţel – Reghin – Topliţa – Gheorgheni – Miercurea-Ciuc – Sfântu Gheorghe – Chichiş

– 100 km (62 mi): Görbeháza – Nyíregyháza – Vásárosnamény – Beregdaróc

– 441 km (274 mi): Tişiţa – Tecuci – Albiţa – Leuşeni – Chişinău – Odessa

– 628 km (390 mi): Săbăoani – Iaşi – Bălţi – Mohyliv-Podilskyi – Vinnytsia – Zhytomyr

– 938 km (583 mi): Poltava – Kropyvnytskyi – Chişinău – Giurgiuleşti – Galaţi – Slobozia

– 113 km (70 mi): Krasnodar – Dzhubga

– 61 km (38 mi): Niort – La Rochelle

– 195 km (121 mi): La Rochelle – Saintes

– 172 km (107 mi): Saintes – Angoulême – Limoges (formerly to Sculeni)

– 128 km (80 mi): Tours – Vierzon

– 120 km (75 mi): Angoulême – Bordeaux

– 88 km (55 mi): Digoin – Chalon-sur-Saône

– 58 km (36 mi): Lyon – Pont-d'Ain

– 54 km (34 mi): Ivrea – Turin

– 106 km (66 mi): Wörgl – St. Johann in Tirol – Lofer – Salzburg

– 73 km (45 mi): Altenmarkt im Pongau – Liezen

– 52 km (32 mi): Klagenfurt – Loiblpass – Naklo

– 107 km (66 mi): Letenye – Tornyiszentmiklós

– 447 km (278 mi): Balatonkeresztúr – Nagyatád – Barcs – Virovitica – Okučani – Banja Luka – Jajce – Donji Vakuf – Zenica

– 121 km (75 mi): Subotica – Sombor – Osijek

– 322 km (200 mi): Timişoara – Arad – Oradea – Satu Mare

– 103 km (64 mi): Lugoj – Ilia

– 59 km (37 mi): Agigea – Negru Vodă – Kardam

– 460 km (290 mi): Ashtarak – Gyumri – Ashotsk – Akhalkalaki – Akhaltsikhe – Vale, Georgia – Türkgözü – Posof – Kars – Horasan

– 113 km (70 mi): Supsa – Lanchkhuti – Samtredia

– 111 km (69 mi): Lyon – Grenoble

– 452 km (281 mi): Geneva – Chambéry – Marseille

– 92 km (57 mi): Valence – Grenoble

– 117 km (73 mi): Orange – Marseille

– 141 km (88 mi): Turin – Savona

– 160 km (99 mi): Rijeka – Pula – Koper

– 742 km (461 mi): Bihać – Jajce – Donji Vakuf – Zenica – Sarajevo – Užice – Čačak – Kraljevo – Kruševac – Pojate – Paraćin – Zaječar

– 328 km (204 mi): Sarajevo – Podgorica → Albania

– 348 km (216 mi): Belgrade – Čačak – Nova Varoš – Bijelo Polje

– 225 km (140 mi): Drobeta-Turnu Severin – Niš

– 258 km (160 mi): Yablanitsa – Veliko Tarnovo – Shumen

– 273 km (170 mi): Popovica – Stara Zagora – Burgas

– 262 km (163 mi): Coimbra – Viseu – Vila Real – Chaves – Verín

– 599 km (372 mi): Bragança – Guarda – Castelo Branco – Portalegre – Évora – Beja – Ourique

– 463 km (288 mi): Salamanca – Mérida – Seville

– 292 km (181 mi): Bilbao – Logroño – Zaragoza

– 124 km (77 mi): Vila Nova de Famalicão – Chaves

– 209 km (130 mi): Torres Novas – Abrantes – Castelo Branco – Guarda

– 36 km (22 mi): Rome – San Cesareo

– 105 km (65 mi): Sassari – Olbia … Civitavecchia – ends at E 80

– 38 km (24 mi): Avellino – Salerno

– 257 km (160 mi): Naples – Avellino – Benevento – Canosa di Puglia

– 96 km (60 mi): Bari – Taranto

– 24 km (15 mi): Spezzano Albanese – Sybaris

– 112 km (70 mi): Cosenza – Crotone

– 159 km (99 mi): Sicignano degli Alburni – Potenza – Metaponto

– 38 km (24 mi): Sant'Eufemia Lamezia – Catanzaro

– 323 km (201 mi): Petrovac → Albania → Prizren – Pristina

– 29 km (18 mi): Ohrid → Albania

– 61 km (38 mi): Ioannina → Albania

– 194 km (121 mi): Sofia – Kyustendil – Kumanovo

– 550 km (340 mi): İzmit – Bursa – Balıkesir – Manisa – İzmir – Çeşme

– 352 km (219 mi): Madrid – Valencia

– 280 km (170 mi): Jaén – Granada – Málaga

– 672 km (418 mi): Mérida – Ciudad Real – Albacete – Alicante^{[citation needed]}

– 187 km (116 mi): Mazara del Vallo – Gela

– 161 km (100 mi): Buonfornello – Enna – Catania

– 50 km (31 mi): Alcamo – Trapani

– 193 km (120 mi): Ioannina – Arta – Agrinio – Missolonghi

– 247 km (153 mi): Aktio – Vonitsa – Amfilochia – Karpenisi – Lamia

– 101 km (63 mi): Tripoli – Sparti – Gytheio

– 51 km (32 mi): Eleusina – Thebes

– 403 km (250 mi): Afyon – Konya – Junction (Aksaray-Pozantı) (on the State road linking Ankara and Mersin on E90)

– 66 km (41 mi): Mersin – Junction Tarsus East (on the motorway linking Ankara and Adana on E90)

– 117 km (73 mi): Tbilisi – Marneuli – Sadakhlo – Bagratashen – Vanadzor

– 481 km (299 mi): Alyat – Saatly Rayon – Megri – Ordubad – Julfa – Nakhchivan – Sadarak

– 1,120 km (700 mi): Uchkuduk – Daşoguz – Ashgabat – Gaudan

– 700 km (430 mi): Kyzylorda – Uchkuduk – Bukhara (NB: most of road not built)

– 154 km (96 mi): G‘uzor – Samarkand

– 298 km (185 mi): Ayni – Kokand

– 590 km (370 mi): Tashkent – Kokand – Andijan – Osh – Irkeshtam

– 970 km (600 mi): Dushanbe – Kulob – Kalaikhumb – Khorugh – Murghab – Kulma Pass – border of China (see Pamir Highway)

– 666 km (414 mi): Jirgatal – Khorugh – Ishkoshim – Lyanga – China

– 650 km (400 mi): Osh – Bishkek

– 179 km (111 mi): Kokpek – Kegen – Tyup

– 360 km (220 mi): Almaty – Kokpek – Chundzha – Koktal – Khorgas

– 180 km (110 mi): Sary-Ozek – Koktal

– 182 km (113 mi): Usharal – Druzhba

– 193 km (120 mi): Taskesken – Bakhty

– 495 km (308 mi): Zapadnoe – Zhaksy – Atbasar – Astana

– 320 km (200 mi): Yelabuga – Ufa

– 1,071 km (665 mi): Jezkazgan – Karaganda – Pavlodar – Uspenovka

– 289 km (180 mi): Petropavl – Zapadnoe

Notable E-roads

E80, together with Asian Highway 1, crosses all of Europe and Asia, linking Lisbon with Tokyo.

The longest E-road is E 40, which is more than 8,500 km (5,300 mi) long, connecting France with Kazakhstan.

The shortest E-road is E 844, 22 km (14 mi), in the Italian region of Calabria

Northernmost is E 69, North Cape, Norway, 71°10' N

Westernmost is E 01, Lisbon, Portugal, 9°10' W

Southernmost is E 75, Crete, Greece, 35°6' N

Easternmost is E 127, Maikapshagai, Kazakhstan, 85°36' E

The highest E-road is E 008 which reaches 4,272 m (14,016 ft) altitude in the Pamir Mountains in Tajikistan.

The highest E-road in Europe is E 62 reaching 2,005 m (6,578 ft) at the Simplon Pass, Switzerland.

The lowest E-road is E 39 which reaches 262 m (860 ft) below sea level in the Bømlafjord Tunnel, Norway.

The longest bridge on an E-road is the Øresund Bridge (in Sweden and Denmark) on E 20 which is 7,845 metres (25,738 ft).

The longest tunnel on an E-road is the Lærdal Tunnel (in Norway) on E 16 which is 24,510 metres (80,410 ft), the longest road tunnel in the world. As of 2015^[update]E 16 includes 60 tunnels, covering about 15% of the road's 630 km (391 mi) within Norway.

The E 39 includes 8 ferry crossings.

The E 39 includes 90 tunnels, 6% of the road's 1,140 km (708 mi) within Norway.

References

^ "Declaration on the Construction of Main International Traffic Arteries, signed at Geneva" (PDF). United Nations - Treaty Series. 16 September 1950. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 2010-12-27..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}

^ "Declaration on the Construction of Main International Traffic Arteries, signed at Geneva" (PDF). United Nations - Treaty Series. 16 September 1950. Retrieved 2012-07-01.

^ ^a^b "E-Roads". Archived from the original on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.

^ ^a^b^c^d "European Agreement on Main International Traffic Arteries" (PDF). United Nations Economic and Social Council. 14 March 2008. Retrieved 2010-12-27.

^ "2. Directional Information Signs" (PDF). Traffic Signs Manual 2010. Ireland: Department of Transport, Tourism and Sport. November 2010. §§2.3.34–36, 2.4.108, 2.4.116, 2.5.87. Retrieved 23 November 2017.

^ "Statutory Instrument 2002 No. 3113: The Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions 2002". HMSO. Retrieved 2010-12-27.

External links

European roads and cities map built on OpenStreetMap's data

EU Transport Networks home page

Introduction to EU European routes, with links at the Wayback Machine (archived January 9, 2008)

UNECE document ECE/TRANS/SC.1/2016/03/Rev1 "European Agrement On Main International Traffic Arteries (AGR)"; 1 November 2016 (PDF file, official E route list starting at p. 9)

Map of E-road network - UNECE document (2007)

Routes in Benelux as well as E routes in Europe

Trans-Global Highway and the Eur-Africa Friendship Tunnel

[1] "Declaration on the Construction of Main International Traffic Arteries, signed at Geneva" (PDF). United Nations - Treaty Series. 16 September 1950. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 2010-12-27..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}

[2] "Declaration on the Construction of Main International Traffic Arteries, signed at Geneva" (PDF). United Nations - Treaty Series. 16 September 1950. Retrieved 2012-07-01.

[AA-3] "E-Roads". Archived from the original on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.

[1975doc-4] "European Agreement on Main International Traffic Arteries" (PDF). United Nations Economic and Social Council. 14 March 2008. Retrieved 2010-12-27.

[5] "2. Directional Information Signs" (PDF). Traffic Signs Manual 2010. Ireland: Department of Transport, Tourism and Sport. November 2010. §§2.3.34–36, 2.4.108, 2.4.116, 2.5.87. Retrieved 23 November 2017.

[TSRGD-6] "Statutory Instrument 2002 No. 3113: The Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions 2002". HMSO. Retrieved 2010-12-27.

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