Monolith




For other uses, see Monolith (disambiguation).




Uluru, Northern Territory, Australia, is often referred to as the biggest monolith, but that is generally avoided by geologists. While the surrounding rocks were eroded, the rock survived as sandstone strata making up the surviving Uluru 'monolith'.





Monolithos fortress on Rhodes, Greece





Landsat 7 image Brandberg Mountain, Namibia





Gavea Rock, a monolith next to the sea, near Rio de Janeiro, Brazil


A monolith is a geological feature consisting of a single massive stone or rock, such as some mountains, or a single large piece of rock placed as, or within, a monument or building.[citation needed]Erosion usually exposes the geological formations, which are often made of very hard and solid igneous or metamorphic rock.


In architecture, the term has considerable overlap with megalith, which is normally used for prehistory, and may be used in the contexts of rock-cut architecture that remains attached to solid rock, as in monolithic church, or for exceptionally large stones such as obelisks, statues, monolithic columns or large architraves, that may have been moved a considerable distance after quarrying. It may also be used of large glacial erratics moved by natural forces.


The word derives, via the Latin monolithus, from the Ancient Greek word μονόλιθος (monolithos), from μόνος ("one" or "single") and λίθος ("stone").




Contents






  • 1 Geological monoliths


    • 1.1 Africa


    • 1.2 Antarctica


    • 1.3 Asia


    • 1.4 Australia


    • 1.5 Europe


    • 1.6 North America


      • 1.6.1 United States


      • 1.6.2 Canada


      • 1.6.3 Mexico




    • 1.7 South America


    • 1.8 Extraterrestrial




  • 2 Monumental monoliths


  • 3 See also


  • 4 Notes


  • 5 External links





Geological monoliths


Large, well-known monoliths include:



Africa




  • Aso Rock, Nigeria


  • Ben Amera, Mauritania


  • Brandberg Mountain, Namibia


  • Sibebe, Swaziland


  • Zuma Rock, Nigeria


  • Mount Lubiri, Angola

  • Mount Poi, Kenya

  • Great Sphinx of Giza



Antarctica


  • Scullin monolith


Asia





Savandurga, India, from the northern side





Sangla Hill, Pakistan




  • Bellary, India


  • Bhongir, Telangana, India


  • Madhugiri Betta, Karnataka, India


  • Kailasa temple, Ellora. Maharashtra, India


  • Mount Kelam, Indonesia


  • Mount Pico de Loro, Philippines


  • Mount Pulumbato, Philippines


  • Sangla Hill, Pakistan


  • Savandurga, Karnataka, India


  • Sigiriya, Sri Lanka


  • Yana, Karnataka, India


  • Gilbert Hill, Mumbai, India



Australia




  • Bald Rock, near Tenterfield, New South Wales


  • Burringurrah, Western Australia


  • Mount Coolum, Queensland


  • Mount Wudinna, South Australia


  • Pine Mountain, Victoria


  • Uluru, Northern Territory



Europe





Penyal d'Ifac, Spain




  • Kalamos, Anafi, Greece


  • Katskhi pillar, Georgia


  • Logan Rock, Treen, Cornwall, England


  • Penyal d'Ifac, Calpe, Valencian Community, Spain

  • La Peña de Arcos, Arcos de la Frontera, Andalusia, Spain


  • Peña de los Enamorados, Antequera, Andalusia, Spain (a World Heritage Site)


  • Rock of Gibraltar, Gibraltar


  • Rock of Monaco, Monaco-Ville, Monaco



North America



United States





Beacon Rock, Washington, viewed from the west




El Capitan in Yosemite




  • Angels Landing, Zion National Park, Utah


  • Beacon Rock, Columbia River Gorge, Washington


  • Bottleneck Peak and Moon, Sids Mountain, Utah


  • Castle Rock, Pineville, West Virginia


  • Chimney Rock, Bayard, Nebraska


  • Chimney Rock, Chimney Rock, North Carolina


  • Courthouse and Jail Rocks, Bridgeport, Nebraska


  • Devils Tower, Wyoming


  • El Capitan, Yosemite National Park, California


  • Enchanted Rock, Llano County, Texas


  • Frog Woman Rock, Mendocino County, California


  • Great White Throne, Zion National Park, Utah


  • Half Dome, Yosemite National Park, California


  • Haystack Rock, Clatsop County, Oregon


  • Looking Glass Rock, Transylvania County, North Carolina


  • Morro Rock, Morro Bay, California


  • Scotts Bluff National Monument, Gering, Nebraska


  • Shiprock, San Juan County, New Mexico


  • Stone Mountain, Stone Mountain, Georgia


  • Tooth of Time, Cimarron, New Mexico


  • Wolf Rock, Linn County, Oregon





Stawamus Chief as seen from Valleycliffe neighborhood in Squamish, British Columbia



Canada



  • Stawamus Chief, Squamish, British Columbia


Mexico



  • La Peña de Bernal, Queretaro; claimed to be the world's third largest monolith.[1][2][3][4]


South America





El Peñón, monolith in Colombia, located in Antioquia




  • El Peñón, also known as El Peñol Stone or simply La Piedra, Colombia


  • Pão de Açúcar, Brazil


  • Pedra da Gávea, Brazil the world's largest monolith on the coastline


  • Pedra da Galinha Choca, Brazil


  • Torres del Paine, Chile



Extraterrestrial




  • Phobos monolith on Phobos

  • Mars monolith



Monumental monoliths


See also: List of ancient architectural records, List of ancient monoliths, and List of largest monoliths in the world

A structure which has been excavated as a unit from a surrounding matrix or outcropping of rock.[5]




  • Aztec calendar stone "Stone of the Sun"

  • The Church of Saint George in Lalibela, Ethiopia, is one of a number of monolithic churches in Ethiopia


  • Coyolxauhqui Stone another aztec monolith


  • Ellora Caves - UNESCO World Heritage Site


  • Great Sphinx of Giza "The Egyptian Sphinx"


  • Gomateswara or Lord Bahubali at Sravanabelagola, Karnataka


  • Manzanar National Historic Landmark, USA


  • Obelisks - see this article for a list


  • Ogham stones, inscribed standing stones throughout Ireland

  • Runestones

  • Standing stones

  • Stelae

  • Stone circle


  • Stone of the Pregnant Woman, Baalbek


  • Stonehenge contains several


  • The Longstones or the Devil's Quoits, Avebury, Wiltshire, England


  • Vijayanagara Empire medieval South Indian carved examples



See also



  • Bornhardt

  • Butte

  • List of inselbergs

  • Megalith

  • Menhir


  • Monadnock (or inselberg)

  • Monolithic architecture

  • Monolith (Space Odyssey)



Notes





  1. ^ López Domínguez, Leonor (May 2001). "Villa de Bernal and its Magic Mountain". México Desconocido #291. Archived from the original on 2015-03-13..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ "Peña de Bernal - Bernal - Queretaro" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 27 October 2006. Retrieved 25 November 2008.


  3. ^ Raul Carrillo (2007). Northrop, Laura Cava; Dwight L. Curtis; Natalie Sherman, eds. Let's Go Mexico: On a Budget. Macmillan. p. 370. ISBN 978-0-312-37452-5.


  4. ^ Escobar Ledesma, Agustín (1999). Recetario del semidesierto de Querétaro: Acoyos, rejalgares y tantarrias. Conaculta. p. 75. ISBN 978-970-18-3910-2.


  5. ^ "Glossary". Archived from the original on 2010-01-01.




External links







  • Regarding Uluru/Ayers Rock and earlier representations of it as the largest monolith: GA.gov.au, ABC.net.au, Wayoutback.com.au

  • 14 Largest Monoliths in the World, touropia




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