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County Cavan Contae an Chabháin
Coat of arms
Nickname(s):  'The Drumlin County'
Motto(s):  Feardhacht is Fírinne  (Irish) "Manliness and Truth"
Country	Ireland
Province	Ulster
Dáil Éireann	Cavan–Monaghan
EU Parliament	Midlands–North-West
Established	21 August 1579
County town	Cavan
Government
• Type	County Council
Area [1]
• Total	1,932 km2 (746 sq mi)
Area rank	19th
Highest elevation (Cuilcagh)	665 m (2,182 ft)
Population (2016)[2]
• Total	76,176
• Rank	25th
• Density	39/km2 (100/sq mi)
Vehicle index mark code	CN
Website	www.cavancoco.ie

County Cavan (Irish: Contae an Chabháin) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Ulster and is part of the Border Region. It is named after the town of Cavan and is based on the historic Gaelic territory of East Breffny (Bréifne).^[3][4]Cavan County Council is the local authority for the county, which had a population of 76,176 at the 2016 census.^[2]

Geography and political subdivisions

Cavan borders six counties: Leitrim to the west, Fermanagh and Monaghan to the north, Meath to the south-east, Longford to the south-west and Westmeath to the south. Cavan shares a 70 km (43 mi) border with County Fermanagh in Northern Ireland. Cavan is the 19th largest of the 32 counties in area and the 25th largest by population.^[5]

Baronies

There are eight historic baronies in the county. While baronies continue to be officially defined units, they are no longer used for many administrative purposes. Their official status is illustrated by Placenames Orders made since 2003, where official Irish names of baronies are listed under "Administrative units".

• 
  Castlerahan (Caisleán Raithin) see Virginia, County Cavan
  


• 
  Clankee (Clann Chaoich)


• 
  Clanmahon (Clann Mhathúna)


• 
  Loughtee Lower (Lucht Tí Íochtarach)


• 
  Loughtee Upper (Lucht Tí Uachtarach) – whose chief town, Cavan, is also the county town
  


• 
  Tullygarvey (Teallach Ghairbhíth)


• 
  Tullyhaw (Teallach Eathach) – the largest in the county at 89,852 acres (363.62 km²)


• 
  Tullyhunco (Teallach Dhúnchadha)

Civil parishes and townlands

Townlands are the smallest officially defined geographical divisions in Ireland, there are approximately 1979 townlands in the county.

Towns and villages

Largest towns (2016)

1. 
   Cavan - 10,914


2. 
   Virginia - 4,393


3. 
   Bailieborough - 2,683


4. 
   Ballyjamesduff - 2,661


5. 
   Kingscourt - 2,499

Geography

Lough Oughter

The county is characterised by drumlin countryside dotted with many lakes and hills. The north-western area of the county is sparsely populated and mountainous. The Breifne Mountains contain the highest point, Cuilcagh, at 665 metres (2,182 feet).

Cavan is the source of many rivers. Shannon Pot on the slopes of Cuilcagh is the source of the River Shannon, the longest river in Ireland at 386 km (240 mi). The River Erne is a major river which rises from Beaghy Lough, two miles (3 km) south of Stradone in Cavan and flows for 120 km (75 mi) to Lough Erne. Other rivers in the county include the Blackwater River, which rises near Bailieborough and flows through Lough Ramor, joining the River Boyne at Navan; the Dee which springs near Bailieborough; the River Annalee which flows from Lough Sillan and joins the Erne; and the Cladagh river which rises from Cuilcagh and flows into Fermanagh. The Glyde and the Owenroe also source in Cavan.

Cavan is known as 'The Lakeland County' and is reputed to contain 365 lakes.^[6] At 18.8 km² (7.3 sq mi), Lough Sheelin is the county's largest lake; it is situated in the south of the county and forms a three way border on its waters between counties Meath, Westmeath and Cavan.^[7] A large complex of lakes form in the north and west of Cavan into designated Specially Protected Areas (SPA); an example is Lough Oughter. Other important wildlife protected lakes such as Lough Gowna and Lough Ramor are in the south and east of the county. Cavan has a mainly hilly (drumlin) landscape and contains just under 7,000 hectares (17,000 acres) of forested area, 3.6% of Cavan's total land area. The county contains forests such as Bellamont Forest near Cootehill, Killykeen Forest Park at Lough Oughter (a Coillte state forest concern), Dún na Rí Forest Park and the Burren Forest.

Climate

Met Éireann records the climate data for Cavan from their station at Ballyhaise. Under Köppen climate classification, Cavan experiences a maritime temperate oceanic climate with cold winters, mild humid summers, and a lack of temperature extremes. The average maximum January temperature is 8.2 °C (47 °F), while the average maximum July temperature is 19.8 °C (68 °F). On average, the sunniest months are May and June, while the wettest month is October with 104.4 mm (4 in) of rain, and the driest months are May and June with 67.8 mm (3 in) and 67.9 mm (3 in) respectively. Humidity is high year round and rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year, with the annual precipitation at Ballyhaise being 1,006 mm (40 in)

On average, snow showers occur between November and March. In 2010, record low temperatures for November, December and January were recorded in Cavan. In late December, the temperature at the station fell to −15.4 °C (4 °F), its lowest ever. On Tuesday 21 December 2010, a daily maximum of −9.4 °C (15 °F) was recorded at Ballyhaise, the lowest daily maximum ever recorded in Ireland. Summer daytime temperatures range between 15 °C (59 °F) and 22 °C (72 °F), with temperatures rarely going beyond 25 °C (77 °F).^[8] The average annual sunshine hours range between 1,300 hours in the north to 1,500 hours in the south.^[9]

History

Cloughoughter Castle

In medieval times, the area of Cavan was part of the petty kingdom of East Bréifne or Brefney O'Reilly after its ruling Gaelic family. This in turn was a division of the 11th century Kingdom of Bréifne. For this reason the county is colloquially known as the Breffni County.^[10] A high degree of defence was achieved by using the natural landscape of drumlin hills and loughs. The poorly drained heavy clay soils contributed as an obstacle against invasion.

Historically, Cavan was part of the western province of Connacht, but was transferred to Ulster in 1584 following the composition of Breifne. In the south, the Lough Sheelin area was part of Leinster until the late 14th century.

Parts of Cavan were subjected to Norman influence from the twelfth century and the remains of several motte and bailie fortifications are still visible mainly in the east of the county, as well as the remains of stronger works such as Castlerahan and Clogh Oughter castle. The influence of several monastic orders also owes its origins to around this time with abbey remains existent in locations such as Drumlane and Trinity Island.

The Plantation of Ulster from 1610 saw the settlement and origins of several new towns within the county that include Bailieborough, Cootehill, Killeshandra and Virginia. Existing towns such as Cavan and Belturbet became over time more important as trading centres. Wars during the mid-seventeenth century aimed at trying to unsettle the Plantation only led to further plantations of English and Scottish settlers into the county and the beginnings of a thriving flax and linen industry.

Some areas of Cavan were hard hit by the Great Famine potato blight between 1845–49. The winter of 1847 is particularly noted for the high levels of deaths nationally caused by diseases such as typhus and cholera. Several instances of eviction also occurred during the nineteenth century, with one such story where the local landlord in Mountnugent parish decided to evict over 200 people. The famous ballad "By Lough Sheelin Side" is based on this event witnessed by the local Catholic priest.

Edward Saunderson, founder of the Ulster Unionist Council, was born in the County. However, when the Irish Unionist Party met on 9 June 1916, the delegates from Cavan learnt that they would not be included in any "temporary exclusion of Ulster" from Home Rule; they agreed only with very great reluctance.^[11]

Local government and politics

Cavan is divided into three local district council areas: Bailieborough-Cootehill, Ballyjamesduff-Virginia and Cavan-Belturbet, which hold 18 county council seats in total. There were also three town Councils: Cavan, Belturbet and Cootehill but these were disbanded during the 2014 local elections.^[12] The 2014 Cavan local elections had an average voter turnout of 56.42%, almost 10% lower than the turnout in 2009. The highest turnout for an electoral area was Bailieborough-Cootehill with 60.39%.

For the purposes of elections to Dáil Éireann, the county is divided across two east/west constituencies Cavan–Monaghan constituency which returns four deputies, while West Cavan (since the 2016 General Election) is part of the Sligo, Leitrim, South Donegal & West Cavan constituency, and has no sitting West Cavan TD's or Senators at present(TDs) to the Dáil. In the 2011 general election, there was a voter turnout of 72.7%.^[13]

The county is part of the Border Region - a NUTS II entity - which is in turn part of the level III NUTS entity - Border, Midland and Western.

For elections to the European Parliament, the county is part of the Midlands–North-West constituency .

Places of interest

• Cabra Castle


• Castle Saunderson


• Cathedral of Saint Patrick and Saint Felim


• Cavan County Museum


• Cloughoughter Castle


• Drumlane Monastery


• 
  Killeshandra Church of the Rath


• Magh Slécht


• Saint Fethlimidh's Cathedral


• 
  Saint Kilian Heritage Centre

Natural attractions

• Cuilcagh


• Dún na Rí Forest Park


• Killeshandra Loop Walk^[14]
  


• Killykeen Forest Park


• Lough Sheelin


• Marble Arch Caves Global Geopark


• Shannon-Erne Waterway

Transport

Road

Two national primary routes pass through the county, The N3 road and the N16 road. The N3 is the longest route in Cavan, crossing the county for 60 km (37 mi) from the Meath border at Whitegate near Virginia and through Belturbet into Fermanagh. The N16 begins in Sligo and ends at Blacklion in the far northwestern tip of Cavan, it crosses the county for roughly 7 km (4.3 mi).

Three national secondary routes pass through the county. The N87 road begins in Belturbet and passes through Ballyconnell and Swanlinbar before crossing into County Fermanagh where it becomes the A32. The N54 route from Monaghan and Clones joins the N3 at Butlersbridge. The N55 links Cavan to Athlone via Ballinagh and Granard.

Bus Éireann provide bus services to villages and towns across the county, including a direct route from Cavan to Dublin Airport.

Rail

In the mid-1850s the Midland Great Western Railway built a line between the Inny Junction in Co. Westmeath (along their expanding network which was eventually to reach Sligo) and Cavan town. The first railway station to open in Cavan, was Cavan railway station in 1856. Many notable railway stations were built in the 19th century such as Kingscourt railway station and the Cavan and Leitrim Railway. The railways were an important part of the economic development of Cavan and carried passengers and freight to all over Ireland. The railways also helped the popularity of GAA in Cavan grow, spectators could travel easily between towns.

After World War II, due to the shortage of coal in the country, uneconomic lines were terminated. In 1947 all passenger services were terminated though the transport of freight and livestock continued. The Great Northern Railway (G.N.R.) continued to serve the Cavan and Leitrim Railway. However, in 1959 all services along the remaining rail lines were terminated and the stations along their routes were closed.

Belturbet railway station is open as a railway museum.

Water

In the historical context and before water levels in lakes were lowered, water transport in the region was once very important through the complex of lakes and waterways that fed into the major river systems such as the Erne, Shannon and Boyne. Today however this is mainly confined to leisure craft on the River Erne and Shannon-Erne Waterway from Belturbet and Ballyconnell as well as for angling activities. Cavan also has 365 lakes all around, one for everyday of the year.

Sport

In Gaelic football,the dominant sport in the county, Cavan GAA competes annually in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, which it has won 5 times, between 1933 and 1952. The team is currently in division 1 of the National Football League. Cavan is the only county in Ireland without a senior hurling team, the county board having discontinued the team in 2011. The sport was on the decline and the senior team was disbanded to promote Hurling at junior level.^[15]

The first GAA club founded in Cavan was Ballyconnell in 1885. However the club didn’t affiliate to GAA Central Council until March 1886 so that can be taken as the founding of the GAA in Cavan and Ulster.^[16] The most successful club in Cavan is Cornafean with 20 Senior Football Championship titles, their last title was won in 1956. The most successful club in recent years has been Cavan Gaels GAA which has won 6 of the last 10 Senior Football Championships. Kingscourt Stars are the current senior football champions, having defeated Castlerahan in the 2015 decider. No team from Cavan has ever won a national or provincial title.

There is a strong history of athletics in Cavan, with a 300m Tartan track in Shercock and other athletics facilities throughout the county. There are five athletics clubs in the county at present, but there have been many more over the years. The current athletics clubs are Annalee AC, Bailieborough AC, Innyvale AC, Laragh AC and Shercock AC.

Cavan has two rugby football clubs, Co. Cavan R.F.C. and Virginia R.F.C., both teams compete in the Ulster qualifying leagues.

Fishing is a very popular activity in Cavan because of its complex of large rivers and lakes.

Cavan (blue) in action against The Queen's University of Belfast in the 2009 Dr. McKenna Cup

Below is a list of various sporting clubs in Cavan:

Demographics

As of 2016^[update] Cavan had a population of 76,176,^[2] a modest increase on the 2011 census. The 2016 census reported the county's most numerous non-Irish nationalities as UK, Poland and Lithuania respectively.^[2]

Religion

The 2016 Census reported that of Cavan's 76,173 residents, 82% (62,393 people) identified as Roman Catholic. Other stated religions made up 11% of the population (8,671 people). 5% (3,904 people) stated that they followed no religion. 2% (1,209 people) did not state their religion.

The Cathedral of Saint Patrick and Saint Felim in Cavan town, is the seat of the Bishop of Kilmore and the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kilmore. St Fethlimidh's Cathedral, near Cavan town in Kilmore, is one of two cathedral churches in the Diocese of Kilmore, Elphin and Ardagh of the Church of Ireland. The Cavan Baptist Church is located in Oldtown and the Islamic Cultural Centre, which is primarily used as a mosque, is located in Cavan town. There are two Methodist churches located in Ballyconnell and Corlespratten. There are a number of Presbyterian churches throughout the county and a restored 1800's Wesleyan Chapel in Bailieborough.

Economy

Cavan town is the most populous in the county

Agriculture is the largest industry in the county, especially dairy milk processing as well as pig and beef farming. Much of Cavan's land consists of clay soils, which are rich in minerals, but heavy and poorly drained, making pasture farming the dominant farming system in the county.^[19] There is a total farmed area of 144,269 hectares (356,500 acres) in the county, and there are approximately 219,568 cattle in Cavan. Lakeland Dairies Group, which is based in Killeshandra and has manufacturing sites located throughout Cavan, is Ireland's second largest dairy co-operative with an annual revenue of €545 million.^[20]

Cavan is one of Ireland's leading counties for pig production, with the county's farms raising a fifth of the national pig herd. Pig farming regulations have put pressure on the industry, which is highly dependent on affordable credit.^[21] Traditionally an agricultural economy, Cavan has since expanded in other industries, chiefly quarrying, energy production and manufacturing facilities. As of April 2012, Cavan produces 122.02 megawatts of wind energy. The largest wind farm is at Bindoo, which produces 48 megawatts of energy.^[22] Peat cutting exists in the northwest of the county, in the Cuilcagh range. Major industries such as Quinn Quaries and Gypsum Industries are also important employers within the county. There are a number of quarries located in the county and the Quinn cement facility is located in Ballyconnell.^[23]

Average Disposable Income per Person in Cavan is €17,251, roughly €4,000 behind Dublin, Ireland's richest county and 89.3% of the state average. The county has seen a significant drop in average disposable income since the 2006 Census.^[24][25]

Notable people

• 
  Henry Brooke (1703-1783) - writer


• 
  Charlotte Brooke (1740-1793) - writer


• 
  Thomas "Broken-Hand" Fitzpatrick (1799-1854) - famous "mountain man", U.S. Indian Agent, trailblazer and fur trapper


• 
  Mary Anne Sadlier (1820-1903) - writer


• 
  Timothy J. Campbell 1840-1904), Cavan-born American lawyer and politician from New York


• 
  Eochaid mac Colla (Saint Dallán or Dallán Forgaill) (c. 430-598) - early Christian poet, writer, and martyr to whom the original Old Irish words of the hymn "Be Thou My Vision" are often attributed.


• 
  Marcus Daly (1841–1900), Cavan-born American businessman known as one of the three "Copper Kings" of Butte, Montana, United States


• 
  Agnes O'Farrelly (1874-1951) - academic, writer and political activist


• 
  Séamus Dolan (1914–2010), Fianna Fáil politician, Cathaoirleach (chairman) of Seanad Éireann from 1977 to 1981


• 
  Eric Dorman-Smith (1895-1969) - British Army Brigadier in WWII, later member of the Irish Republican Army
  


• 
  Cathal Buí Mac Giolla Ghunna ("Yellow Cathal McElgunn")(c. 1680 – 1756), poet, wrote the famous poem "An Bonnán Buí" ("The Yellow Bittern"), which laments the fate of the bird and notes wryly that the bird had died for want of a drink while he himself was dying because of too much of it


• 
  Tom MacIntyre (b. 1931) - writer


• 
  Michael Harding (b. 1953) - writer


• 
  Gerard Beirne (b. 1962) - writer


• 
  Neven Maguire (born 1974), chef and television personality; born in Blacklion; head chef and proprietor of his family's restaurant in the village


• 
  Owen Roe McGovern(1917 – 2011) - former Cavan Gaelic footballer


• 
  Thomas McGovern (1832— 1898),former Roman Catholic Bishop of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
  


• 
  John William Nixon (1880 – 1949) -M.B.E. - notorious District Inspector with both the R.I.C. and R.U.C. in Belfast. A prominent Orangeman, he was suspected of involvement in the McMahon killings in Belfast in March 1922. He later became an Independent Unionist M.P. at Stormont. He was from Graddum, near Kilnaleck.


• 
  James Owens (1827 – 20 August 1901) - recipient of the Victoria Cross


• 
  Edward James Saunderson MP (1837–1906), born in County Cavan; Irish Unionist and Privy Councillor
  


• 
  John P. Wilson TD (1923-2007), born in Mullahoran, All Ireland SFC Winner and Tánaiste from 1990 to 1993


• William C. Clendenneng (later Clendenning), Quebec manufacturer, merchant figure and politician in Montreal, [1833-1907]. Owner of Canada's most important iron foundries in operation from 1868 to 1904.^{[citation needed]}
  


• Sean “Dawsy” Purcell (Cavan Senior Hurler) played full forward on Cavan’s All-Ireland SHC win in 2017. (2003-present).

Surnames

Most common surnames in County Cavan at the time of the United Kingdom Census of 1901,^[26] by order of incidence:

1. O'Reilly


2. Brady


3. Smith


4. McGovern


5. Lynch


6. Smyth


7. Clarke


8. McCabe


9. Sheridan


10. Maguire

See also

• List of abbeys and priories in Ireland (County Cavan)


• Lord Lieutenant of Cavan


• High Sheriff of Cavan


• Ralaghan Man

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to County Cavan.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for County Cavan.

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Cavan (county).

• Official website


• Cavan County Museum


• Cavan Heritage website


• Cavan County Council Retail Strategy 2008-2014


• Development plans for County Cavan and Cavan Town and Environs

Coordinates: 53°55′N 7°15′W / 53.917°N 7.250°W / 53.917; -7.250