75th United States Congress



































75th United States Congress


74th ←

→ 76th


USCapitol1956.jpg

United States Capitol (1956)

January 3, 1937 – January 3, 1939
Senate President
John N. Garner (D)
Senate President pro tem
Key Pittman (D)
House Speaker
William B. Bankhead (D)
Members 96 senators
435 members of the House
5 non-voting delegates
Senate Majority Democratic
House Majority Democratic
Sessions

1st: January 5, 1937 – August 21, 1937
2nd: November 15, 1937 – December 21, 1937
3rd: January 3, 1938 – June 16, 1938



Washington, D.C., March 25, 1937: Navy Chaplain Edward Duff opens the House of Representatives with a prayer for the first time since 1820. It was the first time in 117 years that the Navy was again honored in giving the invocation. Left to right: James S. Montgomery, Chaplain of the House; Speaker William Bankhead; and Capt. Edward A. Duff, Chief of Chaplains U.S. Navy


The Seventy-fifth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1937, to January 3, 1939, during the first two years of the second administration of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. (Because of the 20th amendment, starting in 1937 the new Presidential term began 17 days after that of the new Congress). The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fifteenth United States Census, conducted in 1930. Both chambers had a Democratic supermajority.


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Contents






  • 1 Major events


  • 2 Major legislation


  • 3 Party summary


    • 3.1 Senate


    • 3.2 House of Representatives




  • 4 Leadership


    • 4.1 Senate


    • 4.2 House of Representatives




  • 5 Members


    • 5.1 Senate


      • 5.1.1 Alabama


      • 5.1.2 Arizona


      • 5.1.3 Arkansas


      • 5.1.4 California


      • 5.1.5 Colorado


      • 5.1.6 Connecticut


      • 5.1.7 Delaware


      • 5.1.8 Florida


      • 5.1.9 Georgia


      • 5.1.10 Idaho


      • 5.1.11 Illinois


      • 5.1.12 Indiana


      • 5.1.13 Iowa


      • 5.1.14 Kansas


      • 5.1.15 Kentucky


      • 5.1.16 Louisiana


      • 5.1.17 Maine


      • 5.1.18 Maryland


      • 5.1.19 Massachusetts


      • 5.1.20 Michigan


      • 5.1.21 Minnesota


      • 5.1.22 Mississippi


      • 5.1.23 Missouri


      • 5.1.24 Montana


      • 5.1.25 Nebraska


      • 5.1.26 Nevada


      • 5.1.27 New Hampshire


      • 5.1.28 New Jersey


      • 5.1.29 New Mexico


      • 5.1.30 New York


      • 5.1.31 North Carolina


      • 5.1.32 North Dakota


      • 5.1.33 Ohio


      • 5.1.34 Oklahoma


      • 5.1.35 Oregon


      • 5.1.36 Pennsylvania


      • 5.1.37 Rhode Island


      • 5.1.38 South Carolina


      • 5.1.39 South Dakota


      • 5.1.40 Tennessee


      • 5.1.41 Texas


      • 5.1.42 Utah


      • 5.1.43 Vermont


      • 5.1.44 Virginia


      • 5.1.45 Washington


      • 5.1.46 West Virginia


      • 5.1.47 Wisconsin


      • 5.1.48 Wyoming




    • 5.2 House of Representatives


      • 5.2.1 Alabama


      • 5.2.2 Arizona


      • 5.2.3 Arkansas


      • 5.2.4 California


      • 5.2.5 Colorado


      • 5.2.6 Connecticut


      • 5.2.7 Delaware


      • 5.2.8 Florida


      • 5.2.9 Georgia


      • 5.2.10 Idaho


      • 5.2.11 Illinois


      • 5.2.12 Indiana


      • 5.2.13 Iowa


      • 5.2.14 Kansas


      • 5.2.15 Kentucky


      • 5.2.16 Louisiana


      • 5.2.17 Maine


      • 5.2.18 Maryland


      • 5.2.19 Massachusetts


      • 5.2.20 Michigan


      • 5.2.21 Minnesota


      • 5.2.22 Mississippi


      • 5.2.23 Missouri


      • 5.2.24 Montana


      • 5.2.25 Nebraska


      • 5.2.26 Nevada


      • 5.2.27 New Hampshire


      • 5.2.28 New Jersey


      • 5.2.29 New Mexico


      • 5.2.30 New York


      • 5.2.31 North Carolina


      • 5.2.32 North Dakota


      • 5.2.33 Ohio


      • 5.2.34 Oklahoma


      • 5.2.35 Oregon


      • 5.2.36 Pennsylvania


      • 5.2.37 Rhode Island


      • 5.2.38 South Carolina


      • 5.2.39 South Dakota


      • 5.2.40 Tennessee


      • 5.2.41 Texas


      • 5.2.42 Utah


      • 5.2.43 Vermont


      • 5.2.44 Virginia


      • 5.2.45 Washington


      • 5.2.46 West Virginia


      • 5.2.47 Wisconsin


      • 5.2.48 Wyoming


      • 5.2.49 Non-voting members






  • 6 Changes in membership


    • 6.1 Senate


    • 6.2 House of Representatives




  • 7 Committees


    • 7.1 Senate


    • 7.2 House of Representatives


    • 7.3 Joint committees




  • 8 Caucuses


  • 9 Employees


    • 9.1 Senate


    • 9.2 House of Representatives




  • 10 See also


  • 11 References





Major events




  • January 20, 1937: President Franklin D. Roosevelt begins his second term.

  • February 5, 1937: Roosevelt's court-packing plan proposed

  • March 26, 1937: William Henry Hastie becomes the first African-American appointed to a federal judgeship.

  • April 12, 1937: National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation: The Supreme Court of the United States ruled the National Labor Relations Act constitutional.

  • July 22, 1937: Senate rejects the court-packing plan

  • October 5, 1937: Roosevelt delivers the Quarantine Speech



Major legislation




  • May 1, 1937: Neutrality Acts of 1937

  • June 3, 1937: Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act, ch. 296, 50 Stat. 246

  • August 2, 1937: Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 50 Stat. 553

  • August 5, 1937: National Cancer Institute Act, Pub.L. 75–244, ch. 565, 50 Stat. 559

  • August 17, 1937: Miller-Tydings Act, ch. 690, title VIII, 50 Stat. 693

  • March 21, 1938: Wheeler–Lea Act, ch. 49, 52 Stat. 111

  • May 24, 1938: La Follette-Bulwinkle Act, ch. 267, 52 Stat. 439

  • June 8, 1938: Foreign Agents Registration Act, ch. 327, 52 Stat. 631

  • June 21, 1938: Natural Gas Act, ch. 556, 52 Stat. 821

  • June 25, 1938: Civil Aeronautics Act, ch. 601, 52 Stat. 973

  • June 25, 1938: Fair Labor Standards Act, ch. 676, 52 Stat. 1060

  • June 25, 1938: Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, ch. 675, 52 Stat. 1040

  • June 25, 1938: Wagner-O'Day Act, ch. 697, 52 Stat. 1196



Party summary



Senate











































































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Democratic
(D)

Farmer-Labor
(F)

Progressive
(P)

Republican
(R)

Independent
(I)
End of the previous congress

73

1

1

21

0
96
0

Begin

76

2

1

16

1

96
0
End 74 18
Final voting share 7001771009999900000♠77.1% 7000210000000000000♠2.1% 7000100000000000000♠1.0% 7001188000000000000♠18.8% 7000100000000000000♠1.0%
Beginning of the next congress

69

2

1

23

1
96
0


House of Representatives
















House seats by party holding plurality in state


  80+% to 100% Democratic


  80+% to 100% Republican


  60+% to 80% Democratic


  60+% to 80% Republican


  Up to 60% Democratic


  Up to 60% Republican















































































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Democratic
(D)

Farmer-Labor
(FL)

Progressive
(P)

Republican
(R)
Other

End of the previous congress

311

5

0

114

0
430
5

Begin

334

5

1

88

7

435
0
End 325 87 8 426 9
Final voting share 7001763000000000000♠76.3% 7000120000000000000♠1.2% 6999200000000000000♠0.2% 7001204009999900000♠20.4% 7000190000000000000♠1.9%
Beginning of the next congress

256

1

3

173

1
434
0


Leadership




(L-R): House Speaker William Bankhead, Senate Majority Leader Alben Barkley, and House Majority Leader Sam Rayburn




(L-R): Vice President John Nance Garner, Senate Majority Leader Alben Barkley, Speaker of the House William Bankhead, and House Majority Leader Sam Rayburn, January 9, 1939



Senate




  • President: John N. Garner (D)


  • President pro tempore: Key Pittman (D)


  • Majority Leader: Joseph Taylor Robinson (D), until July 14, 1937

    • Alben W. Barkley (D), from July 14, 1937



  • Majority Whip: J. Hamilton Lewis (D)


  • Minority Leader: Charles McNary (R)


  • Democratic Caucus Secretary: Joshua B. Lee (D)


  • Republican Conference Secretary: Frederick Hale (R)



House of Representatives




  • Speaker: William B. Bankhead (D)


  • Majority Leader: Sam Rayburn (D)


  • Minority Leader: Bertrand Snell (R)


  • Democratic Whip: Patrick J. Boland


  • Republican Whip: Harry Lane Englebright


  • Democratic Caucus Chairman: Robert L. Doughton


  • Republican Conference Chairman: Roy O. Woodruff


  • Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Patrick H. Drewry



Members



Senate


Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election, In this Congress, Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1938; Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1940; and Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1942.











House of Representatives


The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.












Changes in membership


The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.



Senate































































































State
(class)
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

Tennessee
(2)

Nathan L. Bachman (D)
Died April 23, 1937. Successor was appointed to serve until the next election.

George L. Berry (D)
May 6, 1937

Arkansas
(2)

Joseph T. Robinson (D)
Died July 14, 1937

John E. Miller (D)
November 15, 1937

Alabama
(3)

Hugo Black (D)
Resigned August 19, 1937, after being appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Successor was appointed to serve until the next election.

Dixie Bibb Graves (D)
August 20, 1937

Alabama
(3)

Dixie Bibb Graves (D)
Resigned January 10, 1938, after successor was elected.

J. Lister Hill (D)
January 11, 1938

New Jersey
(1)

A. Harry Moore (D)
Resigned January 17, 1938, after being elected Governor of New Jersey. Successor was appointed to serve until the next election.

John G. Milton (D)
January 18, 1938

Oregon
(3)

Frederick Steiwer (R)
Resigned January 31, 1938, due to poor health. Successor was appointed to serve until the next election.

Alfred E. Reames (D)
February 1, 1938

New York
(1)

Royal S. Copeland (D)
Died June 17, 1938.

James M. Mead (D)
December 3, 1938

California
(3)

William G. McAdoo (D)
Resigned November 8, 1938, after losing nomination for upcoming term. Successor was appointed to serve until the next election.

Thomas M. Storke (D)
November 9, 1938

New Jersey
(1)

John G. Milton (D)
Successor was elected November 8, 1938.

William W. Barbour (R)
November 8, 1938

Oregon
(3)

Alfred E. Reames (D)
Successor was elected November 8, 1938.

Alexander G. Barry (R)
November 9, 1938

South Dakota
(3)

Herbert E. Hitchcock (D)
Appointed during previous congress to fill term of Sen. Peter Norbeck. Unsuccessful candidate for full term. Successor was elected November 8, 1938.

Gladys Pyle (R)
November 9, 1938

Tennessee
(2)

George L. Berry (D)
Unsuccessful candidate for full term. Successor was elected November 8, 1938. Although eligible and elected, did not "take his seat" as he preferred to remain as district attorney general. Nevertheless, his service begins when eligible and elected, not upon the taking of an oath.[1]

Tom Stewart (D)
November 8, 1938.


House of Representatives

















































































































































































District
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

Virginia 3rd

Andrew Jackson Montague (D)
Died January 24, 1937

Dave E. Satterfield, Jr. (D)
November 2, 1937

Texas 10th

James P. Buchanan (D)
Died February 22, 1937

Lyndon B. Johnson (D)
April 10, 1937

California 10th

Henry E. Stubbs (D)
Died February 28, 1937

Alfred J. Elliott (D)
May 4, 1937

Pennsylvania 18th

Benjamin K. Focht (R)
Died March 27, 1937

Richard M. Simpson (R)
May 11, 1937

New York 27th

Philip A. Goodwin (R)
Died June 6, 1937

Lewis K. Rockefeller (R)
November 2, 1937

Massachusetts 7th

William P. Connery, Jr. (D)
Died June 15, 1937

Lawrence J. Connery (D)
September 28, 1937

New York 17th

Theodore A. Peyser (D)
Died August 8, 1937

Bruce F. Barton (R)
November 2, 1937

Ohio 4th

Frank Le Blond Kloeb (D)
Resigned August 19, 1937, after being appointed as a justice of United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio, Western Div.

Walter H. Albaugh (R)
November 8, 1938

New York 25th

Charles D. Millard (R)
Resigned September 29, 1937, after being elected surrogate of Westchester County, New York

Ralph A. Gamble (R)
November 2, 1937

Massachusetts 11th

John P. Higgins (D)
Resigned September 30, 1937, after being appointed chief justice of the Massachusetts Superior Court

Thomas A. Flaherty (D)
December 14, 1937

Oklahoma 5th

Robert P. Hill (D)
Died October 29, 1937

Gomer Griffith Smith (D)
December 10, 1937

Arkansas 2nd

John E. Miller (D)
Resigned November 14, 1937, after being elected to the US Senate
Vacant until the next Congress

Pennsylvania 33rd

Henry Ellenbogen (D)
Resigned January 3, 1938, after being elected judge of Common Pleas of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Vacant until the next Congress

Alabama 2nd

J. Lister Hill (D)
Resigned January 11, 1938, after being elected to the US Senate

George M. Grant (D)
June 14, 1938

New Jersey 9th

Edward A. Kenney (D)
Died January 27, 1938
Vacant until the next Congress

California 17th

Charles J. Colden (D)
Died April 15, 1938
Vacant until the next Congress

Kentucky 8th

Fred M. Vinson (D)
Resigned May 27, 1938, after being appointed associate justice of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit

Joe B. Bates (D)
June 4, 1938

New Hampshire 1st

Arthur B. Jenks (R)
Lost contested election June 9, 1938

Alphonse Roy (D)
June 9, 1938

South Carolina 6th

Allard H. Gasque (D)
Died June 17, 1938

Elizabeth Hawley Gasque (D)
September 13, 1937

New York 1st

Robert L. Bacon (R)
Died September 12, 1938
Vacant until the next Congress

Resident Commissioner of the Philippines

Quintin Paredes (NAC)
Resigned September 29, 1938

Joaquín Miguel Elizalde (NAC)
September 29, 1938

New York 15th

John J. Boylan (D)
Died October 5, 1938
Vacant until the next Congress

Iowa 1st

Edward C. Eicher (D)
Resigned December 2, 1938, after being appointed a commissioner to the Securities and Exchange Commission
Vacant until the next Congress

New York 42nd

James M. Mead (D)
Resigned December 2, 1938, after being elected to the U.S. Senate
Vacant until the next Congress

Maryland 5th

Stephen W. Gambrill (D)
Died December 19, 1938
Vacant until the next Congress


Committees


Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (4 links), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.












Caucuses




  • Democratic (House)


  • Democratic (Senate)



Employees




  • Architect of the Capitol: David Lynn[2]
    • Assistant Architect: Horace D. Rouzer[2]



  • Attending Physician of the United States Congress: George Calver


  • Librarian of Congress: Herbert Putnam


  • Public Printer of the United States: Augustus E. Giegengack



Senate




  • Chaplain: Reverend ZeBarney Thorne Phillips[2]


  • Parliamentarian: Charles L. Watkins[2]


  • Secretary: Edwin Alexander Halsey[2]

    • Chief Clerk: John C. Crockett[2]

    • Librarian: Ruskin McArdle[2]




  • Sergeant at Arms: Chesley W. Jurney[2]
    • Postmaster: Jack W. Gates[2]




House of Representatives




  • Chaplain: James Shera Montgomery[2] (Methodist)


  • Clerk: South Trimble[2]

    • Journal clerk: Louis Sirkey[2]


    • Reading Clerks: A.E. Chaffee, Patrick J. Haltigan[2]

    • Librarian: W. Perry Miller[2]




  • Doorkeeper: Joseph J. Sinnott[2]


  • Parliamentarian: Lewis Deschler[2]


  • Postmaster: Finis E. Scott[2]


  • Sergeant at Arms: Kenneth Romney[2]

  • Postmaster: Finis E. Scott[2]



See also




  • United States elections, 1936 (elections leading to this Congress)

    • United States presidential election, 1936

    • United States Senate elections, 1936

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1936




  • United States elections, 1938 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)

    • United States Senate elections, 1938

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1938





References





  1. ^ ab Tom Stewart won a special election November 8, 1938. Although eligible and elected, did not "take his seat" as he preferred to remain as district attorney general. Nevertheless, his service begins when eligible and elected, not upon the taking of an oath.


  2. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrs Official Congressional Directory for the United States Congress. Washington: United States Government Printing Office. 1937. pp. 760.





  • House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 75th Congress (PDF)..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 75th Congress, 1st Session.


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 75th Congress, 1st Session (Revision).


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 75th Congress, 3rd Session.


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 75th Congress, 3rd Session (Revision).









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