People's Deputy of Ukraine
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A People's Deputy of Ukraine (Ukrainian: народний депутат України, narodnyi deputat Ukrayiny) is a member of parliament, legislator elected by a popular vote to the Verkhovna Rada (the parliament of Ukraine). Often People's Deputies of Ukraine are referred to simply as the "deputies". However it should be distinguished that regular deputies are members of regional and local councils, while people's deputies are elected to the national parliament, Verkhovna Rada. Prior to 1991, it was named the Supreme Council of People's Deputies of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.
The main statutes that define the order of elections, rights and duties of the People's Deputies of Ukraine are outlined in Articles 76 - 81 of the Constitution of Ukraine. There are 450 people's deputies of Ukraine who are elected based on the general, equal and direct electoral right. The deputies may be appointed to various parliamentary positions such as the chairperson (speaker) of parliament, a head of a committee or a parliamentary faction, etc. Upon its appointment to the office each people's deputy of Ukraine receives a deputy mandate.
People's Deputies that ran for the parliament as self-nominated candidates will join factions if they wish.[1]
Since 2016 (In line with new anti-corruption rules) all senior public officials (thus also people's deputies) must declare their wealth in an electronic database.[2]
Contents
1 Requirements
1.1 Requirements to candidates
1.2 Requirements to the deputy's mandate
2 Oath of office
3 Immunity
4 Termination of office
5 Problems among People's Deputies
5.1 Tushky
5.2 Knopkodavy
6 See also
7 References
Requirements
Requirements to candidates
The People's Deputy of Ukraine may be elected a citizen of Ukraine who at the day of elections turned 21, has the right to vote, and resides within Ukraine for the last five (5) years.[3][4] There were number of deputies who before being elected to parliament held the citizenship of Ukraine no more than two years. Among them were Dmytro Salamatin, Vadim Novinsky, and others.
A citizen of Ukraine cannot be elected to the Verkhovna Rada if he has a conviction for committing a crime and that conviction is neither extinguished nor taken out of records by the law established order.
Requirements to the deputy's mandate
Each deputy carries out his/hers duties on a continuous base.
A deputy may not possess any other representative mandates, be appointed to the state service, be placed in other salaried positions, participate in other paid or entrepreneurial activity (except for teaching, scientific or artistic), be a member of a governing body or a supervisory council of a company or organization that are for profit. A candidates that was elected into parliament has to submit to the Central Election Commission of Ukraine documents confirming their dismissal from their previous work place within 20 days after the election.[5]
The requirements for the incompatibility of a deputy's mandate with other types of activities are established by the Law.
In case of appearance of circumstances that breach the requirements for the incompatibility of a deputy's mandate with other types of activities, the People's Deputy of Ukraine in a 20-day term from the day of appearance of such circumstances stops that activity or submits a personal statement of resignation as the People's Deputy of Ukraine.
On 13 March 2012 the Constitutional Court of Ukraine declared unconstitutional a ban on the participation of public officials and people's deputies in general meetings of companies or organizations that work for profit.[6]
In October 2016 a requirement was placed upon deputies to declare their wealth. In the first register the 413 deputies cumulatively declared wealth of about $460 million. Reacting to public criticism, deputies cancelled a salary rise that would have doubled their salary.[7] This measure was part of an Anti-Corruption Package passed into law in October 2014, which was a requirement of international financial support for Ukraine.[8][9]
Oath of office
Before assuming office, the Verkhovna Rada's deputies must take the following oath before the parliament:
In original Ukrainian:
| “ | Присягаю на вірність Україні. Зобов'язуюсь усіма своїми діями боронити суверенітет і незалежність України, дбати про благо Вітчизни і добробут Українського народу. Присягаю додержуватися Конституції України та законів України, виконувати свої обов'язки в інтересах усіх співвітчизників.[10] | ” |
In English translation:
| “ | I swear allegiance to Ukraine. I commit myself with all my deeds to protect the sovereignty and independence of Ukraine, to provide for the good of the Motherland and for the welfare of the Ukrainian people. I swear to abide by the Constitution of Ukraine and the laws of Ukraine, to carry out my duties in the interests of all compatriots.[11] | ” |
Prior to the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election the oath was read by the eldest deputy before the opening of the first session of the newly elected Ukrainian Parliament (Verkhovna Rada), after which deputies affirm the oath by their signatures under its text.[12] At the first session of the newly elected Ukrainian Parliament on 27 November 2014 all the deputies simultaneously read out the oath.[12]
A refusal of taking the oath is followed by the loss (forfeiture) of a deputy's mandate.
An authority of the People's Deputy of Ukraine starts from the moment of taking the oath.
Immunity
Article 80. The parliamentary immunity is guaranteed to the peoples' deputies of Ukraine.[13]
The peoples' deputies of Ukraine do not carry a legal responsibility for the results of voting and their saying in the parliament and its bodies, except the responsibility for an insult or a defamation.
The peoples' deputies of Ukraine cannot be held criminally liable, detained or arrested without the agreement of the Verkhovna Rada.
Termination of office
The authority of peoples' deputies of Ukraine lapses at the end of the official session (convocation) of the Verkhovna Rada.
The authority of a People's Deputy of Ukraine is terminated early in case of:
- resignation via personal statement
- entry into legal force of a conviction
- court recognition of him/her being either disabled or absent without notice
- renouncing citizenship or leaving Ukraine for permanent residence abroad
- if in a 20-day term from the day of appearance of such circumstances that breach the requirements for the incompatibility of a deputy's mandate with other types of activities such circumstances are not resolved
- failure of the people's deputy of Ukraine elected by a political party to become affiliated as a member of the parliamentary faction of that party or disaffiliated as a member (the so-called Imperative mandate)[14]
- his/her death
The Verkhovna Rada terminates the powers of people's deputies appointed to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.[15]
Problems among People's Deputies
Deputy's absence from parliamentary meetings is being countered by withholding salary.[16]
Tushky
The term tushky is a popular political term which refers to a member of Verkhovna Rada who participates in party switching.
Knopkodavy
Knopkodavy (lit. "button-pushers") refers to members of Verkhovna Rada who cast a vote for other members of parliament in their absence. Deputies voting for non-present colleagues is notorious in Ukraine and is also referred to as "piano voting".[17] Before the start of every session of the parliament, deputies will register personally with their people's deputy cards and personal signatures.[18] The deputies should also register via the parliamentary electronic system at the session hall, and thus other people will be unable to register in place of deputies.[18] On 22 February, 2013, procedural measures were implemented to prevent multiple voting.[19] Voting for other deputies is now prohibited by law.[20] Despite this, deputies have stated they could not take part in votes, although their votes were registered in parliament.[20][21][22] In April 2011 a vote of a deputy was registered although the man had died four days before the voting.[23][24] A bill on introducing voting of lawmakers with help of a touch-sensitive key was not passed in mid-March 2011.[25]
See also
- Corruption in Ukraine#Political corruption
- Deputy (legislator)
- Member of Parliament
References
^ Yanukovych signs law on open voting to elect parliamentary chairman, Kyiv Post (19 November 2012)
^ Ukraine politicians' huge cash piles exposed in reform drive, BBC news (28 October 2016)
Lutsenko says MPs who failed to submit e-declaration face up to 2 years in prison, Interfax-Ukraine (2 November 2016)
^ (in Ukrainian)
Член ЦВК: Саламатін законно став нардепом, UNIAN (12 April 2012)
^ (in Ukrainian) Скандальний міністр незаконно був обраний до Верховної Ради, Ukrayinska Pravda (12 April 2012)
^ Azarov: ministers elected to parliament should decide on work place taking into account president's opinion, Kyiv Post (20 November 2012)
^ Constitutional Court allows officials, MPs to have corporate rights, according to court ruling, Interfax-Ukraine (20 March 2012)
^ Roman Olearchyk (1 November 2016). "Ukraine's MPs forgo pay rise as public balks at scale of wealth". Financial Times. Retrieved 2 November 2016..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ Reid Standish, Ian Bateson (4 November 2016). "Ukraine Has Opened Pandora's Database of Corruption". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
^ "Ukraine: parliament passes important laws to tackle corruption". Kyiv Post. 23 October 2014. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
^ "Стаття 79". Ukrainian Wikisource. Retrieved 2007-10-11.
^ "Article 79". Wikisource. Retrieved 2007-10-11.
^ ab CEC registers 357 newly elected deputies of 422 Archived 2014-11-26 at the Wayback Machine, National Radio Company of Ukraine (25 November 2014)
^ Parliament rejects opposition bill to lift immunity of deputies and judges, Interfax-Ukraine (14 April 2013)
^ (in Russian) Tomenko lost the court of its mandate and will complain to Europe, Ukrayinska Pravda (28 July 2016)
BPP Congress moves to terminate powers of MPs Tomenko, Firsov, UNIAN (25 March 2016)
"People's deputy of Ukraine VIII convocation Mykola Tomenko". Official portal (in Ukrainian). Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
^ Rada terminates mandates of Yatsenyuk, eight members of parliament appointed ministers, Kyiv Post (2 December 2014)
^ Ukrainian lawmakers fall short of half a million dollars in salaries in Jan-Sept for being absent, UNIAN (9 November 2018)
^ Crooked Lawmaking, The Ukrainian Week (12 March 2011)
Svoboda faction refuses to recognize Sorkin's appointment as NBU Governor, Kyiv Post (11 January 2012)
Ukraine re-elects Mykola Azarov as prime minister, Deutsche Welle (13 December 2012)
UDAR MPs prevent voting by card of deputy absent from Kyiv City Council, Interfax-Ukraine (20 December 2012)
Ukraine’s Opposition Program Requires Another Revolution by Taras Kuzio, The Jamestown Foundation (29 May 2012)
Yatsenyuk: Ukrainians elected People’s deputies but not voting cards, ForUm (6 February 2008)
Understanding Ukrainian Politics: Power, Politics, and Institutional Design by Paul D'Anieri, M.E. Sharpe, 2006,
ISBN 978-0-7656-1811-5, page 89
Opposition proposes introducing criminal liability for 'piano voting', Radio Ukraine (23 June 2012)
^ ab Tiahnybok proposes blocking voting cards of unregistered MPs, Kyiv Post (9 January 2013)
^ Parliament unblocked after Yanukovych televised claim (UPDATED), Kyiv Post (22 February 2013)
THE SECOND SESSION OF THE VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE OF THE SEVENTH CONVOCATION HAS OPENED, Verkhovna Rada (22 February 2013)
^ ab Danilova, Maria (5 July 2013). "Ukraine Parliament plagued by multiple voting". Yahoo. Associated Press. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
^ Tymoshenko faction deputy denies voting to extend parliament term, Kyiv Post (February 2, 2011)
^ Crooked Lawmaking, The Ukrainian Week (12 March 2011)
Svoboda faction refuses to recognize Sorkin's appointment as NBU Governor, Kyiv Post (11 January 2012)
Ukraine re-elects Mykola Azarov as prime minister, Deutsche Welle (13 December 2012)
UDAR MPs prevent voting by card of deputy absent from Kyiv City Council, Interfax-Ukraine (20 December 2012)
Ukraine’s Opposition Program Requires Another Revolution by Taras Kuzio, The Jamestown Foundation (29 May 2012)
Yatsenyuk: Ukrainians elected People’s deputies but not voting cards, ForUm (6 February 2008)
Understanding Ukrainian Politics: Power, Politics, and Institutional Design by Paul D'Anieri, M.E. Sharpe, 2006,
ISBN 978-0-7656-1811-5, page 89
Opposition proposes introducing criminal liability for 'piano voting', Radio Ukraine (23 June 2012)
^ ZIK: Dead lawmaker continues to vote in Ukraine parliament, Kyiv Post (April 23, 2011)
^ (in Ukrainian) Лісін Микола Павлович, Official website of the Verkhovna Rada
^ VR refused to make decision on introduction of personal voting of lawmakers with help of touch-sensitive key, UNIAN (March 17, 2011)
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