2014 Ukrainian presidential election
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Presidential elections were held in Ukraine on 25 May 2014, resulting in Petro Poroshenko being elected President of Ukraine.[3] Originally scheduled to take place on 29 March 2015, the date was changed following the 2014 Ukrainian revolution.[4][5][6] Poroshenko won the elections with 54.7% of the votes, enough to win in a single round.[1][7] His closest competitor was Yulia Tymoshenko, who emerged with 12.81% of the votes.[1] The Central Election Commission reported voter turnout at over 60% excluding those regions not under government control.[8][9] Since Poroshenko obtained an absolute majority in the first round, a run-off second ballot (on 15 June 2014[10]) was unnecessary.[3][11]
The elections were not held throughout Ukraine. During the 2014 Crimean crisis, Ukraine lost control over Crimea, which was unilaterally annexed by Russia in March 2014.[12][13][nb 1] As a result, elections were not held in Crimea.[3] In the Donbass region of Ukraine, only 20% of the ballot stations were open due to threats and violence by pro-Russia separatists.[15] Of the 2,430 planned ballot stations (in Donbass), only 426 remained open for polling.[15] The self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic, controlling large parts of Donbass, had vowed to do everything possible to disrupt the elections on their territory.[16]
Poroshenko will serve a five-year term in office.[17]
Contents
1 Background
1.1 Prior to the rescheduling of the election
1.2 Early 2014 elections
1.2.1 Scheduling
1.2.2 Escalation of pro-Russian unrest
1.3 Simultaneous mayoral elections
1.4 Russian reaction
2 Electoral system
2.1 Information technology framework for electoral monitoring – Elections 2014
3 Candidates
3.1 Registered candidates
3.2 Withdrawn candidates
3.2.1 Before deadline
3.2.2 After deadline
3.3 Rejected candidates
4 Opinion polls
5 International observers
6 Results
7 Reactions
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
11 External links
Background
Prior to the rescheduling of the election
Initially the elections were scheduled for 29 March 2015.[18]
On 7 December 2012, Fatherland nominated Yulia Tymoshenko as its presidential candidate.[19] On 14 June 2013, the congress of her party approved the decision to nominate her as its candidate for the presidential election.[20] On 11 October 2011, a Ukrainian court found Tymoshenko guilty of abuse of power, sentenced her to seven years in jail and banned her from seeking elected office for her period of imprisonment.[21][22][23] Because Tymoshenko was in prison during the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election, Arseniy Yatsenyuk headed the election list of Fatherland.[24][25] Tymoshenko remained in prison until 22 February 2014, after parliament voted for her release and removal of her criminal record, allowing her to compete for elected office once again.[12]
In May 2013, Fatherland, UDAR, and Svoboda vowed to coordinate their actions during the presidential campaign, and promised "to support the candidate from among these parties who wins a place in the run-off election".[26] If the election format were to change to a single round, the three parties vowed to agree on a single candidate.[26]
On 24 October 2013, the leader[27] of UDAR, Vitali Klitschko, announced he intended to take part in the election.[28] Experts and lawyers argued that it is unclear if Klitschko could take part.[28] Under Ukrainian law a presidential candidate must have had his residence in Ukraine for the past ten years prior to election day. Klitschko has lived for many years in both Ukraine and Germany, where, according to media reports, he has a residence permit.[28] Klitschko confirmed on 28 February 2014 that he will take part in the 2014 Ukrainian presidential election.[29] However, on 29 March, he withdrew from the race for the presidency, simultaneously pledging his support for Petro Poroshenko.[30]
Former President Viktor Yanukovych, prior to his dismissal and subsequent flight from the country (see below), was considered likely to run for his second and final term.[31][nb 2][nb 3] But, as of 19 December 2013, he had made no final decision on this.[35] On 19 December 2013, Yanukovych alluded to not participating when he stated "If, theoretically speaking, my rating is low and has no prospects, I won't hinder the country's development and movement ahead".[35]
Early 2014 elections
Scheduling
On 21 November 2013, the Ukrainian Second Azarov Government suspended preparations for signing an association agreement with the European Union.[12][36] The decision to postpone the signing of the association agreement led to massive protests across Ukraine.[37] These led to the removal of President Viktor Yanukovych and his government by the parliament in February, as part of the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, during which Yanukovych fled the country to Russia.[12][38] On 22 February 2014, the Verkhovna Rada voted 328–0[39] to dismiss Yanukovych as President.[40]Oleksandr Turchynov, deputy chairman of Fatherland, who had been appointed as Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada earlier that day,[41] was named acting Prime Minister,[42] and, due to Yanukovych's deposition, acting President, until new elections could be held.
In a press conference in the Russian city of Rostov-on-Don on 28 February, Yanukovych stated that he would not take part in the elections, stating that "I believe they are unlawful, and I will not take part in them".[43] It was later speculated that Serhiy Tihipko would be the presidential candidate of the Party of Regions, Yanukovych's former party.[44] The party's nomination went to Mykhailo Dobkin, however, and Tihipko entered the elections as an independent candidate.[45] Dobkin was amongst the persons wanted by the (then new) Yatsenyuk Government to be sent for trial at the International Criminal Court.[46]
During the 2014 Crimean crisis and Russian military intervention, Ukraine lost control over the Crimea, which was unilaterally annexed by Russia in March 2014.[12][13] As a result, elections were not held in the Crimea, but Ukrainians who had kept their Ukrainian citizenship were allowed to vote elsewhere in Ukraine.[3]
Escalation of pro-Russian unrest
In the Donbass region of the Eastern Ukraine, pro-Russian protests escalated into an armed separatist insurgency early in April 2014, when masked gunmen took control of several of the region's government buildings and towns.[12][47]
On 15 April 2014, Ukrainian media reported that the General Prosecutor of Ukraine had launched criminal proceedings against then-candidate Oleh Tsarov for allegedly aiding separatists and thus violating Ukraine's territorial integrity.[48] Tsarov withdrew his candidacy on 29 April.[49]
Serhiy Taruta, governor of Donetsk, has suggested a referendum, to be held on 15 June, at the same time as the potential second round of the election. The referendum would address the decentralization of political power, potentially giving regions a greater say in their own affairs, such as greater control over the taxes they levy and the power to make Russian a second official language.[10]
On 16 May 2014, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine ruled that the candidate elected as a result of the presidential election would serve a full five-year term of office.[17]
Voter turnout in Donetsk Oblast in the election
On 17 May 2014, the Central Election Commission of Ukraine (CEC) stated that, due to "illegal actions of unknown people", it could not arrange for the "preparation and conduct of elections" in six constituencies in the Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts.[50] According to the CEC, members of district election commissions there had received threats to their own personal safety and to that of their families.[50] The CEC warned that two million people in the two oblasts (provinces), about 5.6% of Ukraine's approximately 36 million eligible voters, could be deprived of their right to vote if the situation there did not improve.[50][nb 4][nb 5] On 22 May, the work of eighteen of the thirty-four election commissions in Donetsk[nb 6] and Luhansk Oblasts had been stopped fully or partially by representatives of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic and Lugansk People's Republic.[52] By 23 May, this number had increased to twenty of the thirty-four.[53] The Committee of Voters of Ukraine predicted on 23 May that, due to "ongoing acts of terrorism and armed insurgency", 10% of the Ukrainian population would be unable to vote.[54][nb 7] On the same day, the leader of the Lugansk People's Republic advised citizens not to go to the polls to vote, warning of possible provocative "explosions" set by Ukrainian military.[55]
Simultaneous mayoral elections
On 25 May 2014, 27 mayoral elections were also held,[56] including those in Odessa and Kiev.[56][57]
Russian reaction
Initially Russia opposed rescheduling the election because the Russian government considered the removal of then President Viktor Yanukovych illegal and his temporary successors an "illegitimate junta".[58] But on 7 May 2014 Russian President Vladimir Putin stated the election would be a step "in the right direction" but that the vote would decide nothing unless the rights of "all citizens" were protected.[59] At the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum on 23 May 2014, Putin appeared to further move away from Russia's initial position by announcing that Russia would respect the outcome of the elections in Ukraine and was ready to work with whoever won the presidency.[60]
The US and European Union vowed early May 2014 that they would impose further sanctions against Russia (sanctions have been in place against Russia since the 2014 Crimean crisis[61]) if it disrupted the election. However, unlike previous sanctions which were limited to individuals and companies, the third stage is set to target entire sectors of the Russian economy.[62] Earlier the US and the EU had accused Russia of destabilising Ukraine by stoking the 2014 pro-Russian rebellion in Eastern Ukraine, a charge Russia has denied.[63]
Electoral system
The term of office for the Ukrainian president is five years.[64][65][66] If no candidate had obtained an absolute majority in the first round, then the two highest polling candidates would have contested a run-off second ballot on 15 June 2014.[3][11]
Information technology framework for electoral monitoring – Elections 2014
Arsen Avakov[who?] underlined the importance of Elections 2014 a new IT elections monitoring system ("Ukrainian: Вибори 2014") that allowed voters to track the progress of the elections in real time, potentially increasing transparency, and avoiding the post-election disturbances seen in prior Ukrainian elections.[67] On 22 May 2014, three days before the election, hacker group CyberBerkut announced that it had compromised the primary servers of the Central Election Commission and stolen passwords from the servers.[68][69][70] As well, the Security Service of Ukraine investigated the servers and discovered a[clarification needed] that would have destroyed election results.[71] On election day, authorities arrested a group of hackers with specialized equipment in Kiev. They had been attempting to rig the election.[72]
Candidates
21 candidates took part in the elections; seven of them had been nominated by political parties, 15 were self-nominees.[45][73] A total of 18 candidates ran for president in 2010.[74] Before 7 April 2014, four Party of Regions members were running for election, but on 7 April 2014 the political council of the party expelled the presidential candidates Serhiy Tihipko, Oleh Tsarov and Yuriy Boiko from the party. On 29 March a Party of Regions convention supported Mykhailo Dobkin's nomination as a presidential candidate.[75]
Candidates were able to nominate themselves at the Central Election Commission of Ukraine from 25 February 2014 until 30 March 2014. The last date for registering candidates was 4 April 2014.[74][76][77] Candidates needed to submit a full package of documents and a 2.5 million hryvnia deposit.[74]
Registered candidates
Olha Bohomolets (independent)[45] (supported by the Socialist Party of Ukraine)[78]
Yuriy Boyko (self-nominated)[45]
Mykhailo Dobkin (Party of Regions)[45]
Andriy Hrynenko (independent)[45]
Anatoliy Hrytsenko (Civil Position)[79]
Valeriy Konovalyuk (independent)[45]
Vasyl Kuybida (People's Movement of Ukraine)[45]
Renat Kuzmin (independent)[45]
Oleh Lyashko (Radical Party)[45]
Mykola Malomuzh (independent)[45]
Petro Poroshenko (independent)[45] (supported by UDAR)
Vadym Rabynovych (independent)[45]
Volodymyr Saranov (independent)[45]
Serhiy Tihipko (self-nominated)[45] (supported by Strong Ukraine)
Oleh Tyahnybok (Svoboda)[45]
Yulia Tymoshenko (Fatherland)[45]
Dmytro Yarosh (Right Sector, self-nominated)[45]
Withdrawn candidates
Before deadline
Natalia Korolevska (independent), withdrew from race on 1 May.[80]
Oleh Tsarov (self-nominated), withdrew from race on 29 April.[49]
After deadline
Zoryan Shkiryak (independent), withdrew from race on 10 May.[81]
Petro Symonenko (Communist Party of Ukraine), withdrew from race on 16 May.[82][83]
Oleksandr Klymenko (Ukrainian People's Party), withdrew his candidacy on May 18 "to support Petro Poroshenko as the sole representative of the national democratic forces".[84]
Vasyl Tsushko (independent), withdrew from race on 22 May.[85]
The Central Election Commission was unable to remove from the ballot the names of candidates who withdrew from the race after the deadline of 1 May 2014.[86][87]
Rejected candidates
The Central Election Commission rejected some applications for candidate registration early in the process. It refused to register O. Burnashova, V. Marynych, A. Makhlai, A. Kucheryavenko, V. Chopei, L. Rozhnova, L. Maksymenko, D. Myroshnychenko, P. Rekal, T. Onopriyuk, and Z. Abbasov.[88][89][90][91][92] On 3 April 2014 the CEC rejected a further three candidates: a man named Darth Vader, Evhen Terekhov, and Yuriy Ivanitsky.[93]
On 29 March 2014, Vitali Klitschko (UDAR) endorsed Petro Poroshenko,[94] and announced he would run for Mayor of Kiev in the local election taking place alongside the presidential election.[95][96]
Opinion polls
Petro Poroshenko with his slogan in background "Live in the New Way"
International observers
The Central Election Commission of Ukraine (CEC) had registered 543 international official observers on 2 May 2014.[97] On 23 May (two days before the election) this number had risen to 3,607 (CEC had completed the registration of observers on 19 May but on 23 May had allowed 823 members of the observer organization European Platform for Democratic Elections).[98] Among others OSCE's Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, OSCE's Parliamentary Assembly, the Ukrainian World Congress and the United States sent observers.[97] OSCE deployed 100 long-term observers and 900 short-term observers.[99] On 9 May 2014 U.S. Assistant Secretary for European and Eurasian Affairs Victoria Nuland stated her country would support 255 long-term and more than 3,300 short-term observers.[100] Russia did not send observers.[101] Other Commonwealth of Independent States members also did not send observers; because Ukraine had not sent an invitation to the CIS Election Monitoring Organisation.[102]
Results
Turnout by region
Petro Poroshenko won the elections with 54.7% of the votes, when excluding the Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts that have 6.6 million residents.[1] His closest competitor was Yulia Tymoshenko, who emerged with 12.81% of the votes.[1] The Central Election Commission reported voter turnout at over 60% excluding those regions not under government control.[8][9] In the Donbass region of Ukraine only 20% of the ballot stations were open due to threats and violence by pro-Russia separatists.[15] Of the 2,430 planned ballot stations (in Donbass) only 426 remained open for polling.[15]
Exit polls had also predicted that Poroshenko won the election outright[103] with over 55.9% of the votes,[15]
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Petro Poroshenko | Independent | 9,857,308 | 54.70 | |
| Yulia Tymoshenko | All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland" | 2,310,050 | 12.81 | |
| Oleh Lyashko | Radical Party | 1,500,377 | 8.32 | |
| Anatoliy Hrytsenko | Civil Position | 989,029 | 5.48 | |
| Serhiy Tihipko | Independent | 943,430 | 5.23 | |
| Mykhailo Dobkin | Party of Regions | 546,138 | 3.03 | |
| Vadim Rabinovich | Independent | 406,301 | 2.25 | |
| Olga Bogomolets | Independent | 345,384 | 1.91 | |
| Petro Symonenko | Communist Party of Ukraine | 272,723 | 1.51 | |
| Oleh Tyahnybok | All-Ukrainian Union "Svoboda" | 210,476 | 1.16 | |
| Dmytro Yarosh | Right Sector | 127,772 | 0.70 | |
| Andriy Hrynenko | Independent | 73,277 | 0.40 | |
| Valeriy Konovalyuk | Independent | 69,572 | 0.38 | |
| Yuriy Boyko | Independent | 35,928 | 0.19 | |
| Mykola Malomuzh | Independent | 23,771 | 0.13 | |
| Renat Kuzmin | Independent | 18,689 | 0.10 | |
| Vasyl Kuybida | People's Movement of Ukraine | 12,391 | 0.06 | |
| Oleksandr Klymenko | Ukrainian People's Party | 10,542 | 0.05 | |
| Vasyl Tsushko | Independent | 10,434 | 0.05 | |
| Volodymyr Saranov | Independent | 6,232 | 0.03 | |
| Zoryan Shkiryak | Independent | 5,021 | 0.02 | |
| Invalid/blank votes | 244,659 | 1.35 | ||
| Total | 18,019,504 | 100 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 29,625,200[104] (without FED[105]) 30,099,246[104] | 60.19[106] (without FED[105]) 59,48[106] | ||
| Source: CEC[dead link] | ||||
Reactions
Despite Russia's earlier protest at rescheduling the election and the general tense relation between the countries at the time because of the annexation of Crimea and the Russian military intervention in Ukraine, Russian President Vladimir Putin recognised the vote.[107]
The leaders of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic and Lugansk People's Republic, controlling large parts of the Donbas region of Eastern Ukraine, declared that the regions had made their choice shown in the results of the status referendum of 11 May.[15]
US President Barack Obama congratulated Petro Poroshenko with his victory by telephone 2 days after the election.[108] This was also done by President of the European Commission José Manuel Barroso and European Parliament President Martin Schulz and other EU leaders such as German Chancellor Angela Merkel and French President François Hollande.[109][110]
See also
- Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2014
Notes
^ The status of the Crimea and of the city of Sevastopol is currently under dispute between Russia and Ukraine; Ukraine and the majority of the international community consider the Crimea to be an autonomous republic of Ukraine and Sevastopol to be one of Ukraine's cities with special status, while Russia, on the other hand, considers the Crimea to be a federal subject of Russia and Sevastopol to be one of Russia's three federal cities.[12][14]
^ Per Chapter V, Article 103 of the Constitution, the President is allowed to serve a maximum of two full 5-year terms. However, in 2003, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine permitted then-President Leonid Kuchma to run for a third term in the 2004 presidential election He chose not to run.[32]
^ Yanukovych ran in the 2010 Ukrainian presidential election as a candidate of Party of Regions[33] but suspended his membership in the Party of Regions after the election.[34]
^ Donetsk Oblast houses 3.3 million eligible voters (9.3% of Ukraine's total eligible electorate); Luhansk Oblast houses 1.8 million (5% of the total).[3] In Crimea (1.8 million eligible voters, comprising 5.1% of Ukraine's total eligible electorate), there was no voting, due to its annexation by Russia.[3]
^ 25.5 million Ukrainians voted in the second round of the 2010 presidential election.[51]
^ In western Donetsk, where paramilitary groups helped to suppress separatist activity, the vote went ahead as normal.[16]
^ According to the Committee of Voters of Ukraine, "most of the election committees are now meeting underground, and there have been a lot of kidnappings and threats".[16]
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^ Ukraine crisis: Russia's Putin 'backs 25 May election', BBC News (7 May 2014)
^ Russia's Vladimir Putin 'to respect' Ukraine vote, BBC News (23 May)
^ Ukraine crisis: EU and US impose sanctions over Crimea, BBC News (17 March 2014)
^ Obama, Merkel: More Sanctions If Russia Disrupts Election, NBC News (2 May 2014)
^
West warns Russia not to disrupt Kiev polls, Al Jazeera English (16 May 2014)
^ (in Ukrainian) Янукович отримав контрольний пакет у парламенті, Ukrayinska Pravda (2 February 2010)
^ Parliament sets parliamentary elections for October 2012, presidential elections for February 2014, Kyiv Post (1 February 2011)
^ Ukraine sets parliamentary vote for October 2012, Kyiv Post (1 February 2011)
^ Геоинформационная система МВД "Выборы 2014". Арсен Аваков [Geoinformation system Ministry of Internal Affairs "Elections 2014". Arsen Avakov] (in Russian). 22 May 2014. Archived from the original on 25 May 2014.CS1 maint: Unfit url (link)
^ "CyberBerkut announces destruction of electronic system of Ukraine's Central Election Commission". Voice of Russia.
^ "Pro-Russian Hackers Attack Central Election Commission of Ukraine".
^ "Ukraine: Electoral committee cyber-virus 'liquidated' – SBU chief".
^ "СБУ ліквідувала вірус, що мав знищити результати виборів | Українська правда". Pravda.com.ua. 23 May 2014.
^ "Authorities: Hackers foiled in bid to rig Ukraine presidential election results". Kyiv Post. 25 May 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
^ "В избирательном бюллетене остается 21 кандидат на пост президента – Магера : Новости УНИАН". Unian.net.
^ abc CEC registers seven more presidential candidates, including Poroshenko, Tymoshenko, Interfax-Ukraine (31 March 2014)
^ Ukraine's Party of Regions expels presidential hopefuls Tigipko, Tsariov and Boiko, Interfax-Ukraine (7 April 2014)
^ "President of All-Ukrainian Jewish Congress Rabynovych to register as presidential candidate". En.interfax.com.ua. 25 March 2014.
^ Nomination of presidential candidates in Ukraine to begin on February 25, says CEC head, Interfax-Ukraine (24 February 2014)
^ At the presidential elections SPU will support Olha Bohomolets Archived 12 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Socialist Party of Ukraine. 4 April 2014
^ "ЦВК зареєструвала кандидатами в президенти Тягнибока, Гриценка та ще двох". Pravda.com.ua.
^ Korolevska withdraws her presidential bid – CEC, Interfax-Ukraine (1 May 2014)
^ Shkiryak during debates withdrew from elections Archived 18 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Ukrinform. 10 May 2014
^ Communist leader Symonenko withdraws his candidacy from presidential race, Kyiv Post (16 May 2014)
^ "Симоненко снялся с выборов". УНИАН.
^ (in Ukrainian) Out of the presidential race fell out another candidate, Ukrayinska Pravda (18 May 2014)
^ "Цушко снимается с выборов". Segodnya.ua.
^ (in Ukrainian) Simonenko left the ballot, Ukrayinska Pravda (17 May 2014)
^ (in Russian) Zoryan Shkiryak withdrew from the presidential race, Segodnya (10 May 2014)
^ '+ a.html() +'. "ЦВК відмовила у реєстрації першому кандидату на посаду президента". Tvi.ua.
^ "ЦИК отказал в регистрации двум кандидатам в президенты Украины". Segodnya.ua.
^ Двум лицам отказано в регистрации на пост Президента (in Russian). Day.kiev.ua. 7 October 2011.
^ Фото: rada2012. "ЦИК зарегистрировала Бойко кандидатом в президенты". Korrespondent.net.
^ "ЦВК зареєструвала кандидатами у Президенти". Cvk.gov.ua. 28 March 2014.
^ "ЦИК не пустила на президентские выборы Дарта Вейдера и еще двоих кандидатов : Новости УНИАН". Unian.net.
^ Klitschko believes only presidential candidate from democratic forces should be Poroshenko, Interfax-Ukraine (29 March 2014)
^ "Кличко вирішив. Йде у мери Києва". Pravda.com.ua.
^ Klitschko will run for mayor of Kyiv, Interfax-Ukraine (29 March 2014)
^ ab CEC registers 543 international official observers for presidential elections, Interfax-Ukraine (2 May 2014)
^ (in Ukrainian) In Ukraine will come three thousand observers, Ukrayinska Pravda (23 May 2014)
^ Ukraine officials battle ‘chaos’ in east as rebels target election, The Financial Times (23 May 2014)
^ US to provide support to several thousands of observers at Ukrainian elections – Nuland, Interfax-Ukraine (9 May 2014)
^ Russia will not send its observers to Ukraine election – Kremlin official, Interfax-Ukraine (23 May 2014)
^ (in Ukrainian) Observers from the CIS on elections in Ukraine will not be – Executive Committee, Ukrayinska Pravda (23 May 2014)
^ "Petro Poroshenko claims Ukraine presidency". BBC. 25 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
^ ab http://www.cvk.gov.ua/vp2014/wp095pt00_t001f01=702pt001f01=702pt049f01=5.html[dead link]
^ ab Foreign Electoral District
^ ab http://www.cvk.gov.ua/vp2014/wp063pt00_t001f01=702pt001f01=702.html[dead link]
^ Talley, Ian (26 May 2014). "U.S. Lauds Ukraine Election Amid Hopes for Easing Standoff". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
^ Obama Calls Ukrainian President-Elect Poroshenko With Congratulations, The Wall Street Journal (27 May 2014)
^ Ukraine: EU leaders congratulate Poroshenko and praise elections held against the odds Archived 8 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine, ENPI Info Centre (27 May 2014)
^ Wall Street Journal: Merkel congratulates Ukraine's Poroshenko on election win, Kyiv Post (27 May 2014)
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