1990 German federal election
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All 662 seats in the Bundestag 332 seats were needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Turnout | 77.8% (voting eligible)[1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Party list election results by state: dark blue denotes states where CSU had the absolute majority of the votes; lighter blue denotes states where CDU had the plurality of votes; red denotes states where the SPD had the absolute majority of the votes; and pink denotes states where the SPD had the plurality of votes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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85
0.4%
Federal elections were held in Germany on 2 December 1990 to elect the members of the 12th Bundestag. This was the first multi-party all-German election since that of March 1933, which was held after the Nazi seizure of power and was subject to widespread suppression, and the first free and fair all-German election since November 1932. The result was a comprehensive victory for the governing coalition of the Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union and the Free Democratic Party, which was reelected to a third term.
Contents
1 Issues and campaign
2 Results
3 Post-election
4 References
5 Sources
Issues and campaign
This was the first election conducted after German reunification which took place on 3 October. Almost 150 seats had been added to represent the newly re-established eastern states of Germany without reducing the number of Western members. The euphoria following the reunification gave the ruling CDU/CSU–FDP coalition a dramatic advantage in both Western and Eastern Germany throughout the campaign.
This was the one and only election for which the 5% threshold was not applied nationwide, but separately for East Germany (including East Berlin) and West Germany (including West Berlin). As a result, while the Western The Greens failed to gain representation, an ideologically similar party from the East, Alliance 90, did. They merged to form Alliance 90/The Greens in 1993.
Results
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All change figures are relative to the pre-existing West German Bundestag.
| Parties | Constituency | Party list | Total seats | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | +/− | Seats | +/− | Votes | % | +/− | Seats | +/− | Seats | +/− | % | ||||
Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | 17,707,574 | 38.3 | +0.8 | 192 | +68 | 17,055,116 | 36.7 | +2.3 | 76 | +26 | 268 | +83 | 40.5 | |||
Social Democratic Party (SPD) | 16,279,980 | 35.2 | −4.0 | 91 | +12 | 15,545,366 | 33.5 | −3.5 | 148 | +41 | 239 | +46 | 36.1 | |||
Free Democratic Party (FDP) | 3,595,135 | 7.8 | +3.1 | 1 | +1 | 5,123,233 | 11.0 | +1.9 | 78 | +32 | 79 | +31 | 11.9 | |||
Christian Social Union (CSU) | 3,423,904 | 7.4 | −2.8 | 43 | −2 | 3,302,980 | 7.1 | −2.7 | 8 | +4 | 51 | +2 | 7.7 | |||
Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | 1,049,245 | 2.3 | +2.3 | 1 | +1 | 1,129,578 | 2.4 | +2.4 | 16 | +16 | 17 | +17 | 2.6 | |||
Alliance '90/The Greens (B90/Gr.) (East) | 552,027 | 1.2 | +1.2 | 0 | ±0 | 559,207 | 1.2 | +1.2 | 8 | +8 | 8 | +8 | 1.2 | |||
The Greens (West) | 2,037,885 | 4.4 | −2.6 | 0 | ±0 | 1,788,200 | 3.8 | −4.5 | 0 | −42 | 0 | −44 | 0 | |||
The Republicans (REP) | 767,652 | 1.7 | +1.7 | 0 | ±0 | 987,269 | 2.1 | +2.1 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
The Grays – Gray Panthers (GRAUE) | 218,412 | 0.5 | +0.5 | 0 | ±0 | 385,910 | 0.8 | +0.8 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
Ecological Democratic Party (ÖDP) | 243,469 | 0.5 | +0.4 | 0 | ±0 | 205,206 | 0.4 | +0.1 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
National Democratic Party (NPD) | 190,105 | 0.4 | −0.1 | 0 | ±0 | 145,776 | 0.3 | −0.3 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
German Social Union (DSU) | 131,747 | 0.3 | +0.3 | 0 | ±0 | 89,008 | 0.2 | +0.2 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
Christian League (Liga) | 8,667 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | 39,640 | 0.1 | +0.1 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
Christian Centre (CM) | 9,824 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | 36,466 | 0.1 | +0.1 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
Bavaria Party (BP) | 10,836 | 0.0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 31,315 | 0.1 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
The Women (FRAUEN) | 1,433 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | 12,077 | 0.0 | −0.2 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
Patriots for Germany (Patrioten) | 746 | 0.0 | −0.1 | 0 | ±0 | 4,687 | 0.0 | −0.1 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Eco-Union (ÖKO-UNION) | 1,106 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | 4,661 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Union of Working Groups for Employee Politics and Democracy (VAA) | 704 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | 4,530 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
Communist Party of Germany (KPD) | – | – | – | – | – | 1,630 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
Spartacist Workers' Party of Germany (SpAD) | 124 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | 1,610 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Federation of German Democrats (DDD) | 474 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | 1,009 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
Federation of Socialist Workers (BSA) | 214 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | 826 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
Responsible Citizens | 72 | 0.0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 492 | 0.0 | −0.1 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
European Federalist Party (EFP) | 266 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Electoral groups and independents | 43,324 | 0.1 | −0.6 | 0 | ±0 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 720,990 | — | — | — | — | 540,143 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
Totals | 46,995,915 | 100 | ±0.0 | 328 | +80 | 46,995,915 | 100 | ±0.0 | 334 | +85 | 662 | +143 | ±0 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 60,436,560 | 77.8 | — | — | — | 60,436,560 | 77.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
Source: Federal Returning Officer | ||||||||||||||||
319 | 79 | 239 | 17 | 8 |
CDU/CSU | FDP | SPD | PDS |
Post-election
The governing CDU/CSU-FDP coalition was returned to office with a landslide majority, and Helmut Kohl remained chancellor. The CDU did exceptionally well in the former East Germany, which had been the heartland of the SPD before the Nazi era.
Winners by Single-member constituency – SPD in red, PDS in purple, FDP in yellow, CDU/CSU in black
Seat results – SPD in red, combined Greens in green, PDS in purple, FDP in yellow, CDU/CSU in black
References
^ "Voter turnout by election year". Website of the Federal Returning Officer's Office. The Federal Returning Officer. Archived from the original on 7 November 2014. Retrieved 7 November 2014..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
Sources
- The Federal Returning Officer
- Psephos
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