Modoc Rock Shelter
Modoc Rock Shelter | |
U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
U.S. National Historic Landmark | |
Part of the site | |
Show map of Illinois Show map of the US | |
Location | Randolph County, Illinois, USA |
---|---|
Nearest city | Modoc, Illinois |
Coordinates | 38°03′46″N 90°03′49″W / 38.06278°N 90.06361°W / 38.06278; -90.06361Coordinates: 38°03′46″N 90°03′49″W / 38.06278°N 90.06361°W / 38.06278; -90.06361 |
Architect | Natural Feature |
Architectural style | Prehistoric Erosion |
NRHP reference # | 66000328 |
Significant dates | |
Added to NRHP | October 15, 1966[1] |
Designated NHL | January 20, 1961[2] |
The Modoc Rock Shelter is a rock cliff at the edge of the Mississippi River Valley that was undercut by Ice Age floods. This site is significant for its archaeological evidence of human habitation during the Archaic period in the Eastern United States. It is located on the northeastern side of County Road 7 (Bluff Road) southeast of Prairie du Rocher in Randolph County, Illinois, United States. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961.[2]
Contents
1 Description
2 Archaeological history
3 See also
4 References
Description
The site has over 28 feet of sediment that contain artifacts. Evidence from the site, including four separate periods of Archaic occupation and one of a later period, suggests that the cultures of the Eastern Woodlands may have been comparable in age to the big game hunting cultures of the Great Plains. Based on the analysis of artifacts, archaeologists discovered that 9,000 years ago this rock shelter was used as a short-term camp by small hunting groups; by 6,000 years ago this rock shelter was used for long-term based camps by several families which were involved in activities of everyday life; and, by around 4,000 years ago evidence found in the sediment layers suggests the site was again used by small hunting parties as a short-term camp.[3] There tools included concave projectile points, scrapers, choppers, hammer stones, and bone awls. Evidence has shown that during occupation, the inhabitants had a diet that consisted of deer, raccoon, opossum, birds, and fish.
Many of the footpaths leading to these caves still exist, although they are almost impossible to access due to deterioration.
Archaeological history
The Modoc Rock Shelter site was discovered in 1951 by archaeologist Irwin Peithmann, who is known for teaching himself about the customs of Native Americans by living among them.
See also
- List of archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
- List of National Historic Landmarks in Illinois
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Randolph County, Illinois
References
^ National Park Service (2007-01-23). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ ab "Modoc Rock Shelter". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
^ "Illinois State Museum". Retrieved October 11, 2011.