Murder of Elisa Izquierdo
Elisa Izquierdo | |
|---|---|
 Elisa Izquierdo in 1995 | |
| Born | Elisa Izquierdo (1989-02-11)February 11, 1989 Brooklyn, New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Died | November 22, 1995(1995-11-22) (aged 6) Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Cause of death | Brain hemorrhage,[1] multiple trauma, child abuse |
| Resting place | Cypress Hills Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York 40°41′44″N 73°52′34″W / 40.6956°N 73.8761°W / 40.6956; -73.8761 (approximate) |
| Nationality | Puerto Rican-Cuban-American[1] |
| Known for | Victim of child abuse, filicide, and child murder |
| Parent(s) | Gustavo Izquierdo (father) Awilda Lopez (mother) |
Elisa Izquierdo (February 11, 1989 – November 22, 1995) was a six-year-old Puerto Rican–Cuban-American girl[1] who was beaten to death by her mother Awilda Lopez, a New York City drug addict, in 1995.
Described by authorities in New York as the "worst case of child abuse they had ever seen,"[2] the life and death of Elisa Izquierdo first made city and then national headlines when it became clear that New York City's Child Welfare System (now the Administration for Children's Services) missed numerous opportunities to intervene with her family and to save her life.[3] These failures to protect Elisa subsequently became the inspiration for Elisa's Law, a major restructuring of the New York child welfare increasing accountability of parties involved in child welfare and reducing areas of confidentiality relating to public disclosure in cases of this nature. Elisa's Law was implemented in February, 1996.[4]
Her life story became the subject of numerous media articles, from local tabloids such as the New York Daily News and The New York Post to the cover of Time Magazine. Her story was featured on an August 1996 episode of Dateline NBC.[5] Elisa was once referred to as a modern-day Cinderella because she had been under the protection of a loving father and had befriended Prince Michael of Greece through her school before being placed into the custody of her mother.[6]
Contents
1 Family
1.1 Early life
2 Partial custodial rights of mother
2.1 Death of father
2.2 Full custodial awarding to mother
2.2.1 Escalation of abuse
3 Murder
3.1 Funeral
3.2 Sentencing
4 Resulting legislation
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Family
Elisa Izquierdo was born on February 11, 1989, in Woodhull Hospital[7] Brooklyn, New York. Her father, Gustavo, was a Cuban immigrant, whereas her mother, Awilda, was a Puerto Rican raised in Brooklyn. The pair had met at a Fort Greene homeless shelter two years prior to Elisa's birth, where Gustavo worked part-time as a cleaner and caterer.[1] Awilda herself was a temporary resident at the shelter, having been evicted from the apartment she shared with a previous partner (with whom she had had two children) due to failure to pay rent — in part caused by her usage of narcotics.[8] The two began a temporary relationship, although reportedly, this ended when Gustavo discovered Awilda – at the time pregnant with Elisa – was a regular user of crack cocaine. Concern by her own family as to her usage of drugs resulted in Awilda losing custody of her two eldest children, Rubencino and Kasey, to her own family in 1988.[7]
Early life
When Elisa was born, she was addicted to crack cocaine. As a result of her mother's addiction, custody of Elisa was awarded to her father, Gustavo,[7] who himself had no experience of parenting. By all accounts, Gustavo was a doting, caring father to Elisa: attending parenting classes;[9] seeking advice from relatives as to how to care for his daughter; and organizing celebrations for her first birthdays and her baptism at age four.[10] One family friend later related: "She (Elisa) was his life. He would always say she was his princess."[11]
In 1990, Gustav enrolled his daughter in preschool. Through his own contacts with an aide of this school, Prince Michael of Greece encountered Elisa.[7] Reportedly, upon his arrival at the school, Elisa leaped into Prince Michael's arms, and stayed by his side for the rest of the day.[12] He in turn offered to pay for Elisa's tuition until 12th grade at the independent Brooklyn Friends School;[13] she in turn would respond to this gesture with handwritten notes and drawings expressing her gratitude.[11]
Partial custodial rights of mother
The same year Elisa was enrolled in preschool, a social worker signed an affidavit stating that Awilda had successfully beaten her addiction, had secured permanent accommodation and had married a man named Carlos Lopez, with whom she was now expecting her fourth child.[8] In December 1990, having given birth to a daughter named Taisha, she regained custody of her two oldest children.
In November 1991, Awilda Lopez secured the right to obtain unsupervised visitation rights to Elisa: this ruling awarded her custody of the child every second weekend. Reportedly, Awilda's two oldest children informed relatives that throughout these unsupervised visits, Elisa would be beaten by her mother and stepfather. These relatives did not inform authorities of these revelations.
Both Elisa's father and her teachers noted the child bore bruising and other signs of physical mistreatment when she returned from these unsupervised visits. One of the locations of these injuries was Elisa's genitalia and the child did divulge that her mother had repeatedly hit her,[9] adding that she had no desire to see her (her mother) again. Her father also noted that Elisa had begun bedwetting in addition to losing control of her bowels. Another family acquaintance noted that Elisa would always vomit upon her return from these visits to her mother, and refused to enter bathrooms.
Both Gustavo Izquierdo and Elisa's teachers did inform authorities of the abuse Elisa was enduring. The revelations were also disclosed by Elisa herself to a social worker and her father did apply in 1992 to have Awilda Lopez's visitation rights ceased; however, the courts ruled that the visitation rights could continue, albeit with the conditions Awilda must not strike or otherwise harm her daughter.[1]
Death of father
In 1993, Gustavo Izquierdo formed plans to relocate with Elisa to his native Cuba.[7] He is known to have purchased airline tickets for himself and his daughter for May 26, 1994. However, Gustavo was admitted to hospital with respiratory complications (subsequently diagnosed as lung cancer). Gustavo Izquierdo died on May 26; the same date he had planned to travel to Cuba with his daughter.[n 1]
Full custodial awarding to mother
Upon Gustavo's death, Awilda applied for full, permanent custody of Elisa and was initially granted temporary custody of the child. Upon hearing the initial awarding of custody to Awilda Lopez, Elsa Canizares—the cousin of Gustavo Izquierdo—challenged the ruling and herself applied for custody of Elisa,[15] citing the documented abuse Elisa had endured during the unsupervised weekend visits with her mother. Both the head teacher of the school Elisa still attended and Prince Michael of Greece also wrote personal letters to Judge Phoebe Greenbaum, opposing the initial temporary custody of Elisa awarded to Awilda Lopez upon the death of her father and endorsing the application by Gustavo's cousin to obtain permanent custody of Elisa.[16]
Lacking sufficient funding to pay legal fees, Elsa Canizares attended these court hearing without legal representation, whereas backing Awilda Lopez's application for custody were a lawyer from the Legal Aid Society and a federally funded parenting program. According to Elsa Canizares, at this hearing, the legal representatives for Awilda testified as to her valiant efforts to refrain from relapsing into drug use, and falsely claimed Elisa had expressed a desire to live with her biological mother.[17] Furthermore, Canizares was criticized by Alilda's legal representation at this hearing for having "the nerve" to try and take Elisa from her biological mother.[15] To this accusation, Elsa Canizares replied her nerve was borne out of fear of Elisa being placed with her mother.[n 2]
Awilda Lopez's application to obtain permanent custody of Elisa was approved by Judge Greenbaum in September 1994.[8]
Escalation of abuse
Upon being awarded full custody of her daughter, Awilda moved her daughter from the school she had been attending, and enrolled her in a local public school, where Elisa was observed to be withdrawn and uncommunicative. The principal of the school also noted that Elisa bore bruises and walked with apparent difficulty.[19] The school's concerns regarding abuse of Elisa were reported to the Manhattan Child Welfare Authorities (CWA). Reportedly, the CWA replied to the school that their concerns were "not reportable"[7] due to a lack of evidence of abuse. In response to the school's reporting to the CWA and a subsequent visit by staff at the school regarding suspected abuse of her daughter, Awilda — by this time known to have reverted to regular crack cocaine use — withdrew Elisa from the school.[6]
Reportedly, despite the fact that in addition to having by this time borne 5 other children (three of whom had been born after Elisa), Awilda targeted Elisa for almost all of the physical and mental abuse she inflicted upon her children. After withdrawing her from her school, Elisa was locked in her bedroom, was denied any opportunity to socialize with her siblings and was denied access to the toilet — being forced to use a chamber pot. Neighbors also reported hearing sounds of Elisa being beaten and otherwise abused; later reporting hearing Elisa's repeatedly pleading with her mother to stop hitting her and stating such pleas as: "Mommy, Mommy, please stop! No more! I'm sorry."[1] Some neighbors did report their suspicions of child abuse to child welfare authorities; however, no effective action was taken.
A representative from the federally funded parenting program which had endorsed Awilda's initial motion to achieve sole custody of her daughter also reported that Awilda had herself phoned him, complaining that her daughter was unable to control her bladder or bowels, had cut off her hair and was apparently drinking from the toilet.[7] In response to this phone call from Awilda, this representative did call a representative from the CWA, who rebuffed his requests to visit the Lopez residence.
Other indignities and abuse inflicted by Awilda upon her daughter (some of which were witnessed by Elisa's siblings) included repeated punching; forcing the child to eat her own feces; mopping the floor with Elisa's hair; inflicting burns upon the child's head, face and body and sexually violating her with a hairbrush.[6] Awilda's partner, Carlos Lopez (himself also a regular user of drugs) is also known to have repeatedly physically abused Elisa.[20]
Murder
On November 15, Carlos Lopez was jailed in relation to a violation of parole. Seven days later, on the evening of November 22, Awilda phoned one of her sisters, Mercy Torres, to report that Elisa was "like retarded on the bed",[7] with fluid (later determined to be brain fluid) leaking from her nose and mouth.[21] In addition, Lopez informed her sister that Elisa would not eat or drink. When Mrs. Torres insisted Awilda take Elisa to the hospital, Awilda replied she would "think about it" after she had finished cleaning the dishes.[8] The following morning, Awilda contacted a neighbor, whom she invited to view Elisa's lifeless body. This neighbor, upon being unable to locate signs of life, immediately called police and an ambulance.
In custody, Awilda initially confessed to having thrown Elisa head-first into a concrete wall two days prior to her contacting her neighbor, adding that Elisa neither talked nor walked after this incident. A subsequent autopsy revealed numerous injuries including broken fingers (one bone of which was protruding through the skin), damage to internal organs, deep welts and burns across her head, face and body. In addition, her genitalia and rectum also bore evidence of trauma, including tearing. Forensically, it was proven that the injuries had been sustained over a prolonged period of time.[22]
 Elisa's grave at Cypress Hills Cemetery | |
| Elisa's casket prior to interment at Cypress Hills Cemetery |
Funeral
Elisa Izquierdo's funeral was held on November 29, 1995.[6] Prior to her burial, a wake was held, with an estimated 300 mourners in attendance. Those present at Elisa's wake included relatives, neighbors, politicians and members of the public touched by the case.[23]
Elisa's casket was open throughout this ceremony. A single red rose was placed in her hand,[24] and her coffin adorned with white flowers. Many mourners placed additional flowers, toys, stuffed animals and notes of sympathy in and upon her coffin prior to her casket being closed and her burial at Cypress Hills Cemetery. Elisa's gravestone bears a plaque, with the inscription reading: "World please watch over the children."[25]
Sentencing
On June 25, 1996, Awilda Lopez pleaded guilty to the second-degree murder of her daughter.[26][27] The following month, she was sentenced to a term of 15 years to life imprisonment.[28] Although Lopez initially became eligible for parole in 2010, she has remained incarcerated since August 1996.[29][30] As of January 2017[update], she was serving her sentence at the maximum security Bedford Hills Correctional Facility for Women, with her next parole hearing scheduled for July 2018.[29]
Lopez was most recently denied parole in July 2018; her next scheduled parole hearing being is in July 2020.[31]
Resulting legislation
In response to the death of Elisa Izquierdo, the then-Mayor of New York City, Rudolph Giuliani, instigated a review of the child welfare system. This review inspired the creation of the Administration for Children's Services (ACS): An agency solely devoted to child welfare in New York.[4]
On February 12, 1996, Governor George Pataki signed Elisa's Law into legislation.[32] Elisa's Law is designed to balance the need for increased accountability through public awareness and government oversight, with the privacy interests of individuals involved in child protective services cases. Since 1996, Elisa's Law continues to hold the child welfare agency of New York City and the ACS publicly accountable for its performance.
See also
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Notes
^ Both prior to and after his diagnosis as suffering from lung cancer, Gustavo Izquierdo had earnestly requested that, should he die or be incapable of caring for his daughter, Elisa should be placed in the custody of her aunt or a biological relative of his and not Awilda Lopez.[14]
^ Following Elisa's 1995 death, Judge Greenbaum was subjected to severe criticism regarding this custodial decision. In response, she claimed she had been merely following procedural recommendations when she had made this decision. In response to this claim, then-Mayor of New York City Rudolph Giulliani would state to the media: "The judge ultimately makes the decision, based on all the facts and records, and is supposed to go behind those things [to] make determinations."[18]
References
^ abcdef Peyser, Mark (10 December 1995). "The Death Of Little Elisa". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 5 June 2013..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ Purnick, Joyce (21 November 1996). "Elisa's Death: A Year Later, Hints of Hope". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
^ Stack, Barbara (24 September 2001). "Open Justice: Little girl's murder brought New York's juvenile court proceedings into the light". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
^ ab "Elisa's Law". The City of New York. Archived from the original on 9 April 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
^ Shapiro, Michael. "Death Be Not Proud". New York Magazine. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
^ abcd Hampson, Rick (30 November 1995). "Little girl was a Cinderella even a prince could not save". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
^ abcdefgh Van Biema, David (24 June 2001). "Abandoned to Her Fate". Time Magazine. Archived from the original on February 21, 2017. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
^ abcd Alvarez, Lizette (27 November 1995). "A Mother's Tale: Drugs, Despair And Violence;A Life Mired in Urban Ills Ends in a Daughter's Death". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
^ ab Beck, Joan (8 December 1995). "Mourning an innocent child's terrible existence". Beaver County Times. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
^ "The Death of Little Elisa". Newsweek. December 10, 1995. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
^ ab "Abandoned to her Fate". time.com. 2001-06-24. Retrieved 2016-12-21.
^ "Spiral of Child's Abuse Shakes N.Y." Star-News. November 30, 1995. Retrieved November 11, 2017.
^ "Child's Doomed Life". New York Daily News. November 26, 1995. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
^ Deliver Us From Evil: Boston University Studies in Philosophy and Religion
ISBN 978-1-441-11641-3 ch. 2
^ ab Bruni, Frank. "Girl's Cousin Is Haunted By Failure to Get Custody". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
^ "Abandoned to Her Fate". time.com. 2001-06-24. Retrieved 2017-01-17.
^ Pittsburgh Post-Gazette November 30, 1995
^ "New York Magazine December 11, 1995 edition". books.google.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-11-09.
^ The News Nov. 30, 1995
^ Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Jan. 26, 1996
^ Bangor Daily News Jun. 25, 1996
^ "Don't Look Away". The New York Times. 25 November 1995. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
^ Alvarez, Lizette (30 November 1995). "With Anger and Shame, a Child Is Buried". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
^ "Little girl had many chances but still died". Observer-Reporter. Associated Press. 30 November 1995. p. C10. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
^ Craven McGinty, Jo (28 February 2012). "State Keeps Death Files of Abused Children Secret". Retrieved 25 February 2015.
^ Sexton, Joe. "Mother of Elisa Izquierdo Pleads Guilty to Murder in a PivotalChild-Abuse Case". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
^ "Mother of 6-Year-Old Girl Pleads Guilty to Child's Murder". Waycross Journal-Herald. 25 June 1996. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
^ LeDuff, Charlie. "Woman Sentenced in Daughter's Death". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
^ ab "Inmate Information". Department of Corrections and Community Supervision. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
^ Solomon, Serena. "After Two Decades, Residents Hope to Memorialize Murdered Child". DNAinfo New York. Archived from the original on 24 March 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
^ "Department of Corrections and Community Supervision". New York State Department of Corrections. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
^ "Laws of New York, 1996 Chapter 12 Elisa's Law". New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
Further reading
- Douglas, John; Olshaker, Mark (1997). Journey Into Darkness: The FBI's Premier Investigator Penetrates the Minds and Motives of the Most Terrifying Serial Killers. Pocket Books.
ISBN 978-1-439-19981-7
- Eckel, M. David; Herling, Bradley L. (2011). Deliver Us From Evil: Boston University Studies in Philosophy and Religion. Continuum International Publishing Group .
ISBN 978-1-441-11641-3
- Meyer, Cheryl; Oberman, Michelle; White, Kelly (2001). Mothers who Kill Their Children. New York University Press.
ISBN 0-814-75643-3
- Roberts, Dorothy (2009). Shattered Bonds: The Color Of Child Welfare. Basic Books.
ISBN 978-0-786-73064-3
External links
- 2016 Daily News article pertaining to the city's history of failure to prevent fatal child abuse
Contemporary news article detailing the abuse Elisa suffered prior to her death, and the missed opportunities to protect her
Elisa Izquierdo at Find a Grave
- November 1995 New York Times article detailing Elisa Izquierdo's death and the missed opportunities to remove her from the custody of her mother
