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Tulane University School of Medicine

Former names	Medical College of Louisiana
Type	Private medical school
Established	1834
Parent institution	Tulane University
Dean	L. Lee Hamm III, MD, FACP
Academic staff	309 (full-time) 1,289 (part-time)
Students	640
Location	New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
Campus	Urban
Website	www.som.tulane.edu

The Tulane University School of Medicine is located in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States and is a part of Tulane University. The school is located in the Medical District of the New Orleans Central Business District.

History

The Tulane School of Medicine, located in the Medical District of downtown New Orleans.

The school was founded in 1834 as the Medical College of Louisiana and is the 15th oldest medical school in the United States and the 2nd oldest in the deep south. The first classes were held in 1835 at a variety of locations, including Charity Hospital and the Strangers Unitarian Church.

Early Founding

In October 1832, Dr. Warren Stone, a young physician who received his medical degree from the Medical School of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, was one of 108 passengers aboard an ill-fated brig, the Amelia, which set sail from New York to New Orleans carrying valuable cargo. On the fourth day out, a terrific storm occurred; the passengers were put below and the hatches were
battened down. When the storm lifted, it was discovered that twenty-five passengers were in advanced stages of cholera. On October 30, the Amelia attempted unsuccessfully to make the Charleston harbor. Leaking badly, she was beached on Folly Island and had to be burned. Her passengers were made as comfortable as possible. Charleston Port authorities quarantined the island and put a young physician, Thomas Hunt, in charge of the situation with Dr. Stone as first assistant. The experiences shared by the two young
doctors brought them into a friendship, which lasted throughout their lives. They were on Folly Island for three weeks, during which time Dr. Stone ignited the imagination of Hunt with the great medical possibilities in epidemic-ridden Louisiana. It is said that these two kindred spirits discussed plans for a medical college in New Orleans. After several weeks the quarantine was lifted, and Warren Stone departed for New Orleans while Hunt returned to his home in Charleston, accompanied by an attack of cholera. Hunt resolved to join Stone in New Orleans as soon as possible. When Dr. Stone arrived in New Orleans, he found the city plagued with epidemics of yellow fever and cholera. He immediately accepted a position at Charity Hospital, which had just been completed. When Hunt later reached New Orleans, he also joined the staff of Charity Hospital, all the while cherishing his dream of a medical college in the city. In addition to resuming his friendship with Stone, he also became associated with other young physicians: John Hoffman Harrison, Thomas Ingalls, Charles A. Luzenberg, James Monroe Mackie, Augustus Cenas, and Edwin Bathurst Smith. Men of vision, energy, and determination, all were graduates of reputable medical schools. Realizing the need for educated physicians in the South, they visualized the growth of a medical school in New Orleans built around the clinics of Charity Hospital. When Dr. Hunt was ready to begin the project of which he had long dreamed, he turned to Drs. Stone, Luzenberg, and Harrison. "These four pooled their resources, making a sort of informal, unchartered stock company, chose the other doctors to help, [and] divided up the fields of instruction..."1 A Prospectus was published in The Bee (September 1834), written by Thomas Hunt and bearing the signatures of Drs. Hunt, Luzenberg, Harrison, Mackie, Cenas, Ingalls, and Smith. The daring, optimistic Prospectus stated that the young doctors hoped to "...advance the cause of science, and to disseminate rational principles so as to remove or alleviate human suffering..."2 Although the Prospectus was received with catcalls rather than enthusiasm, the young physicians' determination remained undaunted.

Late 1800s to present

The first permanent building for the school was constructed in the French Quarter in 1844. In 1893, the school moved to Canal Street in the Richardson building, and then shortly after to the Hutchison Building, also on Canal. Finally, in 1930, the school moved to its current location—the Hutchinson Memorial Building—on Tulane Avenue, next to Charity Hospital.^[1]

In 2007 the school acquired the Murphy Oil Building on S. Robertson by donation. The Murphy building houses the DeBakey Educational Center, a simulation center, a student lounge with gym, and several administrative offices.

Admissions and Research

The school has highly competitive admissions, accepting only 175 medical students from more than 10,000 applications. About 40 percent of the students in each class are concurrently enrolled as candidates for the Master of Public Health degree in the School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. It is estimated that Tulane University has graduated more than 40 percent of all physicians in the U.S. who have earned both M.D. and master of public health degrees.

Tulane University Hospital, located in the Medical District of downtown New Orleans and adjacent to the School of Medicine.

In 2001 the Tulane Center for Gene Therapy started as the first major center in the U.S. to focus on research using adult stem cells.

Today, the medical school is but one part of the Tulane University Health Sciences Center, which includes the School of Medicine, the Tulane University Hospital and Clinic, the School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, the University Health Service, the Tulane National Primate Research Center, the U.S.-Japan Biomedical Research Laboratories, and the Tulane/Xavier Center for Bioenvironmental Research. Most components of the Health Sciences Center are located in the heart of New Orleans, in the medical district that comprises Tulane facilities and the LSU/Charity Hospital center just north of the New Orleans Central Business District. It comprises 20 academic departments: Anesthesiology, Biochemistry, Family and Community Medicine, Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Neurosurgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ophthalmology, Orthopaedics, Otolaryngology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, Pharmacology, Physiology, Psychiatry and Neurology, Radiology, Structural and Cellular Biology, Surgery and Urology.

The school periodically hosts social events with the Tulane University Law School and the Freeman School of Business.

On August 31, 2009, Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal along with Tulane President Scott Cowen and Louisiana State University System President John V. Lombardi approved a plan to establish both schools as board members for the future $1.1 billion University Medical Center New Orleans. Ground was broken in 2011 and the hospital opened on August 1, 2015.^[2] The 446-bed hospital serves as the flagship for Tulane medical students and residents.

Facilities

• Tulane's Medical Library, The Rudolph Matas Health Sciences Library, is named after the renowned Professor of Surgery at Tulane University Rudolph Matas, despite the journal Science stating of Matas that "his colleagues have felt for many years that by consulting him they could extract more information from his encyclopedic mind than they could obtain from a visit to a library." (Science, 1934)


• The Tulane Center for Advanced Medical Simulation and Team Training gives medical students, residents, practicing physicians, nurses, technicians, first responders and other healthcare providers the opportunity to learn and perfect the latest techniques and best practices for patient care and safety. The Tulane Sim Center features 14,000 square feet (1,300 m²) of real-life environments and meeting space for hands-on training, instruction and skills assessment including an Emergency Room, Intensive Care Unit, Operating Room, Labor & Delivery room, 4 Hospital Patient Rooms, 4 Office Exam Rooms, and a Nurses Station. The Tulane University: Standardized Patient Center through Foundations in Medicine is the first to pilot low-cost Virtual Reality through Google Cardboard for first year medical students.^[3][4]
  

Notable alumni and faculty

Dr George E. Burch

Michael DeBakey, renowned heart surgeon who invented the roller pump

Leslie Vaughn Rush, orthopedic surgeon and inventor of the Rush pin

Luther Terry, former U.S. Surgeon General, who issued the first warning that tobacco is a health hazard

• 
  James Andrews (physician), M.D., Former house staff, orthopedics (1969–1972), internationally known orthopedic surgeon and sports medicine specialist. Founder of American Sports Medicine Institute, member of the Sports medicine Committee of the United States Olympic Committee. team physician for a number of professional and collegiate teams. Surgeon to numerous professional athletes including Jack Nicklaus, Michael Jordan, Emmitt Smith, John Smoltz, Brett Favre, Drew Brees, Troy Aikman, Charles Barkley, Bo Jackson, and many others.


• 
  Charles Cassidy (C.C.) Bass, M.D., 1899, pioneer researcher on malaria, hookworm, and dental caries; Dean, Tulane School of Medicine, 1922-40 (Tulane's Golden Years).


• 
  Elizabeth Bass, M.D., 1911, one of the first women faculty at the medical school, three years before women were admitted as students^[5]
  


• 
  Stanhope Bayne-Jones, Military Physician and Academic, noted for his contributions to the link between smoking and cancer.


• 
  Cyril Y. Bowers, M.D., Emeritus Professor of Medicine


• 
  George E. Burch, M.D., 1933, internationally known cardiologist; Editor, American Heart Journal. 1959-1982; Chairman of the World Health Organization Expert Advisory Panel on Cardiovascular Diseases and Chairman of the Advisory Committee to the U.S. Army on Environmental Medicine and Physiology involved in successfully sending the first two chimpanzees into space, continuing as a consultant to NASA


• 
  Jay Cavanaugh, Ph.D, 1994, member, California State Board of Pharmacy (1980–90), director, American Alliance for Medical Cannabis, 2001


• 
  Harold Cummins, M.D., anatomist, Emeritus professor of Anatomy^[6]
  


• 
  Paul M. Davis, Jr., M.D., orthopedic surgeon and real estate developer in Alexandria, Louisiana^[7]
  


• 
  Michael E. DeBakey, M.D., 1932, pioneer of modern medicine (cardiovascular surgery) and recipient of the Congressional Gold Medal


• Dean H. Echols, M.D., faculty 1937-1973, first neurosurgeon on faculty of Tulane; one of eight founders of the American Academy of Neurological Surgery and first President; establishes The Society of Neurological Surgeons Foundation; trains 4 neurosurgeons who subsequently become academic department chairmen.


• 
  H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., M.D.; Ph.D. Tulane 1972. American philosopher specializing in continental philosophy and medical ethics. Professor of philosophy at Rice University.


• 
  Paul Finger, M.D., 1982, pioneered the use of palladium-103 plaque radiation to treat choroidal melanoma and 3D and high-frequency ultrasound to image intraocular tumors.


• 
  Edgar Hull, M.D., 1927, co-founder of Medical Center of Louisiana at New Orleans (1931) and Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport (1969); later disputed the T. Harry Williams account of the assassination and death of Huey Pierce Long, Jr.
  


• 
  Louis J. Ignarro, faculty (1973–1985), Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1998)


• 
  Thomas Naum James, M.D., 1949, director, World Health Organization cardiovascular center


• 
  Ruth L. Kirschstein, M.D., 1951, director, National Institutes of Health, for whom the Kirschstein NRSA grant program is named


• 
  Alvan Lafargue, attended prior to 1910, physician in Sulphur (1915–1962), mayor of Sulphur, 1926–1932


• Leslie L. Lukash, M.D., 1944, Nassau County, NY medical examiner, inspiration for the television show Quincy, M.D. Founded National Association of Medical Examiners.


• 
  Rudolph Matas, M.D., 1880, "father of vascular surgery"


• 
  William Larimer Mellon, Jr., M.D., M’53, founder, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Haiti


• 
  Alton Ochsner, faculty, founder of Ochsner Clinic, pioneer anti-smoking advocate, President of the American Cancer Society, President of the American College of Surgeons, President of the International Society of Surgeons, Chairman of the Section on Surgery for the American Medical Association, and President of the Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation; received the Distinguished Service Award of the American Medical Association in 1967; popularized blood typing and blood transfusion in Europe; physician to Argentina's Juan Perón.


• Donald J. Palmisano, M.D., A&S 1960, M 1963, President of the American Medical Association.


• 
  Felix Octave Pavy, M.D. 1904, member of the Louisiana House of Representatives for St. Landry Parish from 1932 to 1936.^[8]
  


• 
  Leslie Vaughn Rush, surgeon who performed first successful bone pinning


• 
  Joseph F. Sackett, M.D., neuroradiologist and professor of radiology


• 
  Andrew V. Schally, former faculty, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1977), French Legion of Honor


• Nicole Shilkofski, M.D., 2000, co-author of the Harriet Lane Handbook 17th edition


• Ross Taubman, American Podiatric Medical Association president


• 
  Luther Leonidas Terry, M.D., 1935, U.S. surgeon general (1961–1965)


• 
  Lewis Thomas, former faculty (1948–1950), physician, researcher, and essayist


• 
  E. M. Toler, physician and coroner who served in the Louisiana State Senate from East and West Feliciana parishes from 1944 to 1954; graduate of Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in 1900, studied surgery at Tulane in 1905 and 1906^[9]
  


• 
  Paul Wehrle, physician who helped develop of methods to prevent and treat polio and smallpox


• Charles B. Wilson, M.D., 1954, Neurosurgeon, pioneer in pituitary tumor treatment; Cushing Medal recipient.


• 
  Maxwell Wintrobe, M.D.; Ph.D., Tulane, 1929, faculty (1927–30), pioneer in hematology developing method for hematocrit and sedimentation rate measurement and Wintrobe indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC) while at Tulane. Rewriting Musser's chapter on Diseases of Blood for Tice Practice of Medicine subsequently becomes the basis for Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology textbook.


• 
  Robert "Bobby" Brown, M.D., cardiologist, Major League baseball player, and baseball executive

Popular culture references

• 
  St. Elsewhere: Howie Mandel's character, Dr. Wayne Fiscus, attended Tulane Medical School.


• 
  Frasier: In the episode "Rooms with a View," when speaking of Niles' heart surgeon's past, Frasier remarks, "You all know how I feel about Tulane Medical School."


• 
  Grey's Anatomy: Dr. Preston Burke graduated from Tulane University for undergrad, and can be seen sporting his university's T-shirt in a few scenes after he's finished exercising or woken up.

Affiliations

• Tulane Medical Center


• University Medical Center New Orleans


• Ochsner Medical Center


• Veterans Affairs Medical Center


• Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine

Clinical Departments

• Department of Anesthesiology


• Department of Biochemistry


• Department of Immunology


• Department of Family and Community Medicine


• Department of Medicine


• Department of Microbiology


• Department of Neurosurgery


• Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology


• Department of Ophthalmology


• Department of Orthopaedics


• Department of Otolaryngology


• Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine


• Department of Pediatrics


• Department of Pharmacology


• Department of Physiology


• Department of Psychiatry and Neurology


• Department of Radiology


• Department of Structural and Cellular Biology


• Department of Surgery


• Department of Urology

Centers

• Center for Gene Therapy


• Center for Infectious Diseases


• General Clinical Research Center


• Hayward Genetics Center


• Hypertension and Renal Center


• Tulane Center for Clinical Effectiveness and Prevention (TCCEP)


• Center for Bioenvironmental Research at Tulane and Xavier Universities

Programs

• Clinical Research Curriculum Award Training Program


• Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences


• Human Genetics Program


• Neuroscience


• Physiology

TUHC Centers of Excellence

• Depaul-Tulane Behavioral Health Center


• Tulane Cancer Center


• Tulane Center for Abdominal Transplant


• Tulane Hospital for Children


• Tulane Institute of Sports Medicine


• Tulane-Xavier National Women's Center


• Tulane Cardiovascular Center of Excellence

References

External links

• NIH Article