Merionethshire






















































































Merionethshire
Welsh: Meirionnydd

Flag of Merioneth
Flag of Merionethshire

Merionethshire
Ancient extent of Merionethshire

Area
 • 1831
385,291 acres (1,559.22 km2)
 • 1911/1961
422,372 acres (1,709.28 km2)

Population
 • 1831
35,315[1]
 • 1911
45,565
 • 1961
38,310

Density
 • 1831
0.1/acre
 • 1911
0.1/acre
 • 1961
0.1/acre

History
 • Created
1284
 • Succeeded by
Meirionnydd

Chapman code
MER
Government
Merionethshire County Council (1889-1974)
 • HQ
Dolgellau
 • Motto
Tra môr, tra Meirion
(While the sea lasts, so shall Meirionnydd)

Merioneth arms.png
Coat of arms of Merionethshire County Council



Merionethshire or Merioneth (Welsh: Meirionnydd or Sir Feirionnydd) is one of thirteen historic counties of Wales, a vice county and a former administrative county.




Contents






  • 1 Name


  • 2 Geography


  • 3 History


    • 3.1 Administration




  • 4 Main towns


  • 5 Places of special interest (with grid reference)


  • 6 See also


  • 7 References


  • 8 Further reading





Name


The spelling of the Welsh name in standard modern orthography is Meirionnydd (for the geographical area) or Sir Feirionnydd (for the county), with a double <nn>, but the variant with a single <n> is sometimes found in older works.[2][3]



Geography


Merionethshire is a maritime county, bounded to the north by Caernarfonshire, to the east by Denbighshire, to the south by Montgomeryshire and Cardiganshire, and to the west by Cardigan Bay. With a total area of 1,731 km² (668 sq miles), it is one of the more sparsely populated counties in Great Britain.


The Merioneth area remains one of the strongest Welsh-speaking parts of Wales, although places like Barmouth and Tywyn are very Anglicised. The coastline consists alternately of cliffs and stretches of sand and the area generally is the most mountainous in Wales; a large part of the Snowdonia National Park lies within it. The greatest heights are Aran Fawddwy 905 m (2,970 ft) and Cadair Idris 893 m (2,929 ft). The chief rivers are the Dwyryd, the Mawddach and the Dyfi. Waterfalls such as Pistyll Cain and small lakes are numerous, the largest being Bala Lake (4 miles long and 1-mile (1.6 km) broad).



History


The county was formed in 1284 under the terms of the Statute of Rhuddlan from the Cantrefi of:



  • Meirionnydd


  • Dunoding (but only the larger Ardudwy commote)


  • Penllyn and the Lordship of Dinmael


Merioneth was an important part of the Welsh slate industry in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, with major quarrying centres at Blaenau Ffestiniog in the north of the county and Corris in the south.



Administration


See also: List of Sheriffs of Meirionnydd in the 15th century

An administrative county of Merioneth was created under the Local Government Act 1888 on 1 April 1889. The first election to the new authority was held in January 1889.[4] The county was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 on 1 April 1974. The bulk formed the Meirionnydd district of Gwynedd, with a small area in the north east, Edeirnion Rural District, becoming part of the Glyndŵr district of Clwyd.


As a result of the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994, which came into force on 1 April 1996, the Glyndŵr area was made a part of the new Denbighshire principal area, with the rest forming a new Caernarfonshire and Merionethshire principal area. The latter area was, however, renamed Gwynedd almost immediately.[5]



Main towns


The main towns are




  • Dolgellau (former county town, and administrative centre)

  • Aberdyfi

  • Bala

  • Barmouth

  • Blaenau Ffestiniog

  • Corwen

  • Ffestiniog

  • Harlech

  • Tywyn


The main industries today are agriculture, forestry and tourism.



Places of special interest (with grid reference)




  • Cadair Idris (SH711130)


  • Castell y Bere (SH667085)


  • Cymer Abbey (SH721195)


  • Harlech Castle (SH5731)


  • Portmeirion Italianate village (SH589372)


  • Rhug Chapel (SJ063439)


  • Tomen-y-mur Roman Fort (SH7038)


  • Ffestiniog Railway (SH6946)


  • Corris Railway (SH7507)


  • Talyllyn Railway (SH5800)


  • Fairbourne Railway (SH6112)



See also



  • List of Lord Lieutenants of Merioneth

  • List of Custodes Rotulorum of Merioneth

  • List of Sheriffs of Merioneth

  • List of MPs for Merioneth



References





  1. ^ Vision of Britain - 1831 Census


  2. ^ Double 'nn' is found in the title of a number of Welsh-language books, e.g. Crwydro Meirionnydd, a companion to the area by T. I. Ellis (Llandybie, 1954), and the county atlas published by the old county council (Atlas Merionnydd, Y Bala, 1972).


  3. ^ For the single 'n' variant see, for example, Melville Richards, Welsh Administrative and Territorial Units. University of Wales Press, Cardiff 1969.


  4. ^ "Merioneth County Council Elections". Cambrian News. 25 January 1889. p. 8. Retrieved 8 July 2015..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  5. ^ "The County of Gwynedd (Electoral Changes) Order 2002, Welsh Statutory Instrument 2002 No. 3274 (W.312)". Office of Public Sector Information. 2002. Retrieved 2008-07-27.




Further reading



  • Bowen, E. G. & Gresham, C. A. (1967) History of Merioneth. Vol 1 From the earliest times to the age of the native princes. Dolgellau: Merioneth Historical and Record Society

  • Beverley Smith, J. & L., eds. (2001) History of Merioneth. Vol. 2 The Middle Ages. Cardiff: University of Wales Press



Coordinates: 52°50′N 3°50′W / 52.833°N 3.833°W / 52.833; -3.833







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