46th United States Congress



































46th United States Congress


45th ←

→ 47th


USCapitol1877.jpg

United States Capitol (1869)

March 4, 1879 – March 4, 1881
Senate President
William A. Wheeler (R)
Senate Pres. pro tem
Allen G. Thurman (D)
House Speaker
Samuel J. Randall (D)
Members
76 senators
293 representatives
8 non-voting delegates
Senate Majority
Democratic
House Majority
Democratic (coalition)
Sessions

1st: March 18, 1879 – July 1, 1879
2nd: December 1, 1879 – June 16, 1880
3rd: December 6, 1880 – March 3, 1881

The Forty-sixth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1879, to March 4, 1881, during the last two years of Rutherford Hayes's presidency.


The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Ninth Census of the United States in 1870. The Senate had a Democratic majority, while the House of Representatives had a Democratic plurality. The Democrats were still able to control the House, however, with the help of the Independent politicians who caucused with them.





Contents






  • 1 Party summary


    • 1.1 Senate


    • 1.2 House of Representatives




  • 2 Leadership


    • 2.1 Senate


    • 2.2 House of Representatives




  • 3 Major events


  • 4 Major legislation


  • 5 Members


    • 5.1 Senate


      • 5.1.1 Alabama


      • 5.1.2 Arkansas


      • 5.1.3 California


      • 5.1.4 Colorado


      • 5.1.5 Connecticut


      • 5.1.6 Delaware


      • 5.1.7 Florida


      • 5.1.8 Georgia


      • 5.1.9 Illinois


      • 5.1.10 Indiana


      • 5.1.11 Iowa


      • 5.1.12 Kansas


      • 5.1.13 Kentucky


      • 5.1.14 Louisiana


      • 5.1.15 Maine


      • 5.1.16 Maryland


      • 5.1.17 Massachusetts


      • 5.1.18 Michigan


      • 5.1.19 Minnesota


      • 5.1.20 Mississippi


      • 5.1.21 Missouri


      • 5.1.22 Nebraska


      • 5.1.23 Nevada


      • 5.1.24 New Hampshire


      • 5.1.25 New Jersey


      • 5.1.26 New York


      • 5.1.27 North Carolina


      • 5.1.28 Ohio


      • 5.1.29 Oregon


      • 5.1.30 Pennsylvania


      • 5.1.31 Rhode Island


      • 5.1.32 South Carolina


      • 5.1.33 Tennessee


      • 5.1.34 Texas


      • 5.1.35 Vermont


      • 5.1.36 Virginia


      • 5.1.37 West Virginia


      • 5.1.38 Wisconsin




    • 5.2 House of Representatives


      • 5.2.1 Alabama


      • 5.2.2 Arkansas


      • 5.2.3 California


      • 5.2.4 Colorado


      • 5.2.5 Connecticut


      • 5.2.6 Delaware


      • 5.2.7 Florida


      • 5.2.8 Georgia


      • 5.2.9 Illinois


      • 5.2.10 Indiana


      • 5.2.11 Iowa


      • 5.2.12 Kansas


      • 5.2.13 Kentucky


      • 5.2.14 Louisiana


      • 5.2.15 Maine


      • 5.2.16 Maryland


      • 5.2.17 Massachusetts


      • 5.2.18 Michigan


      • 5.2.19 Minnesota


      • 5.2.20 Mississippi


      • 5.2.21 Missouri


      • 5.2.22 Nebraska


      • 5.2.23 Nevada


      • 5.2.24 New Hampshire


      • 5.2.25 New Jersey


      • 5.2.26 New York


      • 5.2.27 North Carolina


      • 5.2.28 Ohio


      • 5.2.29 Oregon


      • 5.2.30 Pennsylvania


      • 5.2.31 Rhode Island


      • 5.2.32 South Carolina


      • 5.2.33 Tennessee


      • 5.2.34 Texas


      • 5.2.35 Vermont


      • 5.2.36 Virginia


      • 5.2.37 West Virginia


      • 5.2.38 Wisconsin


      • 5.2.39 Non-voting delegates






  • 6 Changes in membership


    • 6.1 Senate


    • 6.2 House of Representatives




  • 7 Committees


    • 7.1 Senate


    • 7.2 House of Representatives


    • 7.3 Joint committees




  • 8 Caucuses


  • 9 Employees


    • 9.1 Senate


    • 9.2 House of Representatives




  • 10 See also


  • 11 References


  • 12 External links





Party summary



Senate







































































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Anti-
Monopoly
(AM)

Democratic
(D)

Republican
(R)

Independent
(I)
Other

End of the previous congress

1

36

38

1

0
76
0

Begin

1

42

31

1

0

75
1
End
Final voting share 7000130000000000000♠1.3% 7001560000000000000♠56.0% 7001413009999900000♠41.3% 7000130000000000000♠1.3% 5000000000000000000♠0.0%
Beginning of the next congress

0

37

36

1

1
(Readjuster)
75
1


House of Representatives













































































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Democratic
(D)

Independent
Democratic
(ID)

Independent
(I)

National
Greenback
(NG)

Republican
(R)
End of the previous congress

154

1

0

0

136
291
2

Begin

145

4

1

11

131

292
1
End 146 129 291 2
Final voting share 7001502000000000000♠50.2% 7000140000000099999♠1.4% 6999300000000000000♠0.3% 7000380000000000000♠3.8% 7001443000000000000♠44.3%
Beginning of the next congress

128

1

1

10

151
291
0


Leadership




President of the Senate
William A. Wheeler




Senate President pro tempore Allen G. Thurman




House Speaker Samuel J. Randall



Senate




  • President: William A. Wheeler (R)


  • President pro tempore: Allen G. Thurman (D)


  • Democratic Caucus Chairman: William A. Wallace


  • Republican Conference Chairman: Henry B. Anthony



House of Representatives




  • Speaker: Samuel J. Randall (D)


  • Democratic Caucus Chairman: John Ford House


  • Republican Conference Chair: William P. Frye



Major events




  • Depression of 1873–79

  • March 18, 1879: Samuel J. Randall was elected in one of the most tightly fought contests for the speakership after the Civil War. Randall, who favored the protective tariff and "hard money," drew his greatest strength from northern cities and greatest opposition from the west and south. The midterm elections of 1878 had gone badly for the Democrats, with the Greenback Party making inroads in key districts. This emboldened Randall's opponents, who rallied to the support of Joseph Blackburn from Kentucky. In the end, Randall prevailed in the Democratic caucus to receive the nomination, with 75 votes to Blackburn's 57 and a scattering of 9 votes to three other candidates. Blackburn, in moving to make Randall's nomination unanimous, steered his supporters away from the nomination of Hendrick B. Wright, a Democrat from Pennsylvania who was nominated by the Greenbacks. In the eventual vote in the House to elect the Speaker, Randall prevailed with 144 votes, to 125 for James Garfield (Republican from Ohio), 13 for Wright, and one for William "Pig Iron" Kelley (Pennsylvania).

  • November 2, 1880: U.S. presidential election, 1880: James Garfield (R) defeated Winfield S. Hancock (D)

  • February 19, 1881: Kansas became the first state to prohibit alcohol.



Major legislation



  • [Data unknown/missing.]


Members


This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district.


Skip to House of Representatives, below


Senate


Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1880; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1882; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1884.











House of Representatives


The names of members are preceded by their district numbers.












Changes in membership


The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.



Senate



  • replacements: 4


    • Democratic: no net change


    • Republican: no net change



  • deaths: 3

  • resignations: 1

  • interim appointments: 2

  • Total seats with changes: 5




























































State
(class)
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

New Hampshire (3)
Vacant
Legislature had failed to elect.
An interim successor was appointed March 13, 1879.

Charles H. Bell (R)
March 13, 1879

New Hampshire (3)

Charles H. Bell (R)
Successor elected June 18, 1879, but did not begin service until June 20, 1879, for unknown reasons.

Henry W. Blair (R)
June 20, 1879

Michigan (1)

Zachariah Chandler (R)
Died November 1, 1879.
Successor appointed November 17, 1879, to continue the term.
Appointee was elected January 19, 1881, to finish the term.

Henry P. Baldwin (R)
November 17, 1879

Alabama (3)

George S. Houston (D)
Died December 31, 1879.
Successor appointed January 7, 1880, to continue the term.


Luke Pryor (D)
January 7, 1880

Georgia (3)

John B. Gordon (D)
Resigned May 26, 1880, to promote building of the Georgia Pacific Railway.
Successor elected May 26, 1880.

Joseph E. Brown (D)
May 26, 1880

Alabama (3)

Luke Pryor (D)
Successor elected November 23, 1880.

James L. Pugh (D)
November 24, 1880

Wisconsin (3)

Matthew H. Carpenter (R)
Died February 24, 1881.
Vacant
Not filled this term


House of Representatives



  • replacements: 8


    • Democratic: 1 seat net gain


    • Republican: 1 seat net loss



  • deaths: 4

  • resignations: 3

  • contested election: 2

  • Total seats with changes: 11






























































































District
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

Texas 6th
Vacant
Rep. Gustav Schleicher died during previous congress

Christopher C. Upson (D)
April 15, 1879

New York 12th
Vacant
Rep.-elect Alexander Smith died during previous congress

Waldo Hutchins (D)
November 4, 1879

Iowa 5th

Rush Clark (R)
Died April 29, 1879

William G. Thompson (R)
October 14, 1879

Missouri 7th

Alfred M. Lay (D)
Died December 8, 1879

John F. Philips (D)
January 10, 1880

New York 32nd

Ray V. Pierce (R)
Resigned September 18, 1880

Jonathan Scoville (D)
November 12, 1880

Alabama 6th

Burwell B. Lewis (D)
Resigned October 1, 1880, to accept presidency of the University of Alabama

Newton N. Clements (D)
December 8, 1880

Ohio 19th

James A. Garfield (R)
Resigned November 8, 1880

Ezra B. Taylor (R)
December 13, 1880

New Hampshire 3rd

Evarts W. Farr (R)
Died November 30, 1880

Ossian Ray (R)
January 8, 1881

Florida 2nd

Noble A. Hull (D)
Lost contested election January 22, 1881

Horatio Bisbee, Jr. (R)
January 22, 1881

North Carolina 1st

Joseph J. Martin (R)
Lost contested election January 29, 1881

Jesse J. Yeates (D)
January 29, 1881

New York 9th

Fernando Wood (D)
Died February 14, 1881
Vacant
Not filled this term

Michigan 7th

Omar D. Conger (R)
Resigned March 3, 1881, after being elected to the US Senate
Vacant
Not filled this term


Committees


Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (3 links), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.



Senate




  • Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress (Select)

  • Agriculture

  • Appropriations

  • Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate


  • Cabinet Officers on the Floor of the Senate (Select)

  • Civil Service and Retrenchment

  • Claims

  • Commerce


  • Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)

  • District of Columbia

  • Education and Labor


  • Elections of 1878 (Select)


  • Emigration of Negroes from the South to North (Select)

  • Engrossed Bills

  • Enrolled Bills


  • Epidemic Diseases (Select)


  • Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service (Select)

  • Finance

  • Foreign Relations


  • Freedman's Savings and Trust Company (Select)

  • Indian Affairs


  • Indian Territory (Select)

  • Manufactures

  • Military Affairs

  • Mines and Mining


  • Mississippi River and its Tributaries (Select)

  • Naval Affairs


  • Nicaraguan Claims (Select)


  • Ordnance and War Ships (Select)

  • Patents

  • Pensions


  • Plueropneumonia among Animals (Select)

  • Post Office and Post Roads

  • Private Land Claims

  • Privileges and Elections

  • Public Lands

  • Railroads

  • Revision of the Laws

  • Revolutionary Claims

  • Rules


  • Tariff Regulation (Select)


  • Tenth Census (Select)

  • Territories


  • Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (Select)


  • Treasury Department Account Discrepancies (Select)

  • Whole



House of Representatives



  • Accounts


  • Alcoholic Liquor Traffic (Select)

  • Agriculture

  • Appropriations

  • Banking and Currency

  • Claims

  • Coinage, Weights and Measures

  • Commerce

  • District of Columbia

  • Education and Labor

  • Elections

  • Enrolled Bills

  • Expenditures in the Interior Department

  • Expenditures in the Justice Department

  • Expenditures in the Navy Department

  • Expenditures in the Post Office Department

  • Expenditures in the State Department

  • Expenditures in the Treasury Department

  • Expenditures in the War Department

  • Expenditures on Public Buildings

  • Foreign Affairs

  • Indian Affairs

  • Invalid Pensions

  • Judiciary

  • Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River

  • Manufactures

  • Mileage

  • Military Affairs

  • Militia

  • Mines and Mining

  • Naval Affairs

  • Pacific Railroads

  • Patents

  • Pensions

  • Post Office and Post Roads

  • Public Buildings and Grounds

  • Public Expenditures

  • Public Lands

  • Railways and Canals

  • Revision of Laws


  • Rules (Select)

  • Standards of Official Conduct

  • Territories

  • War Claims

  • Ways and Means

  • Whole



Joint committees



  • Budget Control


  • Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)



Caucuses




  • Democratic (House)


  • Democratic (Senate)



Employees




  • Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark


  • Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford


  • Public Printer of the United States: John D. Defrees



Senate




  • Secretary: George C. Gorham

    • John C. Burch elected March 24, 1879



  • Sergeant at Arms: John R. French

    • Richard J. Bright, elected March 23, 1879



  • Chaplain: Joseph J. Bullock (Presbyterian)



House of Representatives




  • Clerk: George M. Adams


  • Sergeant at Arms: John G. Thompson


  • Doorkeeper: Charles W. Field


  • Postmaster: James M. Steuart


  • Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: J. Randolph Tucker, Jr.

    • George P. Miller

    • Michael Sullivan




  • Reading Clerks: [Data unknown/missing.]


  • Chaplain: W.P. Harrison (Methodist)



See also




  • United States elections, 1878 (elections leading to this Congress)

    • United States Senate elections, 1878 and 1879

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1878




  • United States elections, 1880 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)

    • United States presidential election, 1880

    • United States Senate elections, 1880

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1880





References




  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.



External links



  • Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

  • U.S. House of Representatives: House History

  • U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists


  • Congressional Directory for the 46th Congress, 1st Session.


  • Congressional Directory for the 46th Congress, 2nd Session.


  • Congressional Directory for the 46th Congress, 2nd Session (Revision).


  • Congressional Directory for the 46th Congress, 3rd Session.


  • Congressional Directory for the 46th Congress, 3rd Session (Revision).









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