1988 Toronto municipal election




The 1988 Toronto municipal election was held to elect members of municipal councils, school boards, and hydro commissions in the six municipalities that made up Metropolitan Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The election was held November 14, 1988. This election also marked the abolition of Boards of Control in North York, Etobicoke, Scarborough, and York. The Toronto Board of Control had been abolished in 1969.




Contents






  • 1 Metro


  • 2 Toronto


    • 2.1 Mayor


    • 2.2 City council




  • 3 By-election


  • 4 Borough of East York


    • 4.1 Mayor


    • 4.2 Councillor


    • 4.3 Trustee


    • 4.4 Hydro Commission




  • 5 City of Etobicoke


    • 5.1 Mayor


    • 5.2 City Councillors




  • 6 City of Scarborough


    • 6.1 Mayor


    • 6.2 City Councillors


    • 6.3 Public Utilities Commission




  • 7 City of North York


    • 7.1 Mayor


    • 7.2 Council


    • 7.3 School Board


    • 7.4 Hydro Commission




  • 8 City of York


    • 8.1 Mayor


    • 8.2 City Council


    • 8.3 Board of Trustees




  • 9 References





Metro




The electoral divisions used for Metro in the 1988 election


The 1988 campaign was the first time most members of Metro Toronto were all directly elected. Toronto had moved to direct elections in 1985, but the other cities had still had a selection of council members dually seated at Metro. In the new council only the five mayors would be granted automatic Metro seats.



East York


Peter Oyler - 11,088

Avril Usha Velupillai - 7,885

Bob Willis - 2,043



Lakeshore Queensway


Chris Stockwell - 10,442


Morley Kells - 7,790




Kingsway Humber


Dennis Flynn - 16,642

Jack Soules - 4,497



Markland Centennial


Dick O'Brien - 13,049


Leonard Braithwaite - 7,296




Rexdale Thistletown


Lois Griffin - acclaimed



North York Humber


Mario Gentile - 19,697

Angelo Natale - 4,795



Black Creek


Maria Augimeri - 19,244

Camilo Tiqui - 2,462

Sherland Chhangur - 2,391



North York Spadina


Howard Moscoe - acclaimed



North York Centre South


Bev Salmon - 10,618


Gordon Chong - 7,223



North York Centre


Norman Gardner - acclaimed



Don Parkway


Marie Labette - 14,443

Courtney Doidron - 3,108



Seneca Heights


Joan King - acclaimed



Scarborough Bluffs


Brian Ashton - 9,957

Bill Belfontaine - 8,348



Scarborough Wexford


Maureen Prinsloo - 6,007

Bryan Prettie - 4,922



Scarborough Centre


Brian Harrison - 8,516

Barry Christensen - 5,150

Keith Sutherland - 1,906



Scarborough Malvern


Bob Sanders - 4,780

Hugh Evelyn - 3,575

Chris Burry - 1,309

Yaqoob Khan - 1,308

Roy Paluoja - 448



Scarborough Highland Creek


Ken Morrish - acclaimed



Scarborough Agincourt


Scott Cavalier - 8,175

Eden Gajraj - 1,861



High Park


Derwyn Shea - 11,473


Ben Grys - 9,204



Trinity Niagara


Joe Pantalone - 8,717

Lamartine Silva - 3,864



Davenport


Richard Gilbert - 7,880

Dennis Fotinos - 5,133



North Toronto


Anne Johnston - acclaimed



Midtown


Ila Bossons - 7,924


Ying Hope - 7,196

Bill Granger - 4,375



Downtown


Dale Martin - 10,322

Janly Pang - 3,950



Don River


Roger Hollander - 11,785

Richard Yue - 5,447



East Toronto


Paul Christie - 11,187

Linda Lynch - 9,361



York Eglinton


Mike Colle - 11,527

Jacquie Chic - 3,571



York Humber


Alan Tonks - acclaimed


Lakeshore Queensway Councillor Chris Stockwell resigned when he won a seat in the 1990 Provincial Election. A by-election was held on November 29, 1990.




Blake Kinahan - 1,770

Bruce Davis - 1,520

Ron Barr - 1,150

Jeff Knoll - 994

Richard Clupa - 657

Helen Wursta - 550

Kevin McGourty - 221

Agnes Ugolini Potts - 213

Branko Gasperlin - 180

Aileen Anderson - 157

Maureen Hunter Dennis - 107

Stephen Elkerton - 62



Toronto



Mayor


Incumbent mayor Art Eggleton faced little opposition in his bid for his fourth term of office. His closest opponent was New Democrat Carolann Wright.



Results


Art Eggleton - 91,180

Carolann Wright - 24,479

Bill Roberts - 7,235


Don Andrews - 5,690

John Kellerman - 3,197

Jim Atherton - 2,459


Ben Kerr - 2,204

Zoltan Szoboszlov - 2,202

Alan Ritchie - 1,869



City council




Ward boundaries used in the 1988 election


There was the largest turnover in councillors in this election since the 1972 election. The left on council ran a joint Reform Toronto campaign focused on curbing the development industry. The vote was a major triumph for the left on city council with two prominent and long-serving conservatives defeated: Fred Beavis, who had served on council since 1961, was defeated by environmentalist Marilyn Churley, and in the north end, conservative Michael Gee lost to Howard Levine.



Ward 1 (Swansea and Bloor West Village)


William Boytchuk (incumbent) - 7,686

David Garrick - 4,092



Ward 2 (Parkdale


Chris Korwin-Kuczynski (incumbent) - 7,242

Francine Dick - 1,312

Michael Sarazen - 412

Thomas Bose - 348



Ward 3 (Brockton)


Tony O'Donohue (incumbent) - 4,269

Jimmy Talpa - 837



Ward 4 (Trinity-Bellwoods and Little Italy)


Martin Silva - 3,529

Nick Figliano - 1,494

Tony Letra - 1,266

Joey Pimental - 675



Ward 5 (Financial District, Toronto - University of Toronto)


Liz Amer- 3,481


Peter Maloney - 2,336

Rachel Foulkes - 1,226

Steve BFG Johnson - 417

Ray Barker - 224



Ward 6 Downtown East


Jack Layton (incumbent) - 5,486

Lois MacMillan-Walker - 1,480



Ward 7 (Regent Park and Cabbagetown)


Barbara Hall (incumbent) - 4,748

Mike Armstrong - 1,536

Allan Boudreau - 499



Ward 8 (Riverdale)


Marilyn Churley - 5,771


Fred Beavis (incumbent) - 4,192

Paul Ralna - 1,028



Ward 9 (East Danforth)


Tom Clifford (incumbent) - 5,220

Mitchell Kosny - 3,498

Michael Tegtmeyer - 370



Ward 10 (The Beaches)


Tom Jakobek (incumbent) - 9,782

Glenn Middleton - 2,443



Ward 11 (The Junction)


Rob Maxwell - 3,299

Peter Zahakos - 3,119

Melania Leshko - 545



Ward 12 (Davenport and Corso Italia)


Betty Disero (incumbent) - acclaimed



Ward 13 (The Annex and Yorkville)


Nadine Nowlan (incumbent) - acclaimed



Ward 14 (Forest Hill)


Howard Levine - 5,477


Michael Gee (incumbent) - 4,995



Ward 15 (Western North Toronto)


Kay Gardner (incumbent) - 7,955

Jeffrey Stutz - 1,966

Bob Murphy - 1,591



Ward 16 (Davisville and Lawrence Park)


Michael Walker (incumbent) - 5,436

Malcolm Martini - 5,249

Joanne Short - 722


Results are taken from the November 15, 1988 Toronto Star and might not exactly match final tallies.



By-election


Ward 8 Councillor Marilyn Churley resigned upon winning a seat in the 1990 Provincial Election. A by-election was held on November 29, 1990:




Peter Tabuns - 3,217

Linda Lynch - 2,421

Carol Mark - 521

Susan Millingen - 195

Donald Andrews - 137

Daniel Browning - 97



Borough of East York


The election in East York was a rather tame affair with the mayor, Dave Johnson handily re-elected by a large plurality. On Council five of eight members were new but only one incumbent, Bob Dale was defeated. Incumbent Steve Mastoras was re-elected but demoted to Junior Councillor in Ward 2.[1]


† - denotes incumbent status from previous council



Mayor



  • †Dave Johnson - 20,234

  • Herbert T. McGroarty - 3,531

  • Robert Ruminski - 713



Councillor


Two councillors were elected to each ward.



Ward 1


Case Ootes - 2,903


Michael Prue - 2,413

John Papadakis - 1,101

Melanie Milanich - 868

John Couvell - 398

Michael Grosso - 303

Alex Parucha - 292



Ward 2

†Bill Buckingham - 4,275

†George Vasilopolous - 3,920

Paul Robinson - 3,351



Ward 3

Helen Kennedy - 3,418

†Steve Mastoras - 3,006

†Bob Dale - 2,561

Anastasios Baxevanidis - 609



Ward 4

Lorna Krawchuk - 4,343

Jenner Jean-Marie - 4,016

Steve Gorgey - 2,686

Ghamsh Kara - 1,713



Trustee



Ward 1 (3 to be elected)

†Gail Nyberg - 2,419

Janet McKeown - 1,781

Dennis Kolby - 1,503

Randy Silar - 1,146

Grace Stephens - 907



Ward 2 (1 to be elected)

†Connie Culbertson - 3,553

†Ken Maxted - 3,069

Alexander Kory - 1,679



Ward 3 (3 to be elected)

Margaret Hazelton - 2,643

Len Self - 1,884

Shirley Boast - 1,205

Russell English - 609



Ward 4 (3 to be elected)

Elca Rennick - 4,128

Ruth Goldhar - 3,978

Henry Friesen - 1,447

Abdul Hal Patel - 954



Hydro Commission


(2 to be elected)



†Frank E. Johnson - 13,033

John Flowers - 9,801

Georgia Dunn - 8,964

John Nursey - 3,334



City of Etobicoke



Mayor



  • (x)Bruce Sinclair: 45,860

  • Terry Howes: 13,081

  • Margaret Krell: 6,547

  • Robert Goddard Young: 6,269

  • Neville Berry: 4,146



City Councillors


Ward 1




  • Irene Jones: 3,404

  • (x)Helen Wursta: 1,752

  • Frank Falcone: 780

  • Harold Merten: 334


Ward 2



  • (x)Alex Faulkner: 4,288

  • Richard Clupa: 1,484

  • James Shawera: 292


Ward 3




  • Ross Bissell: 2,747

  • Aileen Anderson: 2,055

  • Martha MacGray: 1,825

  • John Cudahy: 942


Ward 4




  • Michael O'Rourke: 2,303

  • Jane Scott: 1,312

  • Elizabeth Holmes: 1,225

  • Chris O'Toole: 1,081

  • Al Kolyn: 923

  • Geoffrey Grossmith: 815


Ward 5




  • Anne Methot: 2,150

  • Sperril Chambers: 1,623

  • Al Allman: 1,334

  • Steven Davis: 1,041

  • Ken Lopez: 721

  • Gino Marranghi: 373


Ward 6



  • Douglas Holyday

  • (x)Ron Barr: 1,358

  • John Woodroof: 1,314

  • Tom Ferguson: 509


Ward 7



  • (x)Gloria Luby: 4,209

  • Alida Leistra: 3,344


Ward 8



  • (x)Mary Huffman: 4,189

  • John Alati: 3,841


Ward 9



  • (x)Alex Marchetti: 4,473

  • Leonard Zaleski: 1,597


Ward 10


  • (x)David Robertson (acclaimed)

Ward 11



  • (x)Karen Herrell: 2,658

  • Raj Chopra: 780


Ward 12



  • (x)John Hastings: 1,260

  • Ed McWilliams: 998

  • Peter Hutchens: 968

  • Shan Rana: 617



City of Scarborough



Mayor




  • Joyce Trimmer: 53,566


  • Norm Kelly: 48,701

  • Owen: 7,951

  • O'Malley: 3,137

  • Max French: 1,509

  • Abel Van Wyk: 939



City Councillors


Ward 1



  • Harvey Barron ; 5,077

  • Webster ; 1,856


Ward 2




  • Gerry Altobello ; 4,392

  • Cayenne ; 2,483


Ward 3



  • John Wardrope ; 4,887

  • Duncan ; 1,948

  • Kazia ; 1,017


Ward 4




  • Lorenzo Berardinetti ; 2,453

  • Kurt Christensen ; 2,449

  • Glynwilliams ; 1,936

  • Ward ; 1,011

  • McDowell ; 318

  • Georges Legault ; 292


Ward 5



  • Marilyn Mushinski ; Acclaimation

Ward 6



  • Paul Mushinski; 1,997

  • Elliott ; 1,514

  • Lombardi ; 1,288

  • Michalopoulo ; 1,078

  • McPherson ; 864

  • Cavoto ; 544

  • Sharma ; 524


Ward 7



  • Fred Johnson, F ; 5,209

  • Borisko ; 4,259


Ward 8



  • Shirley Eidt ; 5,487

  • Murray ; 2,013

  • Chadha ; 651


Ward 9




  • Ron Moeser ; 4,655

  • John Mackie ; 4,539

  • Roberts ; 1,385

  • Cocco ; 1,193

  • Vaya ; 221


Ward 10



  • Ron Watson; 3,961

  • Mahood, P ; 2,828

  • Wilson, M ; 544

  • Cotter ; 478


Ward 11




  • Sherene Shaw ; 2,458

  • Lombardi, D ; 1,308

  • Munro ; 1,155

  • Edmonds ; 1,035

  • Jacobs ; 907

  • Zaidi ; 422


Ward 12




  • Doug Mahood; 5,759

  • Cheung, K ; 1,754


Ward 13




  • Bas Balkissoon ; 2,269

  • Pratley ; 2,249

  • Cheung, J ; 1,148

  • Clements ; 1,003

  • Bob Watson; 541

  • Wilson, L ; 519


Ward 14



  • Edith Montgomery ; 4,956

  • Loughlin, B ; 947

  • Nafis ; 489



Public Utilities Commission



  • Cavanagh ; 55,439

  • Beatty ; 50,044

  • Stewart ; 39,197

  • Olders ; 10,530





City of North York


Mel Lastman was re-elected mayor of the North York for the sixth consecutive time. His wife, Marilyn also tried to obtain a council seat but was defeated by former school trustee Bob Bradley. Only one incumbent councillor, Bob Yuill was defeated in Ward 8 by newcomer Joanne Flint. All other councillors were re-elected.[2][3]



Mayor



  • x-Mel Lastman 98,856

  • Mike Foster 13,486

  • Douglas Campbell 10,290

  • Freddie Jay 1,939



Council


Ward 1



  • x-Mario Sergio 6,365

  • Tony Marzilli 2,881

  • Fred Craft 859


Ward 2




  • Judy Sgro 6,882

  • Gerry Iuliano 2,398

  • Luigi Cavaleri 926


Ward 3



  • x-Peter Li Preti 5,123

  • Peter Pallotta 808

  • Nella Lanzellotti 759

  • Shanta Ramotar 486


Ward 4



  • x-Frank Di Giorgio 3,658

  • Maria Rizzo 2,933

  • Eleanor Rosen 1,084

  • Gino Cipollone 239

  • Rhea Horwich 226


Ward 5











































1988 Toronto municipal election, North York Councillor, Ward Fiveedit
Candidate
Total votes
% of total votes
Notes

Anthony Perruzza
5,207
50.65
Frank Crudo
1,967
19.13
Bruno Rea
1,557
15.14
John Butcher
951
9.25
Charles Olito
599
5.83
Total valid votes
10,281
100.00

46 out of 47 polls reporting.



  • Frank Crudo was a 26-year-old design and construction company project manager during the 1988 election. He called for a stronger campaign against drugs on North York's streets.[4] When Anthony Perruzza was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1990, Crudo applied to the North York council to be selected as his replacement. He was rejected in favor of Claudio Polsinelli.[5] He later campaigned for Metro Toronto's Black Creek ward in the 1991 municipal election, saying that he was running against the area's "NDP machine".[6] He lost to Maria Augimeri. During the 1993 federal election, Crudo was part of a group of dissident Liberals who supported the candidacy of Peter Li Preti over Art Eggleton, following Eggleton's appointment as the riding's Liberal candidate.[7]

  • Bruno Rea holds a Ph.D. in political philosophy from Oxford University. He worked as a policy adviser for the Ontario Ministry of Labour in the 1980s, researching and writing briefs on workers' compensation and employment standards. He was a member of the Liberal Party. In 1987, he wrote an editorial piece for The Globe and Mail newspaper opposing capital punishment.[8] He was twenty-nine years old during the 1988 election, and called for a crackdown on crime and a slower pace of regional development.[9] He was endorsed by the Toronto Star newspaper, and was originally regarded as a serious candidate for election.[10] He was arrested one week prior to the election, after trying to dispose of 161 signs belonging to Anthony Perruzza, his New Democratic Party opponent, on the grounds of York University at 3:30 in the morning.[11] He pleaded guilty to a charge of mischief in February 1989, and was fined.[12] Rea was listed as a senior policy adviser for the Ministry of Labour in 2000.[13]

  • John Butcher campaigned for the North York City Council on three occasions. In 1982 and 1985, he lost to Irving Chapley in Ward Seven. He was forty-four years old in 1988, and described himself as a lifelong resident of the ward. He acknowledged that he was not likely to win election.[14]


Ward 6



  • x-Milton Berger 6,127

  • Anne Lelovic 2,403


Ward 7



  • x-Irving W. Chapley 5,267

  • Eric Cohen 4,595

  • Mark Arshawsky 516


Ward 8



  • Joanne Flint 5,376

  • Bob Yuill 3,462


Ward 9



  • x-Ron Summers 6,532

  • Ernie Springolo 3,035


Ward 10



  • Don Yuill 3,338

  • Cora Urbel 2,579

  • Marg Middleton 948

  • John Boysen 760

  • Peter Bate 704

  • Ramon Solevilla 546


Ward 11



  • x-Jim McGuffin 6,094

  • Freddy Trasmundi 864


Ward 12



  • x-Barry Burton 3,868

  • John Murphy 2,551

  • Ronald Hyslop 856

  • Peter Allis 527


Ward 13



  • Bob Bradley 4,453

  • Marilyn Lastman 3,761

  • Harvey Brooker 1,031

  • Allan Ginsberg 544


Ward 14


  • x-Paul Sutherland acclaimed


School Board


Ward 1



  • Sheila Lambrinos 1,195

  • Ted Wray 875

  • Wendy Essex 638

  • Doug Kvistbo 198


Ward 2



  • Bob Churchill 1,463

  • Jim Darvill 774

  • John Campbell 744

  • Lilia Ruffolo 387

  • Angelo Castellano 349

  • Aurelio Caldarelli 238


Ward 3



  • x-Elizabeth Smith 960

  • Stephnie Payne 728

  • Philomen Wright 570

  • Natalie Soobrian 482


Ward 4



  • x-Elsa Chandler 3,083

  • Bob Daggett 762


Ward 5



  • x-Errol Young 2,862

  • Leslie Soobrian 736


Ward 6




























1988 Toronto municipal election, North York Board of Education, Ward Sixedit
Candidate
Total votes
% of total votes
Notes
Cheryl Moscoe
3,852
52.82
Phyllis Weinberg
3,441
47.18
Total valid votes
7,293
100.00

  • Phyllis Weinberg was 56 years old during the campaign, and was described as a psychotherapist and former teacher.[15] She was listed in 1996 as the owner and operator of Orthodox Counselling Services, which offers support on stress management and family issues in the Orthodox Jewish community.[16] She had previously campaigned for the North York Hydro Commission in 1985, finishing sixth out of nine candidates. She was twice asked to stop campaigning on the grounds of a public school in 1988, and was criticized for giving candy to children near school property. Weinberg argued that the complaints against her were part of a "mud-slinging campaign" designed to prevent her from winning the seat.[17] She planned to campaign for the ward six seat again in the 1991 election, but withdrew before election day.[18]

Ward 7


  • x-Mae Waese acclaimed

Ward 8



  • x-Gerri Gershon 6,205

  • Trevor Tymchuk 1,203


Ward 9



  • x-Shelley Stillman 5,803

  • Rose Yunger 1,756


Ward 10



  • x-Darlene Scott 4,997

  • Rena Gordon 2,052


Ward 11


  • x-John Filion acclaimed

Ward 12


  • x-Ken Crowley acclaimed

Ward 13



  • x-Dan Hicks 5,235

  • Gini Sharma 2,509


Ward 14



  • x-Ralph Belfry 4,741

  • Dash Shah 1,461



Hydro Commission


(2 elected)



  • x-Carl Anderson 57,280

  • Bob Dyer 44,177

  • x-Jack Bedder 37,121

  • Donald Hubbs 13,183

  • Jack Arshawsky 12,506

  • Irving Bricks 10,160



City of York



Mayor


Mario Faraone was a 47-year-old building designer, consultant, and the owner of the firm F.M. Faraone and Sons company. He campaigned in support of urban tax reform, better traffic planning and affordable housing.[19] He was a member of the Liberal Party, but ran without a party endorsement.[20] A 1990 article in the Toronto Star newspaper drew attention to the fact that the York adjustment committee approved every single proposal put forward by Faraone in 1989 through 1990, despite serious concerns from local residents in some instances. One of the committee members was Faraone's business partner, Jack Capitanio. Faraone denied any suggestion of wrongdoing, and argued that his success rate was a reflection of his experience in the building industry. Capitano also denied suggestions of favouritism.[21] Mayor Fergy Brown responded to the article by saying that he would raise the matter at the next council meeting, and recommended the city's legal department start an investigation.[22] Newspaper reports do not indicate how the matter was resolved. Faraone has remained active in the building trade.[23]





































1988 Toronto municipal election, Mayor of Yorkedit
Candidate
Total votes
% of total votes
Notes

Fergy Brown
21,493
58.74


Tony Grande
13,616
37.21

Mario Faraone
1,482
4.05

Total valid votes

36,591

100.00



City Council


Of the eight ward races, six incumbents were returned. Newcomer Frances Nunziata beat incumbent Gary Bloor in Ward 7. Jim Fera was also a new member for Ward 5.[24]



Ward 1

Ben Nobleman (incumbent) 2,228

Daria Bradbury 1,885



Ward 2

Tony Mandarano (incumbent) 2,558

Chai Kalevar 809

Frank Rogers 592



Ward 3


Tony Rizzo (incumbent) 1,965

Ron Bradd 1,786

Suzana Dozsa 404

Lisa Alliston 298

Dino Coletti 150

Ettore Reda 72

Roland Saggiorato (withdrew)



Ward 4

Nicolo Fortunato (incumbent) 1,421

Joan Roberts 1,179

Salvatore Sinopoli 458

Sydney King 181



Ward 5

Jim Fera 1,890

Enrico M. Iafolla 1,479

Dan Howells 597



Ward 6

Bob McLean (incumbent) 4,277

Rick Richards 1,367



Ward 7

Frances Nunziata 2,969

Gary Bloor (incumbent) 2,252

Gurpreet Malhotra 83



Ward 8

Bill Saundercook (incumbent, acclaimed)



Board of Trustees



Ward 1

Karen Hen (incumbent) 2,162

James Stevens 809



Ward 2*

Branko Jovanovich 833

Pete Karageorgos 826

Marion Ward 561


  • Election Night Results - Recount


Ward 2 Post Recount

Branko Jovanovich 828

Pete Karageorgos 827

Marion Ward 561

Due to irregularities by-election ordered by District Court Judge R.G. Conant



Ward 2 By-Election Results - June 19, 1989

Pete Karageorgos 537

Branko Jovanovich 527

Marion Ward 196



Ward 3

Ruth Russell (incumbent) 1,897

Peter Luci 559



Ward 4

Elizabeth Hill 760

Michael Bunker 442

Stefano Scopacasa 363

Charles Ashton 88



Ward 5

Patricia Hainer 1,260

Joseph Morriello 1,051



Ward 6

John Gibson (incumbent) 2,096

Brian Morgan 1,623



Ward 7

Steven Mold (incumbent) 2,551

Jon Gentry 1,005



Ward 8

Madeleine McDowell (incumbent) 1,804

Gaye Lew 1,129





References





  1. ^ Holden, Alfred; Fruman, Leslie (November 15, 1988). "Easy win for incumbent mayor Johnson". Toronto Star. pp. B3, B7..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ James, Royson (November 15, 1988). "Bittersweet victory for Mel as Marilyn loses". Toronto Star. p. 8.


  3. ^ "Civic election '88". The Globe and Mail. November 16, 1988. p. A16.


  4. ^ "The candidates", Toronto Star, 10 November 1988, A15.


  5. ^ Stan Josey, "Ex-North York councillors join race for vacant seat", Toronto Star, 14 October 1990, A3.


  6. ^ Stan Josey, "Area's diversity emphasized", Toronto Star, 24 October 1991, NY2.


  7. ^ Theresa Boyle, "Disgruntled York Centre Liberals set to go to court", Toronto Star, 4 February 1993, NY2.


  8. ^ Bruno Rea, "All defences of death penalty are full of holes", The Globe and Mail, 14 April 1987, A7.


  9. ^ Sterling Taylor, "Wide social gulf runs down Black Creek valley", Toronto Star, 25 October 1988, A7.


  10. ^ "North York choices", Toronto Star, 5 November 1988, D2.


  11. ^ Dorothy O'Neill and Cal Miller, "Candidate in Ward 5 found with rival's signs", Toronto Star, 7 November 1988, A1; Robert MacLeod, "Candidate in Ward 5 found with rival's signs", The Globe and Mail, 8 November 1988, A1; Lila Sarick, "False news was spread, municipal candidate says", The Globe and Mail, 12 November 1988, A15 [the title of this piece relates to a separate matter].


  12. ^ "Campaign sign-nappers fined", The Globe and Mail, 16 February 1989, A16.


  13. ^ "Cancer Coalition Meets to Develop Action Plan" [press release], Canada NewsWire, 6 March 2000, 12:44 report. The press release does not indicate if Rea was working for the provincial or federal ministry, although the former seems more likely.


  14. ^ Sterling Taylor, "Wide social gulf runs down Black Creek valley", Toronto Star, 25 October 1988, A7.


  15. ^ "The Candidates", Toronto Star, 11 November 1988, A12.


  16. ^ Isabel Vincent, "I'm Phyllis, and I'm a Jewish mother-in-law", The Globe and Mail, 22 May 1996, A1.


  17. ^ Paul Taylor, "School yard candidate is kicked out", The Globe and Mail, 25 October 1988, A20.


  18. ^ "Record number of candidates in York", Toronto Star, 17 October 1991, NY1.


  19. ^ Darcy Henton, "Close race shapes up in smallest city", Toronto Star, 7 November 1988, A6.


  20. ^ Susan Huxley, "Outgoing York mayor backing council veteran as successor", The Globe and Mail, 11 November 1988, A20.


  21. ^ Kevin Donovan, "The man who always gets his way", Toronto Star, 22 November 1990, A1.


  22. ^ Kevin Donovan, "City of York allegations of conflict to be probed", Toronto Star, 23 November 1990, A6.


  23. ^ Humber-York Community Council Agenda, Meeting No. 5, 20 June 2003, p. 22, accessed 27 October 2006.


  24. ^ "Civic Elections '88 The Results City of York". Toronto Star. November 15, 1988. p. B7.









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