1985 Toronto municipal election




The 1985 Toronto municipal election was held to elect members of municipal councils, school boards, and hydro commissions in the six municipalities that made up Metropolitan Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The election was held on November 12, 1985.




Contents






  • 1 Toronto


    • 1.1 Mayor


    • 1.2 City and Metro council


    • 1.3 Changes




  • 2 East York


    • 2.1 Mayor


    • 2.2 Councillor


    • 2.3 Trustee


    • 2.4 Hydro Commission




  • 3 Etobicoke


    • 3.1 Mayor


    • 3.2 Board of Control




  • 4 North York


    • 4.1 Mayor


    • 4.2 Board of Control


    • 4.3 City Council


    • 4.4 Council


    • 4.5 Hydro Commission


    • 4.6 School Board Trustees




  • 5 Scarborough


    • 5.1 Mayor


    • 5.2 Board of Control (4 elected)


    • 5.3 Public Utilities


    • 5.4 City Councillors




  • 6 York


    • 6.1 Mayor


    • 6.2 Board of Control (2 elected)


    • 6.3 Council


    • 6.4 School Board Trustees




  • 7 Metro Toronto Separate School Trustees


  • 8 Footnotes





Toronto



Mayor


The mayoral election saw progressive North Toronto councillor Anne Johnston challenge incumbent Art Eggleton. Eggleton won reelection by a significant margin, with Johnston not even winning her former ward.



Results


Art Eggleton - 92,994


Anne Johnston - 59,817

Ann Ladas - 1,473

Gaston Schwab - 1,228

Aaron Abraham - 1,077

John J. Benz - 583

Skip Evans - 557

Fred Dunn - 513

Gary Watson - 433


Ben Kerr - 422

Ronald Rodgers - 341

Andrejs Murnieks - 266

Warren J. Van Evera - 223

Gary Weagle - 202



City and Metro council




Ward boundaries used in the 1985 election


The election system was changed in Toronto for the 1985 election. Previously two councillors had been elected from each ward, with the one who received the most votes also getting a spot on Metro Toronto council in addition to their city council seat.[1] Under the new system, one person would be directly elected as a Metro councillor while the other would be elected as a city alderman.[1] Although the Metro councillor would still sit on the city council, the change was accompanied with other structural changes to boost the power of the city aldermen, who had often seen their power and authority diminished by the perception that they were "junior" to the Metro councillors.[1]


Most pairs of incumbent councillors reached tacit agreements with one running for city council and the other for Metro. The one battle between two incumbents was in Ward 5 where in a surprise upset junior councillor Ron Kanter defeated the long serving Ying Hope. Two other long serving councillors were defeated. Joe Piccininni who had represent the Corso d'Italia for 25 years lost to 28-year-old Betty Disero. In the east end NDPers Dorothy Thomas lost in a surprise upset to conservative Paul Christie.



Ward 1 (Swansea and Bloor West Village)

Metro


Derwyn Shea (incumbent) - 10,429

Diana Fancher - 2,675

Robert Szajkowski - 1,270



City


William Boytchuk (incumbent) - 8,491

David White - 6,049

Len Bugeja - 1,030



Ward 2 (Parkdale and Brockton)

Metro


Ben Grys (incumbent) - 7,189

Susan Shaw - 4,223



City


Chris Korwin-Kuczynski (incumbent) - 8,617

Owen Leach - 1,638

Hubert P. Antoic - 777

Jimmy Talpa - 353



Ward 3 (Davenport and Corso Italia)

Metro


Richard Gilbert (incumbent) - 6,745

John Martin - 2,722



City


Betty Disero - 5,096


Joseph Piccininni (incumbent) - 3,835

Judy De Sousa - 1,871

Nick Attarano - 282



Ward 4 (Trinity-Bellwoods and Little Italy)

Metro


Joe Pantalone (incumbent) - 6,519

Joe Pimentel - 2,429

Antonio Nunziata - 666

Hiwon Pak - 336



City


Tony O'Donohue (incumbent) - 5,617

David English - 2,755

Vince Nigro - 2,637



Ward 5 (The Annex and Yorkville)

Metro


Ron Kanter (incumbent) - 9,788


Ying Hope (incumbent) - 5,849



City


Nadine Nowlan - 7,018

David Scott - 4,387

Lawson Oates - 2,509



Ward 6 (Financial District, Toronto - University of Toronto)

Metro


Jack Layton (incumbent) - 9,037

Pearl Loo - 1,972

Edward Jackson - 1,824

Lex Dunkelman - 1,183

Citizen Amber - 414



City


Dale Martin (incumbent) - 6,791


Peter Maloney - 4,923

Jerry Borins - 1,902

Steve BFG Johnson - 1,059



Ward 7 (Regent Park and Riverdale)

Metro


Joanne Campbell (incumbent) - 9,293

James P. Atkins - 1,490

Jack McLeavey - 775



City


Barbara Hall - 6,379

Bill Mole - 2,807

Mike Armstrong - 2,232

Christopher Goulios - 613



Ward 8 (Riverdale)

Metro


Fred Beavis (incumbent) - 7,637

Richard Tyssen - 3,604

Sam Baichoo - 494



City


Thomas Clifford (incumbent) - 7,068

Sheila Cram - 4,035

Michael Tegtmeyer - 339



Ward 9 (The Beaches)

Metro


Tom Jakobek (incumbent) - 12,827

Patterson Higgins - 2,775

Jeremy Agar - 747



City


Paul Christie - 8,985


Dorothy Thomas (incumbent) - 7,042



Ward 10 (Rosedale and North Toronto)

Metro


June Rowlands (incumbent) - acclaimed



City


Michael Walker (incumbent) - acclaimed



Ward 11 (Forest Hill and North Toronto)

Metro


Kay Gardner - 8,369

Belinda Morin - 7,905

March Tigh - 2,614



City


Michael Gee (incumbent) - 15,345

Christopher Nelson - 2,810


Results are taken from the November 13, 1985 Toronto Star and might not exactly match final tallies.



Changes


Ward 7 Metro Councillor Joanne Campbell resigned on September 8, 1987 to accept an appointment to chair the provincial Social Assistance Review Board. Ward 5 Metro Councillor Ron Kanter also resigned when he won a seat in the 1987 Provincial Election. By-elections were held in both wards on October 29, 1987.



Ward 5 Metro



Ying Hope - 3,506

Meg Griffiths - 2,948

Ila Bossons - 1,390

Ben Kerr - 91



Ward 7 Metro


Roger Hollander - 3,701

Jeff Evenson - 3,479

Bill Mole - 392

Christina Fenluk - 256

Ian McIntyre - 220

Geoff Pimbett - 189

Don Andrews - 104

Martin Amber - 46

Trudy Remmes - 21


Ward 10 Metro Councillor June Rowlands resigned April 6, 1988 upon appointment as Chairman of the Metropolitan Toronto Police Commission[2]; on April 18 Alexandra McCallum was appointed as replacement. [3]



East York


Mayor Johnson commented that the election campaign was the quietest, least active he had ever run. He won handily, even though he spent several days in hospital with back pains. On Council, the incumbents in wards one and four were re-elected. Ward two elected newcomers Bill Buckingham and George Vasilopolous while ward three elected Bob Dale and Steve Mastoras.[4][5]


† - denotes incumbent status from previous council



Mayor



  • †Dave Johnson - 17,996

  • Michael Wyatt - 3,070

  • David Quirk - 1,041



Councillor


Two councillors were elected to each ward.


Ward 1


  • †Cy Reader - 3,312

  • †Bob Willis - 3,035

  • Marg Pilger - 1,511


Ward 2


  • Bill Buckingham - 3,155

  • George Vasilopolous - 2,718

  • Alan Cobb - 2,569


  • Michael Prue - 2,187


Ward 3


  • Bob Dale - 2,380

  • Steve Mastoras - 1,403

  • Carol Deschamps - 1,280

  • Susan Kopsas - 1,015

  • Les White - 726

  • Ian Gray - 502

  • John Papadakis - 426

  • Eric Padmore - 286


Ward 4


  • †Peter Oyler - 4,419

  • †J. Edna Beange - 3,127

  • Jenner Jean-Marie - 3,066

  • Jeff Wyatt - 1,085



Trustee


Ward 1 (2 to be elected)


  • Ruth Goldhar - 2,596

  • Gail Nyberg - 2,333

  • Dennis Colby - 1,727


Ward 2 (2 to be elected)


  • Connie Culbertson - Acclaimed

  • Ken Maxted - Acclaimed


Ward 3 (2 to be elected)


  • Margaret Hazelton - 2,241

  • Len Self - 1,898

  • Lynda Bolognini - 1,576


Ward 4 (3 to be elected)


  • Robert J. Murray - 3,277

  • Elca Rennick - 3,266

  • Margaret Millar - 2,582



Hydro Commission


(2 to be elected)



  • Stan Wadlow - 12,667

  • Frank Johnson - 10,732

  • April Medland - 6,023



Etobicoke



Mayor



  • (x)Bruce Sinclair - 40,739

  • Winfield (Bill) Stockwell - 23,060

  • Terry Howes - 1,724

  • Dave Gavel - 1,714

  • Roland Ollivier - 1,003


Sinclair was appointed mayor in August 1984 to replace Dennis Flynn when he was elected Metro Chairman.[6]





Board of Control









































Candidate
Votes

Dick O'Brien (incumbent)
34,248
Lois Griffin 33,175

Leonard Braithwaite (incumbent)
33,085
Morley Kells 29,817

Chris Stockwell (incumbent)
29,629
Doug Holyday 28,982
James Shawera 5,473
Total 6,982

On September 4, 1984, Etobicoke City Council appointed Controller Bruce Sinclair to replace Flynn as mayor and appointed Lois Griffin to fill the Controller position vacated by Sinclair.[6]



North York


Mel Lastman was re-elected mayor of the City and served until 1997. Maria Augimeri was elected to Ward 5, Peter Li Preti was elected to Ward 3 and Mario Gentile was re-elected as Ward 2 councillor. Esther Shiner was re-elected to Board of Control, but died in office in 1987. Norm Gardner lost his seat on the Board of Control.[5]



Mayor



  • x-Mel Lastman 86,925


  • Barbara Greene 29,240

  • Nick Iamonaco 5,286



Board of Control



















































































1985 Toronto municipal election, North York Board of Control (four members elected)edit
Candidate
Total votes
% of total votes
Notes

(x)Esther Shiner

67,345

19.47

(x)Robert Yuill

53,709

15.53

Norman Gardner

51,137

14.78

Howard Moscoe

42,303

12.23

Mike Foster
35,838
10.36
Frank Esposito
21,365
6.18

Bruce Davidson
18,926
5.47

Sonnee Cohen
12,822
3.71
Bernadette Michael
12,764
3.69

Angelo Natale
12,416
3.59
Cora Urbel
7,791
2.25
Arthur Zins
4,961
1.43
Ayube Ally
4,571
1.32
Total valid votes
345,948
100.00


  • Cora Urbel (born Cora Kevany) was a well-known community activist in North York, serving as leader of the North York Concerned Citizens Committee in 1984. She called for an investigation into the approval of the city's Rampart Development Project, and criticized road reforms that she believed would cause increased traffic in residential areas.[7] She was endorsed by John Sewell in 1985 as one of North York's most prominent reformers, and was expected to be a strong candidate.[8] Her poor showing was a surprise to most observers. Urbel served as president of the Don Mills Residents' Association after the election, and promoted "open space" community development.[9] She campaigned for North York City Council's tenth ward in 1988, and lost to Don Yuill in a fairly close contest. She was fifty-nine years old during this campaign, and strongly opposed the extension of Leslie St. past Eglinton Avenue and the decision to widen Don Mills Rd. and Victoria Park Ave.[10] Urbel supported a series of austerity measures in the early 1990s. She called for education spending cuts in 1991, and spoke against a proposed 1% Metro Toronto tax hike in 1994.[11] She died on March 28, 1999. A road in Toronto was named after her the following year.[12]

  • Arthur Zins was a self-employed businessman and former public utility administrator, who argued that North York needed his public administration skills.[13] He campaigned for a position on the North York Hydro Board in 1980, and finished last in a field of nineteen candidates.

  • Ayube Ally owned a manufacturing plant, and recommended improved facilities for senior citizens.[14]



City Council



Council


Ward 1


  • x-Mario Sergio acclaimed

Ward 2



  • Mario Gentile acclaimed

Ward 3



  • x-Peter Li Preti 5,123

  • Ben Bellantone 2,391

  • Stanley White 608

  • Stan Samuel 503

  • Sally Ann Kernan 448

  • Harry Dhir 330


Ward 4



  • x-Frank Di Giorgio 2,293

  • Barb Shiner 2,070

  • Maria Rizzo 1,924

  • Rob Rosenthal 663

  • Courtney Doldron 282

  • Joel Goldfarb 118


Ward 5




  • Maria Augimeri 3.033

  • Don Yuill 2,340

  • Norm Kelly 1,529

  • Joseph Gambano 1,481

  • Carlo Pascazi 647

  • Stanley Gordon 357


Ward 6



  • x-Milton Berger 5,529

  • Erwin Rosenberg 2,033


Ward 7



  • x-Irving W. Chapley 5,409

  • Eric Cohen 3,349

  • John Butcher 541


Ward 8




  • Bev Salmon 4,918

  • Andy Borins 2,845

  • Betty Reid 956


Ward 9



  • x-Ron Summers 6,663

  • Bob Hebdon 2,708

  • Paul Iafrate 633


Ward 10



  • Marie Labatte 5,185

  • Peter Weed 2,399


Ward 11



  • x-Jim McGuffin 5,974

  • Jason Pearson 1,376

  • Peter Clarke 668

  • Philip Hohl 393


Ward 12



  • x-Barry Burton 3,788

  • Colin Williams 1,825

  • Richard Kirkup 1,238

  • Peter Nastagamou 331


Ward 13




  • Joan King 5,290

  • Allan Ginsberg 1,323

  • Brian Patterson 1,211

  • Jeff Smith 563


Ward 14




  • Paul Sutherland 3,987

  • Jack Hauseman 3,137

  • Elwood Helmkay 480



Hydro Commission


(2 elected)



  • x-Carl Anderson 30,678

  • Jack Bedder 23,414

  • Bob Dyer 21,866

  • Michael Armstrong 20,062

  • Dino D'Amico 17,590

  • Phyllis Weinberg 16,165

  • Mary Hicks 12,554

  • Alan Moses 9,660

  • Howard Fletcher 8,261



School Board Trustees



  • Ward 8 Gerri Gershon

  • Ward 9 Shelley Stillman

  • Ward 10 Rene Gordon

  • Ward 12 Kenneth Crowley



Scarborough



Mayor



  • (x)Gus Harris: 36,216


  • Norm Kelly: 24,724

  • Brian Harrison: 23,981

  • Dekort: 9,228

  • Anne McBride: 1,911

  • Bordonaro: 1,836

  • Abel Van Wyk: 382



Board of Control (4 elected)




  • Ken Morrish ; 55,636

  • (x)Joyce Trimmer ; 53,844

  • (x)Frank Faubert ; 47,724


  • Bill Belfontaine ; 39,657

  • Borisko ; 35,495

  • Brown ; 16,956

  • Cotter ; 8,617

  • Kazia ; 4,993



Public Utilities



  • Cavanagh ; 45,921

  • Beatty ; 33,268

  • Stewart ; 27,686

  • Speares ; 10,960

  • Nurse ; 9,445

  • Alix ; 6,827



City Councillors


Ward 1 -



  • Harvey Barron ; 3,100

  • Dan Danielson ; NDP ; 1,985

  • White ; 1,761


Ward 2 -




  • Gerry Altobello ; 2,304

  • Boyle ; 1,662

  • May McKenzie ; 1,375

  • Judd ; 574

  • Morton ; 476


Ward 3 -



  • John Wardrope ; 3,034

  • Dave Robertson ; 2,256

  • McDermott ; 776

  • Catre ; 769

  • Zaidi ; 635


Ward 4 -



  • Kurt Christensen ; 4,195

  • Carole Ligold ; 2,362


Ward 5




  • Marilyn Mushinski ; 4,662

  • Knight ; 1,285


Ward 6


  • Florence Cruickshank ; acclamation

Ward 7




  • Brian Ashton ; 6,230

  • Lyall ; 1,411


Ward 8



  • Shirley Eidt ; 4,804

  • Murray ; 1,912

  • Chadha ; 717


Ward 9



  • John Mackie ; 6,134

  • DeSouza ; 2,218


Ward 10




  • Maureen Prinsloo ; 4,045

  • Edmonds ; 1,997


Ward 11



  • Scott Cavalier; 3,828

  • Anderson ; 1,398


Ward 12 ;



  • Doug Mahood ; 2,232

  • Watson, Ron ; 1,350

  • Dave Pearce ; 1,171

  • Lam, A ; 898

  • Bob Watson; 793

  • Manning ; 433


Ward 13



  • Bob Sanders ; 1,858

  • Nutter ; 1,394

  • Kenton ; 773

  • Chana ; 767

  • Chicky Chappell ; 462

  • Coyle ; 340


Ward 14



  • Edith Montgomery ; 3,076

  • McLennon ; 621

  • Sharma ; 481

  • Loughlin, B ; 386

  • Russell ; 338

  • Kukade ; 158



York


In York, Alan Tonks was easily re-elected. Michael Colle who was alderman for ward 2 in the previous term tried unsuccessfully to obtain a seat on the Board of Control. New councillors Tony Mandarano in Ward 2 and Bob McLean in Ward 6 won their races. Bill Saundercook was the only winner to unseat a running incumbent in Ward 8.[15]



Mayor



(x)Alan Tonks

Guy D'Onofrio



Board of Control (2 elected)



(x)Fergy Brown

(x)Philip White

Michael Colle



Council



Ward 1

Bill Nobleman (Acclaimed)



Ward 2

Tony Mandarano

Maria de Pasquale



Ward 3


Tony Rizzo (incumbent) won by 570 votes

Ron Bradd



Ward 4

Nicolo Fortunato (incumbent) won by 220 votes

Patrick Canavan



Ward 5

Chris Tonks (incumbent)

Jim Fera



Ward 6

Bob McLean won by 712 votes

Lindsay Cott



Ward 7

Gary Bloor (incumbent) won by 287 votes

Richard Taverner



Ward 8


Bill Saundercook 2,317

Michael Waclawski (incumbent) 2,082



School Board Trustees


School Board Ward 1


  • K. Hen (Acclamation)

School Board Ward 2


  • P. Karageorgos

School Board Ward 3


  • R. Russell

School Board Ward 4


  • N D'urzo

School Board Ward 5


  • P Hainer

School Board Ward 6


  • J Gribben

School Board Ward 7


  • S. Mould

School Board Ward 8


  • M McDowell


Metro Toronto Separate School Trustees











































1985 Toronto municipal election, Metro Toronto Separate School Board, Ward Fifteenedit
Candidate
Total votes
% of total votes
Notes

Anthony Perruzza
1,999
33.80

(x)Tony Nigro
1,940
32.80

Ralph Paonessa
1,130
19.10

A. Renato Lavalle
846
14.30

Total valid votes
5,915
100.00



  • Antonio (Tony) Nigro served on the Metro Toronto Separate School Board from 1974 to 1985. He was himself a teacher with the North York Board of Education.[16] He tried to return to the Toronto Catholic School Board in the 2000 Toronto municipal election, but was unsuccessful.

  • Ralph Paonessa was a first time candidate. He ran for Ward 15 again in 1988, and finished a closer second against Rick Morelli. A 1988 newspaper article indicates that he fifty-two years old, and was co-pastor of St. Francis of Assisi Catholic Church. He wanted students to receive "a truly Catholic education".[17] Paonessa is now Friar at Saint Lawrence the Martyr Friary in Scarborough, and is active with the National Congress of Italian Canadians.[18]

  • A. Renato Lavalle was a forty-three-year-old school principal, who sought to maintain the religious orientation of the Catholic school system.[19]



Footnotes





  1. ^ abc "Toronto Aldermen gearing up for first direct Metro election". Toronto Star, July 16, 1985.


  2. ^ "Criticism hurting morale of policemen, new chairman says", Globe and Mail April 7, 1988: A17.


  3. ^ "Ward 10 alderman's aide picked to fill Rowlands' seat on council ", Globe and Mail April 19, 1988: A22.


  4. ^ Turner, Janice (November 13, 1985). "Johnson romps to East York victory in "quietest' campaign of his career". Toronto Star. p. B5..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  5. ^ ab "Decision '85: The results". Toronto Star. November 13, 1985. pp. B6, B7.


  6. ^ ab "Sinclair named Etobicoke mayor",Toronto Star (1971-2015); Toronto, Ontario [Toronto, Ontario]05 Sep 1984: A7.


  7. ^ Ross Howard, "Probe North York plans, links, group urges Davis", Globe and Mail, 7 November 1984, M1; "Price tag: $70-million plus", Globe and Mail, 27 February 1985, M4.


  8. ^ John Sewell, "A promise of sparks in North York race", Globe and Mail, 2 October 1985, A15; John Sewell, "Spirit of compromise for Board of Control", Globe and Mail, 8 November 1985, A13.


  9. ^ Lynne Ainsworth, "30-year-old Don Mills to be studied", Toronto Star, 7 October 1986, N11; Janice Turner, "Winds of change in Don Mills", Toronto Star, 11 November 1986, A6; Michael Best, "Angry residents lose bid to block home for seniors", Toronto Star, 13 October 1987, N1; Michael Best, "North York residents turn out to express desire for parkland", Toronto Star, 10 May 1988, N2; Royson James, "Traffic is choking Don Mills roadways, report concludes", Toronto Star, 5 July 1988, A7.


  10. ^ Lynne Ainsworth, "Building urban pressures put ward on the defensive", Toronto Star, 27 October 1988, A7.


  11. ^ "$72 million hacked off board budget", Toronto Star, 28 March 1991, A6; Royson James, "Labor backs, business boos tax hike", Toronto Star, 10 February 1994, A6.


  12. ^ "Cora Urbel: Obituary", Globe and Mail, 31 March 2006; Naming of Private Lane at 111 Barber Greene Road, Toronto City Council, accessed 19 October 2006.


  13. ^ Dyanne Rivers, "Traffic an issue in controllers' race", Globe and Mail, 9 November 1985, A16.


  14. ^ Dyanne Rivers, "Traffic an issue in controllers' race", Globe and Mail, 6 November 1985, A16.


  15. ^ MacLeod, Robert (November 13, 1985). "Tonks wins York in one-man show". The Globe and Mail. p. A21.


  16. ^ Julia Turner, "Get rid of portables, separate school hopefuls say", Globe and Mail, 6 November 1980, P5.


  17. ^ "The candidates", Toronto Star, 11 November 1988, A14.


  18. ^ Province of the Immaculate Concept: Order of Friars Minor Archived 2007-05-17 at Archive.today, accessed 18 October 2006; National Association of Italian Canadians Archived 2006-05-26 at the Wayback Machine, contact information, accessed 18 October 2006.


  19. ^ Sterling Taylor, "18 in North York seek separate school boards", 29 October 1985, ES10.









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