First-preference votes
Multi tool use
This article is about the allocation of a first-preference vote to a particular candidate. For systems which use preferential voting, see Preferential voting.
Example ranked voting voting ballot. John Citizen is the first preference on this ballot
In ranked-voting systems, a first-preference vote (or first preference, 1st preference, or primary vote) is the individual voter's first choice amongst (possibly) many.[1][2][3][4] Every such system is designed, in the first instance, to align the result with the candidate(s)/option(s) which have obtained the highest number of first preferences, and then, if necessary, this criterion is altered to allow for proportionality, and to carry surplus and/or ineffective votes to second and subsequent options depending on the system involved. Ballots with no clear first preference (no preference, or multiple first preferences) are generally regarded as a spoilt vote The term is also used (trivially) in first past the post systems.[5] First-preference votes are used by psephologists and the print and broadcast media to broadly describe the state of the parties at elections and the swing between elections.[4][5][6] The term is much-used in Australian politics, where preferential voting has been universal at federal, state, and local levels since the 1920s.
References
^ "Explainer: What is preferential voting?". Special Broadcasting Service..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ "How the Dáil is Elected" (PDF). Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government, (Ireland). November 2014. p. 10. Retrieved 24 May 2015.
^ ""Full transcript - David Cameron - The case against AV - London - 18 February 2011"". New Statesman. 18 February 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2015.
^ ab "By-Election: Carlow-Kilkenny". RTÉ. 23 May 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2015.
^ ab "First Preference Vote". University of Western Australia. Retrieved 24 May 2015.
^ "Cooma-Monaro Shire Council: Summary of First Preference Votes for each Candidate". Local Government Elections 2012. Electoral Commission of New South Wales. 14 September 2012. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
Electoral systems
|
Part of the politics and election series |
Single-winner voting system |
Approval voting
- Borda count
- Bucklin voting
- Contingent vote
Condorcet methods
- Coombs' method
- Copeland's method
- Dodgson's method
- Kemeny–Young method
- Minimax Condorcet
- Nanson's method
- Ranked pairs
- Schulze method
- Exhaustive ballot
- First-past-the-post voting
- Instant-runoff (ranked choice) voting
- Majority judgment
- Simple majoritarianism
- Plurality
- Positional voting system
- Score voting
- STAR voting
- Two-round system
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Proportional representation |
- Mixed-member
- Dual member proportional
- Party-list
- Single transferable vote
- Schulze STV
- CPO-STV
Highest averages method
- Webster/Sainte-Laguë
- D'Hondt
- Largest remainder method
- Alternative vote Plus
|
Semi-proportional representation |
- Parallel voting
- Single non-transferable vote
- Cumulative voting
- Limited voting
- Proportional approval voting
- Sequential proportional approval voting
- Satisfaction approval voting
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Usage |
- Table of voting systems by country
|
Voting system criteria |
- Comparison
- Condorcet criterion
- Condorcet loser criterion
- Consistency criterion
- Independence of clones
- Independence of irrelevant alternatives
- Independence of Smith-dominated alternatives
- Later-no-harm criterion
- Majority criterion
- Majority loser criterion
- Monotonicity criterion
- Mutual majority criterion
- Pareto efficiency
- Participation criterion
- Plurality criterion
- Resolvability criterion
- Reversal symmetry
- Smith criterion
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Voting system quotas |
- Droop quota
- Hagenbach-Bischoff quota
- Hare quota
- Imperiali quota
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Other |
- Ballot
- Election threshold
- First-preference votes
- Spoilt vote
- Sortition
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Portal — Project
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