Crown entity




A Crown entity (from the Commonwealth term Crown) is an organisation that forms part of New Zealand's state sector established under the Crown Entities Act 2004,[1] a unique umbrella governance and accountability statute. The Crown Entities Act is based on the corporate model where the governance of the organisation is split from the management of the organisation.


Crown entities come under the following subtypes:



  • Statutory entities — bodies corporate established under an Act

    • Crown agents — organisations that give effect to government policy, such as the Accident Compensation Corporation, which administers no-fault workers compensation

    • Autonomous Crown entities (ACE), which must have regard to government policy, such as Te Papa, the national museum

    • Independent Crown entities (ICE), which are generally independent of government policy, such as the Commerce Commission, which enforces legislation promoting competition



  • Crown entity companies — registered companies wholly owned by the Crown, including Crown Research Institutes (CRIs) and a small number of other companies

  • Crown entity subsidiaries — companies that are subsidiaries of Crown entities

  • School boards of trustees

  • Tertiary education institutions, including universities, colleges of education, polytechnics, and wānanga


Crown entities can be contrasted with other New Zealand public sector organisational forms: departments of state, State-owned enterprises, offices of Parliament and sui generis organisations like the Reserve Bank.




Contents






  • 1 Crown entities, responsible Ministers and monitoring departments


  • 2 See also


  • 3 References


  • 4 External links





Crown entities, responsible Ministers and monitoring departments


Under the Crown Entities Act, Ministers are required to "oversee and manage" the Crown's interests in the Crown entities within their portfolio (sections 27 and 88). The board of the entity has the key role in ensuring the entity is achieving results within budget. This is done by a monitoring department on behalf of the Minister unless other arrangements for monitoring are made. Monitoring departments make explicit agreements with their Minister, setting out what monitoring they will undertake and how they will do it. Crown entity boards should also facilitate clear and transparent monitoring, for example, by providing the Minister and monitoring department with good information on which to make judgements about performance.[2]


This table is based on one from the State Services Commission.[3]





















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Responsible minister(s)
Crown entities
Monitoring department(s)
Category / type
Empowering legislation
ACC

Accident Compensation Corporation

Labour
Crown agent
Injury Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Compensation Act 2001 (Part 7/Sched 5)
Arts, Culture and Heritage

Arts Council of New Zealand Toi Aotearoa

Culture and Heritage
ACE
Arts Council of New Zealand Toi Aotearoa Act 1994 (Part 1)
Arts, Culture and Heritage

Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Board
Culture and Heritage
ACE
Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Act 1992 (Part 1 and Schedule 1)
Arts, Culture and Heritage

New Zealand Film Commission
Culture and Heritage
ACE
New Zealand Film Commission Act 1978
Arts, Culture and Heritage

New Zealand Historic Places Trust (Pouhere Taonga)
Culture and Heritage
ACE
Historic Places Act 1993 (Part 3)
Arts, Culture and Heritage

New Zealand Symphony Orchestra
Culture and Heritage
ACE
New Zealand Symphony Orchestra Act 2004 (Part 2 and Schedule 1)
Broadcasting

Broadcasting Commission (New Zealand On Air)
Culture and Heritage
ACE
Broadcasting Act 1989 (Part 4 and Schedule 1)
Broadcasting

Broadcasting Standards Authority
Culture and Heritage
ICE
Broadcasting Act 1989 (Part 3 and Schedule 1)
Broadcasting and Finance (2)

Radio New Zealand Limited

CCMAU / Culture and Heritage and Treasury
CEC
Radio New Zealand Act 1995
Broadcasting and Finance (2)

Television New Zealand Limited
CCMAU / Culture and Heritage and Treasury
CEC
Television New Zealand Act 2003
Commerce
Accounting Standards Review Board

Economic Development
ICE
Financial Reporting Act 1993 (Part 3 and Schedule 1)
Commerce

Commerce Commission
Economic Development
ICE

Commerce Act 1986 (Part 1)
Commerce

Securities Commission
Economic Development
ICE
Securities Act 1978 (Part 1)
Commerce

Standards Council
Economic Development
ACE
Standards Act 1988
Commerce

Takeovers Panel
Economic Development
ICE
Takeovers Act 1993 (Part 1 and Schedule)
Commerce

Testing Laboratory Registration Council
Economic Development
ACE
Testing Laboratory Registration Act 1972
Community and Voluntary Sector

Charities Commission

Internal Affairs
ACE
Charities Act 2005 (Part 1)
CRIs and Finance (2)

Crown research institutes (9)
CCMAU and Treasury
CEC
Crown Research Institutes Act 1992
Economic Development and Finance (2)

New Zealand Venture Investment Fund Limited
CCMAU and Treasury
CEC
None (company constitution)
Education

Careers New Zealand

Education
Crown agent
Education Act 1989 (Part 22)
Education

New Zealand Qualifications Authority
Education
Crown agent
Education Act 1989 (Part 20)
Education

New Zealand Teachers Council
Education
ACE
Education Act 1989 (Part 10A)
Education
School boards of trustees (2,474)
Education
School BoTs
Education Act 1989 (Parts 7, 7A, 8, 9 and 12 and Schedules 5A and 6)
Energy

Electricity Authority
Economic Development
Crown agent
Electricity Act 1992 (Part 15)
Energy

Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority

Environment
Crown agent
Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act 2000 (and Schedule)
Environment

Environmental Risk Management Authority
Environment
ACE
Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 (Part 4 and Schedule 1)
Finance

Earthquake Commission
Treasury
Crown agent
Earthquake Commission Act 1993 (Part 1 and Schedule 1)
Finance

Government Superannuation Fund Authority
Treasury
ACE
Government Superannuation Fund Act 1956 (Part 1 and Schedule 4)
Finance

Guardians of New Zealand Superannuation
Treasury
ACE
New Zealand Superannuation and Retirement Income Act 2001 (Part 2 and Schedule 3)
Finance[4]

New Zealand Productivity Commission
Treasury
ICE
New Zealand Productivity Commission Act, 2010
Foreign Affairs

New Zealand Antarctic Institute

Foreign Affairs and Trade
Crown agent
New Zealand Antarctic Institute Act 1996 (Part 1 and Schedule 1)
Health

Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand

Health
ACE
Alcohol Advisory Council Act 1976
Health

Crown Health Financing Agency
Health
Crown agent
New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act 2000 (Part 4 and Schedule 6)
Health

District health boards (21)
Health
Crown agent
New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act 2000 (Part 3 and Scheds 2 and 3)
Health

Health and Disability Commissioner
Health
ICE
Health and Disability Commissioner Act 1994 (Part 1 and Schedule 2)
Health

Health Research Council of New Zealand
Health
Crown agent
Health Research Council Act 1990 (Part 1 and Schedule 1)
Health

Health Sponsorship Council
Health
Crown agent
Smoke-free Environments Act 1990 (Part 3)
Health

Mental Health Commission
Health
ACE
Mental Health Commission Act 1998 (Schedule 1)
Health

New Zealand Blood Service
Health
Crown agent
New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act 2000 (Part 4 and Schedule 6)
Health

Pharmaceutical Management Agency
Health
Crown agent
New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act 2000 (Part 4 and Schedule 6)
Housing and Finance (2)

Housing New Zealand

Building and Housing / Treasury
Crown agent
Housing Corporation Act 1974 (Part 1 and Schedule 1A)
Industry and Regional Development, and Trade (2)

New Zealand Trade and Enterprise
Economic Development, and Foreign Affairs and Trade
Crown agent
New Zealand Trade and Enterprise Act 2003 (Part 2)
Internal Affairs

Fire and Emergency New Zealand Board
Internal Affairs
Crown agent
Fire and Emergency New Zealand Act 2017 (Part 1)
Internal Affairs

New Zealand Lotteries Commission
CCMAU
ACE
Gambling Act 2003 (Part 3, Subpart 2, and Schedule 4)
Internal Affairs

Office of Film and Literature Classification
Internal Affairs
ICE
Films, Videos, and Publications Classification Act 1993 (Part 6 and Schedule 1)
Justice

Electoral Commission

Justice
ICE
Electoral Act 1993 (Part 1 and Schedule 1)
Justice

Human Rights Commission
Justice
ICE
Human Rights Act 1993 (Part 1 and Schedule 1)
Justice

Legal Services Agency
Justice
Crown agent
Legal Services Act 2000 (Part 6 and Schedule 2)
Justice

Police Complaints Authority
Justice
ICE
Police Complaints Authority Act 1988
Justice

Privacy Commissioner
Justice
ICE
Privacy Act 1993 (Part 3 and Schedule 1)
Law Commission

Law Commission
Justice
ICE
Law Commission Act 1985 (and Schedule 1)
Maori Affairs

Te Reo Whakapuaki Irirangi (Te Mangai Paho)

TPK (Maori Development)
ACE
Broadcasting Act 1989 (Part 4A and Schedule 1)
Maori Affairs

Te Taura Whiri I te Reo Maori (Maori Language Commission)
TPK (Maori Development))
ACE
Maori Language Act 1987 (and Schedule 2)
Public Trust and Finance (2)

Public Trust
CCMAU / Justice and Treasury
ACE
Public Trust Act 2001 (Part 2)
Research, Science and Technology

Foundation for Research, Science and Technology

MoRST
Crown agent
Foundation for Research, Science and Technology Act 1990 (and Schedule 1)
Social Development and Employment

Children's Commissioner

Social Development
ICE
Children's Commissioner Act 2003 (and Schedule 1)
Social Development and Employment

Social Policy Evaluation and Research Unit (Superu)
Social Development
ACE
Families Commission Act 2003 (Part 1), Families Commission Amendment Act 2014
Social Development and Employment

New Zealand Artificial Limb Board
Social Development
ACE
Social Welfare (Transitional Provisions) Act 1990 (Part 3 and Schedule 3)
Social Development and Employment

Retirement Commissioner
Social Development
ACE
New Zealand Superannuation and Retirement Income Act 2001 (Part 4 and Schedule 6)
Social Development and Employment

Social Workers Registration Board
Social Development
Crown agent
Social Workers Registration Act 2003 (Part 6 and Schedule 1)
Sport and Recreation

Drug Free Sport New Zealand
Culture and Heritage
ICE
Sports Anti-Doping Act 2006 (Part 2)
Sport and Recreation

Sport and Recreation New Zealand
Culture and Heritage
Crown agent
Sport and Recreation New Zealand Act 2002 (Part 2)
Tertiary Education

Tertiary Education Commission
Education
Crown agent
Education Act 1989 (Part 13A)
Tertiary Education
Tertiary education institutions (33)
Education
TEIs
Education Act 1989 (Parts 14 and 15 and Schedule 13A)
Tourism

New Zealand Tourism Board
Economic Development
Crown agent
New Zealand Tourism Board Act 1991 (Part 1 and Schedule 1)
Transport

Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand

Transport
Crown agent
Civil Aviation Act 1990 (Part 6A and Schedule 3)
Transport

NZ Transport Agency
Transport
Crown agent
Land Transport Management Act 2003 (Part 3 and Schedule 4)
Transport

Maritime New Zealand
Transport
Crown agent
Maritime Transport Act 1994 (Part 29 and Schedule 1)
Transport

Transit New Zealand
Transport
Crown agent
Land Transport Management Act 2003 (Part 3 and Schedule 4)
Transport

Transport Accident Investigation Commission
Transport
ICE
Transport Accident Investigation Commission Act 1990 (Part 2 and Schedule)

Abbreviations used
ACE = autonomous Crown entity
CCMAU = Crown Company Monitoring Advisory Unit
CEC = Crown entity company
CRIs = Crown research institutes (all CECs)
ICE = independent Crown entity
TPK = Te Puni Kokiri (Ministry of Maori Development)
MoRST = Ministry of Research, Science and Technology
TEIs = tertiary education institutions
School BoTs = school boards of trustees



See also



  • Regulatory agency


  • State sector organisations in New Zealand (listing of Crown entities)

  • State Services Commission

  • Statutory agency



References





  1. ^ "Crown Entities Act 2004". New Zealand Legislation. Parliamentary Counsel Office..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ Statutory Crown Entities: A guide for Ministers, State Services Commission, June 2014, ISBN 978-0-478-43404-0


  3. ^ A list of Ministers responsible for Crown entities, State Services Commission


  4. ^ New Zealand Productivity Commission Initial Inquiry Terms of References, Office of the Minister of Finance




External links




  • "Crown entities". The Treasury.


  • "A list of Ministers responsible for Crown entities". State Services Commission.


  • Wilson, John (8 September 2015). "Nation and government - The state sector and Crown entities". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand.









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