Attorney General of Ireland
Attorney General of Ireland | |
---|---|
Coat of Arms of Ireland | |
Incumbent Séamus Woulfe since 14 June 2017 | |
Office of the Attorney General | |
Nominator | Taoiseach |
Appointer | President |
Inaugural holder | Hugh Kennedy |
Formation | 31 January 1922 |
Website | www.attorneygeneral.ie |
The Attorney General of Ireland (Irish: An tArd-Aighne) is a constitutional officer who is the legal adviser to the Government and is therefore the chief law officer of the State. The Attorney General is not a member of the Government but does participate in cabinet meetings when invited and attends government meetings. The current Attorney General is Séamus Woulfe, SC.
Contents
1 Mission
2 Overview
3 History
4 List of Attorneys General
4.1 Attorneys General of the Irish Free State
4.2 Attorneys General of Ireland
5 See also
6 Notes
7 External links
Mission
''The Mission of the Office of the Attorney General is to provide the highest standard of professional legal services to Government, Departments and Offices.''
Overview
The office and functions of the Attorney General are outlined in Article 30 of the Constitution of Ireland.
The Attorney General has always been a barrister rather than a solicitor, although this is not a requirement for the post. In cases where a barrister nominated by the Taoiseach to be the Attorney General was not a Senior Counsel at the time, the government of the day has made them one first, as occurred in the cases of John Rogers BL and John M. Kelly BL.
The Attorney General advises the Government on the constitutionality of bills and treaties, and presents the Government's case if the President refers any bill to the Supreme Court under Article 26 of the Constitution before signing it.
The Attorney General has few prosecution duties; these are limited to functions under the various Fisheries Acts and Extradition Acts. Instead, the Director of Public Prosecutions has responsibility for all other criminal prosecutions in the State.
The Office of the Attorney General, is made up of a number of different offices:
- The Attorney General's Office (located at Merrion Street, Dublin 2) containing the Advisory Counsel to the Attorney General (providing legal advice)
- The Office of the Parliamentary Counsel (also located at Merrion Street, Dublin 2) containing the Parliamentary Counsel who draft legislation and have responsibilities in the area of Statute Law revision
The Chief State Solicitor's Office (located at Little Ship Street, Dublin 8) containing the solicitors representing the Attorney and the State who provide litigation, conveyancing and other transactional services- The Statute Law Revision Unit which simplifies and improves the body of statute law
Part of the Attorney General's function has been to identify and prepare the repeal of all legislation passed before independence. This includes laws of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Britain, England, and the Irish Parliament. For example, the killing of cattle in Dublin is still regulated, in part by an Irish act of 1743, while the "Treatment of Foreign Merchants" is governed by 25 Edw. 1 Magna Carta c. 30, an act of the Parliament of England dated 1297.
History
The office, which was created in the 1937 Constitution of Ireland, is a lineal successor of the offices of Attorney-General for Ireland, Attorney-General for Southern Ireland and the Attorney-General of the Irish Free State (Irish: Príomh-Atúrnae Shaorstáit Éireann). Unlike the modern office, those earlier offices were a creation of statute law, not a written constitution. Unlike the modern office, the earlier offices also had a hyphen between the words attorney and general.
Two less well known but significant roles played by all Irish Attorneys General to date are as the "leader of the Irish Bar" and as a Bencher of the King's Inns. The acceptance by Attorneys General of these non-statutory and often secretive roles upon taking office throughout the years has been questioned and criticised as inappropriate for a Constitutional office-holder. In 1990, the Irish Government's Fair Trade Commission stated that "[w]e have recommended that the Bar Council should be the primary disciplinary body for barristers, and it does not include any members of the judiciary. The Attorney General is, however, a member of the Bar Council, and the Commission believes that it is preferable that he should not be involved when the Bar Council is exercising its disciplinary function. The Attorney General is also a member of the Council of King's Inns, and the Commission believes it to preferable that he should not participate in any disciplinary activity pursued by that body either. Indeed, in general, we find the membership of these bodies by the Attorney General to be somewhat anomalous."[1]
List of Attorneys General
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No. | Name | Term of Office | Subsequent judicial or political career | |
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1. | Hugh Kennedy | 31 January 1922[2] | 5 June 1924 | Chief Justice 1924–1936 |
2. | John O'Byrne | 7 June 1924 | 9 January 1926 | High Court judge 1926–1940 Supreme Court judge 1940–1954 |
3. | John A. Costello | 9 January 1926 | 9 March 1932 | Taoiseach 1948–1951, 1954–1957 |
4. | Conor Maguire | 10 March 1932 | 2 November 1936 | President of the High Court 1936–1946 Chief Justice 1946–1961 |
5. | James Geoghegan | 2 November 1936 | 22 December 1936 | Supreme Court judge 1936–1949 |
6. | Patrick Lynch | 22 December 1936 | 31 December 1937 | Continued as AG of the Republic of Ireland |
| ||||
No. | Name | Term of Office | Subsequent judicial or political career | |
Patrick Lynch | 1 January 1938 | 1 March 1940 | Was last AG of the Irish Free State | |
7. | Kevin Haugh | 2 March 1940 | 10 October 1942 | High Court judge 1942–1961 Supreme Court judge 1961–1969 |
8. | Kevin Dixon | 10 October 1942 | 30 April 1946 | High Court judge 1946–1959 |
9. | Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh | 30 April 1946 | 18 February 1948 | |
10. | Cecil Lavery | 19 February 1948 | 21 April 1950 | Supreme Court judge 1950–1966 |
11. | Charles Casey | 21 April 1950 | 12 June 1951 | High Court judge 1951–1952 |
Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh | 14 June 1951 | 11 July 1953 | Supreme Court judge 1953–1973 Chief Justice 1961–1973 European Court of Justice judge 1973–1974 President of Ireland 1974–1976 | |
12. | Thomas Teevan | 11 July 1953 | 30 January 1954 | High Court judge 1954–1971 |
13. | Aindrias Ó Caoimh | 30 January 1954 | 2 June 1954 | |
14. | Patrick McGilligan | 2 June 1954 | 20 March 1957 | |
Aindrias Ó Caoimh | 20 March 1957 | 15 March 1965 | President of the High Court 1966–1974 European Court of Justice judge 1975–1985 | |
15. | Colm Condon | 16 March 1965 | 14 March 1973 | |
16. | Declan Costello | 15 March 1973 | 19 May 1977 | Judge of the High Court 1977–1998 President of the High Court 1995–1998 |
17. | John Kelly | 20 May 1977 | 5 July 1977 | Minister for Trade, Commerce and Tourism 1981–1982 |
18. | Anthony J. Hederman | 6 July 1977 | 29 June 1981 | Supreme Court judge 1981–1993 |
19. | Peter Sutherland | 30 June 1981 | 9 March 1982 | |
20. | Patrick Connolly | 10 March 1982 | 16 August 1982 | |
21. | John L. Murray | 17 August 1982 | 14 December 1982 | |
Peter Sutherland | 15 December 1982 | 12 December 1984 | European Commissioner for Competition 1985–1989 | |
22. | John Rogers | 13 December 1984 | 10 March 1987 | |
John L. Murray | 11 March 1987 | 25 September 1991 | European Court of Justice judge 1992–1999 Supreme Court judge 1999–2015 Chief Justice 2004–2011 | |
23. | Harry Whelehan | 26 September 1991 | 11 November 1994 | President of the High Court 15–17 November 1994 |
24. | Eoghan Fitzsimons | 11 November 1994 | 15 December 1994 | |
25. | Dermot Gleeson | 15 December 1994 | 26 June 1997 | |
26. | David Byrne | 26 June 1997 | 17 July 1999 | European Commissioner for Consumer Protection 1999–2004 |
27. | Michael McDowell | 17 July 1999 | 6 June 2002 | Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform 2002–2007 Tánaiste 2006–2007 Senator 2016– |
28. | Rory Brady | 7 June 2002 | 14 June 2007 | |
29. | Paul Gallagher | 14 June 2007 | 9 March 2011 | |
30. | Máire Whelan | 9 March 2011 | 14 June 2017 | Court of Appeal judge 2017– |
31. | Séamus Woulfe | 14 June 2017 | Incumbent |
See also
- Politics of the Republic of Ireland
Notes
^ Fair Trade Commission Report of Study into Restrictive Practices in the Legal Profession (Dublin: Government of Ireland Stationery Office, 1990) Paragraph 16.51
^ Initially Kennedy did not hold the title of Attorney General although he was legal adviser to the Provisional Government of the Irish Free State – Kennedy was only formally appointed Attorney General on 7 December 1922, the day after the establishment of the Irish Free State. Article at University College Dublin archives department
External links
- Office of the Attorney General
- Irish Statute Book, produced by the Office of the Attorney General