DB Cargo UK
























































DB Cargo UK
Industry Rail freight
Predecessor


  • Loadhaul

  • Mainline Freight

  • Rail Express Systems

  • Railfreight Distribution

  • Transrail Freight


Founded 1995
Headquarters
Doncaster
,
England

Area served
United Kingdom
Key people



  • Edward Burkhardt (Chairman & CEO 1995–1999)[1]

  • Keith Heller (CEO / Co-chairman) 2004–2010[2][3]

  • Alain Thauvette CEO[4]


Services Bulk freight and intermodal logistics
Owner Deutsche Bahn
Parent DB Schenker
Subsidiaries


  • Euro Cargo Rail

  • Axiom Rail


Website www.uk.dbcargo.com

DB Cargo UK, formerly DB Schenker Rail UK and English, Welsh & Scottish Railway (EWS), is a British rail freight company headquartered in Doncaster, England.


The company was founded in 1995 as North & South Railways, acquiring five of the six freight companies sold during the privatisation of British Rail,[note 1] becoming the UK market leader in rail freight transportation. In November 2007, EWS was sold to Deutsche Bahn, and in January 2009 rebranded as DB Schenker. In March 2016 it was rebranded as DB Cargo UK.




Contents






  • 1 History


    • 1.1 Background


    • 1.2 English, Welsh & Scottish Railway


    • 1.3 DB Cargo UK




  • 2 Services and rolling stock


    • 2.1 Rolling stock


    • 2.2 Current Fleet in the UK


    • 2.3 Exported Locomotive Fleet details


    • 2.4 Carriages and Wagons


    • 2.5 Depots


    • 2.6 Locomotive haulage for Passenger services


      • 2.6.1 Liveries






  • 3 Steam Operations


  • 4 See also


  • 5 Notes


  • 6 References


    • 6.1 Sources


    • 6.2 Further reading




  • 7 External links





History



Background


In 1988, British Rail's (BR) freight operations were split into two divisions Railfreight Distribution (RfD) and Trainload Freight (TLF).[5] RfD took over BR's Freightliner and Speedlink services and general wagonload and trainload services, excluding coal, petroleum, aggregates and metals.[6] BR's bulk trainload services were handled by the Trainload Freight division.[7][8] In 1991 the Rail Express Systems brand was created, to handle mail and postal services.[9]


After the passing of the Railways Act 1993, five rail freight companies were formed from RfD and TLF.[5][10] On 1 April 1994, TLF was split into three separate geographical businesses: Trainload Freight North East, Trainload Freight West and Trainload Freight South East, with each initially given existing contracts, based on the geographic origin of the traffic flow or in the case of power station coal the split was determined by the location of the power stations concerned. There were also some trainload services previously operated by the contract services business of RfD.[11][12] The three new businesses were to be re-branded as Loadhaul, Mainline Freight and Transrail Freight for the short duration of their existence.[12][13][14]


The remainder of RfD was split into two companies: Freightliner (container operations between ports), with the residual RfD company operating freight trains through the Channel Tunnel.[5] The Mail and Parcels business were sold as Rail Express Systems and Red Star Parcels.[10]


The companies were subsequently put up for sale by competitive tender.[15]



English, Welsh & Scottish Railway




EWS liveried Class 66 and coal wagons near Tupton, Derbyshire in May 2011




EWS liveried Class 92 at Crewe Works in June 2003


To bid for the ex-BR businesses being offered for sale, North and South Railways Limited was formed.[16] It was owned by a consortium headed by Wisconsin Central,[5][17] with financing provided by Berkshire Partners, Goldman Sachs and Fay Richwhite.[18]


On 9 December 1995, North and South Railways purchased Rail Express Systems for £24 million.[19][20] With this came the contract for the Royal Mail train service, including the Travelling Post Office trains, and the contract to haul the Royal Train.[21] A fleet of 164 locomotives and 677 postal vans were included along with depots at Bristol Barton Hill, Cambridge, Crewe and London Euston.[22]


Then on 24 February 1996, British Rail's three trainload freight companies, Loadhaul, Mainline Freight and Transrail Freight were acquired for £225 million.[19][20] The sale included 914 locomotives and 19,310 wagons.[23]


All four companies were subsequently merged into North and South Railways,[24] nullifying the government's effort to create multiple competitive rail freight firms through the privatisation;[25] the decision to allow the creation of a rail freight company with a dominant market position was justified by the additional competition faced from other transport modes.[17][26] At the time rail had a 6% share of the freight market.[27]


Initially, the four companies continued to trade under their existing names. On 25 April 1996, the EWS brand was unveiled.[28][29]


On 10 July 1996 the holding company's name was changed to English, Welsh & Scottish Railway Holdings Limited.[16] In October 1996, Loadhaul and Mainline Freight were merged with Transrail Freight, and employees transferred to Transrail Freight, which was then renamed to English, Welsh & Scottish Railway Limited.[30][31]


One of the first actions of the enlarged company was to seek volunteers for redundancy, as it sought to reduce staff numbers by around 3,000, from 7,600.[32]


On 24 December 1996, EWS was announced as the preferred bidder for the loss-making Railfreight Distribution,[33][34] for which it received grants and subsidies estimated to amount to £242 million over eight years .[35] including subsidies for the use of the Channel Tunnel.[36] Railfreight Distribution's businesses included international containerised freight, movement of cars and automotive components by rail, and freight services for the Ministry of Defence. The sale included 157 locomotives.[34] It was concluded on 12 March 1997.[37] At this point, EWS controlled 90% of the rail freight market.[38] Railfreight Distribution was renamed English Welsh & Scottish Railway International on 1 December 1998.[24][33]


The new company had over 900 locomotives, 19,000 freight wagons, and 7,000 employees. Track access charges were renegotiated and after 1,800 job redundancies the workers involved in profit sharing and other incentivised working plans; as a result shipping rates were reduced by over 30%.[39] Many locomotives inherited on foundation were considered unreliable, and expensive to maintain;[40] the company invested heavily in modernisation of its rolling stock; by 2002 £750 million had been invested,[41] including 280 new locomotives and over 2,000 new wagons.[42][note 2]




Big Beasties logo used on a locomotive.


The railway featured a logo that was colloquially known as the "Beasties", consisting of three heads: the lion of England, the dragon of Wales and the stag of Scotland. A larger version of the logo was called the "Big Beasties".[43]


Services included mail, locomotive hire, wagonload traffic (branded 'Enterprise', founded by Transrail Freight), cross channel trains via the Channel Tunnel, trainload freight including oil, aggregates, cement and traffic related to the coal, electricity generation and steel industries, and infrastructure trains for Railtrack.[44] Following privatisation EWS began to compete for Intermodal contracts,[note 3] while it faced competition from Freightliner in its core markets.[45][46] Turnover in 1999 was £533.7 million, an 80% market share by value.[47]


On 1 April 1998, open access operator National Power's rail division was taken over with six Class 59 locomotives and 106 wagons.[48][42]


In January 2001, the Canadian National Railway announced it had agreed to purchase Wisconsin Central.[49] The deal, which included Wisconsin Central's 42.5% stake in EWS, was concluded in October 2001.[30][50]


The contract with Royal Mail was lost in 2003 to road transport.[51][52] EWS acquired the assets of wagon bogie company, Probotec Limited in 2005,[53][54][note 4] It was formed into a new subsidiary, Axiom Rail that also took over responsibility for some of the depots and leasing surplus locomotives overseas.[58]


In October 2005, a subsidiary in France trading as Euro Cargo Rail commenced operating.[59][60][61] Several Class 66 locomotives were transferred.


In November 2005, EWS acquired wagon maintenance business Marcroft.[38] As a result of the potential of the acquisition to reduce competition in the UK wagon repair market the acquisition was referred to the Competition Commission by the Office of Fair Trading, who required EWS to sell all or part of the business excluding Marcroft's works at Stoke on Trent.[62] That was incorporated into the Axiom business.


By 2006, turnover was approaching £1 billion.[63] In 2006 the Office of Rail Regulation fined the company £4.1million for anti-competitive practices in the coal haulage business, in which it had held a near monopoly, following complaints by Enron and Freightliner Heavy Haul in 2001 and 2002.[64][65][note 5]



DB Cargo UK




DB Schenker liveried 59206 at the National Railway Museum, York in January 2009


On 28 June 2007, Deutsche Bahn announced it had agreed to purchase EWS, subject to receiving regulatory approval.[67][68] for £309 million[69] At the time EWS had a market share of around 70% in the United Kingdom and around 5,000 employees.[70] After the transaction was approved by the European Commissioner for Competition,[71][72] the sale was completed on 13 November 2007.[73]


At the time of the sale, it was announced that EWS would not be rebranded,[74] but on 1 January 2009, EWS was rebranded as DB Schenker along with Deutsche Bahn's Railion and DB Schenker divisions.[75][76]


The first locomotive painted in DB Schenker livery was Class 59 59206 at Toton Depot in January 2009,[77] being formally unveiled at the National Railway Museum, York on 21 January 2009.[78][79][note 6]




Class 90 90018 The Pride of Bellshill in DB Schenker colours on a freight working in October 2016


In 2009, DB Schenker Rail began work to enable Class 92 hauled trains to operate freight services on the High Speed 1 by installing in cab TVM signalling. The project received funding from the European Commission and it was originally anticipated services would begin in early 2010.[81] On 25 March 2011, for the first time a modified class 92 locomotive travelled from Dollands Moor to Singlewell using the TVM430 signalling system.[82] The first of five planned test trains ran as a loaded container train from Hams Hall, West Midlands to Novara, Italy on 27 May 2011.[83][84][85] DB planned to upgrade an additional five Class 92 locomotives to allow them to run on High Speed 1, making a fleet of six.[86][87][88]


In July 2011, a trial run of wagons carrying curtain walled swap bodies built to a larger European loading gauge was run from Dollands Moor, Folkestone to east London.[89] From 11 November 2011 a weekly service using European sized swap bodies has run between Barking, London and Wroclaw, Poland using High Speed 1.[90][91]


On 2 March 2016, DB Schenker was rebranded as DB Cargo UK.[92] On 17 October 2016, new DB Cargo UK CEO Hans-Georg Werner announced plans to cut 893 jobs in a bid to counter 'unprecedented' market changes. This was due to a combination of:[93]



  • Changes in Government energy policy had resulted in the early closure of coal-fired power stations, hence DB Cargo UK ran 78% fewer coal trains compared to 2015.

  • UK steel volumes dropping, with the industry hit by high energy prices. This resulted in DB Cargo UK running 33% fewer steel trains from 2015. However, Werner recognised that "overall UK steel demand remains stable."


In 2017, DB Cargo UK announced a loss after tax for the financial year of £57 million against a turnover of £325 million.[94]



Services and rolling stock



Rolling stock





37411 at Carlisle station on an Arriva Trains Northern service in August 2004


EWS inherited a fleet of 1,231 locomotives from its British Rail acquisitions.[22][23][34]


In May 1996, an order for 250 Class 66s and 30 Class 67s was placed.[95] These replaced all of the 20, 31, 33, 37, 47, 56, 58, 73 and 86 class locomotives.[96] Through improved utilisation, they also replaced many of the newer 60 and 90 class locomotives.


Several of these redundant locomotives saw further use on infrastructure trains in Europe with Class 37s operated in France (40), Italy (2) and Spain (14),[97][98][99] Class 56s in France (30),[100] and Class 58s in France (26), the Netherlands (3) and Spain (8).[100][101]


EWS gained the attention of the Rail Regulator for scrapping serviceable locomotives rather than making them available for sale to potential competitors.[102]


In 2018 DB Cargo sold 10 Class 66 locomotives to GBRf for an undisclosed sum, comprising 8 stored and 2 active locomotives many with significant engine defects.[103]



Current Fleet in the UK




















































































Class
Image
Type
Built
Number
Wheel Arr
Numbers/Notes

Class 08

British Rail Class 08 Shunter - 08911 - National Railway Museum - York - 2005-10-15.jpg

Shunter
1953
5
0-6-0
08499, 08714, 08735, 08737, 08995 (All for Sale or withdrawn)

Class 59

59s-at-Acton.jpg


Diesel locomotive
1994 - 1995
6
Co-Co
59201 - 206 Acquired from National Power in 1998

Class 60

Hugh llewelyn 60079 (6969069352).jpg

Diesel locomotive
1989 - 1993
70
Co-Co
Fleet of 100 inherited from EWS with 10 sold to Colas in 2014 and 20 to Wabtec in 2017. 15 operational examples in 2018 with 55 in store at Toton depot.

Class 66

DB Cargo locomotive number 66034 at Didcot Parkway.jpg


Diesel locomotive
2000 - 2015
161
Co-Co
Fleet of 250 inherited from EWS with 10 sold to GB Railfreight in 2018. DB Cargo UK operates 161 examples, with the remainder exported to DB Cargo operations elsewhere in Europe.

Class 67

Stafford - DBS 67027 (67015).JPG


Diesel locomotive
1999 - 2000
28
Bo-Bo
67001 - 022, 67024 - 26, 67028 - 30. Fleet of 30 inherited from EWS with 2 sold to Colas. 17 Operational with 11 Stored in 2018.

Class 90

Class 90 90018 DB Schenker JP Euxton 14 Oct 16.jpg

Electric locomotive
1987 - 1990
24
Bo-Bo
90017 - 90040

Class 92

Class-92-db-red-92009-dollands-moor-1.jpg

Electric locomotive
1993 - 1996
17
Co-Co
30 total with 17 in UK and 13 exported




Total

311




Exported Locomotive Fleet details
















































Class
Image
Type
Built
Number
Wheel Arr
Numbers/Notes

Class 58

Class 58 LGV Rhin-Rhône.jpg

Diesel locomotive
1983 - 1987
27
Co-Co
EWS inherted the BR fleet of 50 locomotives, the majority subsequently being exported to work on high speed line construction in France and Spain, with 10 being sold on to Transfesa (now stored in Alicante, Spain). The 27 still in DB Cargo ownership are also in store at Metz and Rouen, France and Barcelona, Spain.

Class 66

DB Cargo locomotive number 66034 at Didcot Parkway.jpg


Diesel locomotive
2000 - 2015
79
Co-Co
79 exported to DB Cargo operations in Europe.

Class 92

Class-92-db-red-92009-dollands-moor-1.jpg

Electric locomotive
1993 - 1996
13
Co-Co
9 exported to DB Cargo Romania and 4 to DB Cargo Bulgaria




Total

119




Carriages and Wagons


As well as an extensive fleet of freight wagons, DB Schenker Rail operate a small fleet of Mark 2 and Mark 3 carriages. Some of the former are on lease to First ScotRail for use on Fife Circle services,[104] while the latter form the DB Schenker Company Train.[105][106][107]



Depots


DB Cargo's primary maintenance depot is Toton.[108] The electric fleet is maintained at Crewe. With a modern fleet requiring less maintenance, many of the depots EWS inherited have closed.[109] Some of its other facilities including Bristol Barton Hill, Cambridge, Eastleigh and Newcastle were transferred to fellow Deutsche Bahn subsidiary LNWR (now Arriva TrainCare).[110][111]


In 2001, EWS commenced a contract to service Virgin CrossCountry's Class 220/221 fleets at Bristol Barton Hill, Eastleigh, Newcastle, Old Oak Common and Three Bridges.[112]



Locomotive haulage for Passenger services





Class 67 on a First Great Western service at Bristol Temple Meads station in April 2009





First ScotRail liveried Class 90 at Edinburgh Waverley station in June 2009


Since its inception, EWS had provided locomotives for the Caledonian Sleeper.[113] It inherited the contract from Rail Express Systems to provide Class 37 and 47s north of Edinburgh Waverley. In March 1998, it also began hauling the services south from Edinburgh Waverley and Glasgow Central to London Euston with Class 90s.[114]Class 67s replaced the Class 37s and 47s in the early 2000s.[115][116] This contract was taken over by GBRf in March 2015.[117]


In April 2003, EWS purchased the Rail Charter Services business from William McAlpine with 70 Mark 1 carriages.[118]


As of October 2014, Class 67s haul passenger services for Arriva Trains Wales,[119]Chiltern Railways[120] and First ScotRail.[116] Class 67s are also used as Thunderbird rescue locomotives for Virgin Trains East Coast.[121] EWS also provides locomotives for the Venice-Simplon Orient Express.[122]


EWS have previously hauled passenger trains for Anglia Railways,[123]Arriva Trains Northern,[124]First Great Western[125]First North Western,[126]National Express East Anglia, Valley Lines, Virgin CrossCountry[127]Virgin West Coast and Wrexham & Shropshire.[128]


Since its inception, EWS has held the contract to operate the Royal Train. Initially two Class 47s were dedicated to this work.[129] These were replaced in 2004 by two Class 67s.[130][131]


From September 2016 Virgin Trains East Coast hired class 90 locomotives from DB Cargo for use on services to Leeds, York and Newcastle. Locomotives used have varied as demand required.



Liveries


In April 1996, EWS adopted a maroon and yellow livery.[28] Initial repaints carried EW&S lettering, however this was simplified to EWS in January 1997.[132][133] In January 2009, the DB Schenker corporate red livery was adopted.[78][79] A few locomotives have been repainted in other liveries including Class 90s in GNER, First ScotRail and Direct Rail Services liveries, and Class 67s in Royal Train, Wrexham & Shropshire and unbranded Arriva Trains Wales liveries.[134][135][136][137]



Steam Operations


Alongside DB Cargo's regular work some steam charters are operated in the UK by steam locomotives on DB Cargo's operating licence. DB unlike the other company West Coast Railways however only operate steam locos which are fitted with air brakes.[citation needed]


Updated: 16 July 2018, 9:00pm










Key:
Operational
Under Repair
Expired Mainline Certificate/Withdrawn from Service/Stored
Under overhaul/restoration/construction
Due to be certified in future
Operational, Heritage Railway/Museum
















































































































































































































































Number
Name
Class
Livery
Owner
Tops No
Mainline until
Max Speed
Air Brk's
Location
Photograph
Notes
2001

Cock O' The North

LNER P2 2-8-2
N/A
Doncaster P2 Locomotive Trust [138]
988##
-
75 mph
Yes

Doncaster

Streamlined shape newbuild, replica of original

2007

Prince of Wales

LNER P2 2-8-2
N/A

A1 Steam Locomotive Trust [139]
988##
-
75 mph
Yes

Darlington

Original shape newbuild, next member of class

5029

Nunney Castle

GWR "Castle" 4-6-0
N/A

Jeremy Hosking
98728
-
75 mph
Yes

Crewe LNWR

Paignton - 5029 Nunney Castle.jpg


6024

King Edward I

GWR "King" 4-6-0
N/A

Royal Scot Locomotive and General Trust
98824
-
75 mph
Yes

Minehead

King Edward I 6024 Didcot (1).jpg

34046

Braunton

SR "West Country" 4-6-2
BR Green, Late Crest

Jeremy Hosking
98746
2023
75 mph
Yes

Bristol

A 34046 Braunton travelling through Farncombe, Surrey (2016).jpg
Currently outshopped as 34052 Lord Dowding.
35028

Clan Line

SR "Merchant Navy" 4-6-2
BR Green, Late Crest
Merchant Navy Locomotive Preservation Society
98828
2024
75 mph
Yes

Stewarts Lane

35028 Clan Line, west of Bath, 2013.JPG


46100

Royal Scot

LMS "Royal Scot" 4-6-0
BR Green, Early Emblem

Royal Scot Locomotive and General Trust
98701
2022
75 mph
Yes

Haworth

46100 Royal Scot at Crewe.JPG


6233

Duchess of Sutherland

LMS "Princess Coronation" 4-6-2
LMS Crimson Lake (following maintenance)
Princess Royal Class Loco. Trust
98834
-
75 mph
Yes

Butterley

LMS 46233 Duchess of Sutherland at Didcot Railway centre (geograph 1692948).jpg
Undergoing boiler repairs and repaint from BR guise, will also receive new boiler and mainline tickets.

60007

Sir Nigel Gresley

LNER A4 4-6-2
BR Blue
Sir Nigel Gresley Locomotive Trust
98898
-
75 mph
Yes

York NRM

2011-04-24 SirNigelGresley.jpg


60009

Union of South Africa

LNER A4 4-6-2
BR Green, Late Crest

John Cameron
98809
2019
75 mph
Yes

Southall

60009 Union of South Africa at Condover 01.jpg
Firebox problems, awaiting decision on future

4464

Bittern

LNER A4 4-6-2
LNER Garter Blue

Jeremy Hosking
98819
-
75 mph
Yes

Margate

4464 Bittern at Kidderminster (3).jpg
Recently moved to the Hornby Hobbies Visitor Centre for temporary display.

60103

Flying Scotsman

LNER A3 4-6-2
BR Green, Late Crest

National Collection
98872
2023
75 mph
Yes

Southall

LNER 60103 Flying Scotsman at the NRM.JPG


60163

Tornado

LNER A1 4-6-2
BR Apple Green

A1 Steam Locomotive Trust[140]
98863
2022
90 mph[141]
Yes

Wansford

60163 Passing through Chester station.jpg
Undergoing repairs following motion failure on ECML.[142]

60532

Blue Peter

LNER A2 4-6-2
N/A

Royal Scot Locomotive and General Trust
98832
-
75 mph
No

Crewe LNWR

Roundhouse, Barrow Hill - geograph.org.uk - 1593135.jpg


70000

Britannia

BR Standard Class 7 4-6-2
BR Green, Late Crest

Royal Scot Locomotive and General Trust
98700
2020
75 mph
Yes

Crewe LNWR

Britannia at Severn Tunnel Junction, September 2012.jpg


71000

Duke of Gloucester

BR Standard Class 8 4-6-2
BR Green, Early Emblem (on completion)
Class 8 Steam Locomotive Trust
98802
-
75 mph
Yes

Tyseley LW

Hugh llewelyn 71000 (5363551073).jpg
To be based at Tyseley following overhaul


See also



  • DB Schenker Company Train

  • History of rail transport in Great Britain

  • List of companies operating trains in the United Kingdom

  • Rail freight transport in Great Britain



Notes





  1. ^ The sixth rail freight company created during privatisation, Freightliner, was privatised through a management buyout.


  2. ^ The main orders were: 250 EMD Series 66 locomotives from GM-EMD built in USA/Canada, 30 JT 42HW-HS from Alstom / Electro Motive Diesel (Spain/USA), and around 2500 wagons from Thrall Car Manufacturing Company, built at the Thrall Europa, York works.


  3. ^ After 2002 began intermodal services from the ports of Felixstowe, Southampton, and Tilbury.[24]


  4. ^ Probotec was formed 2004 from Powell Duffryn Rail.[55]Powell Duffryn Rail originated as the Cambrian Wagon Company, registered 1905, numerous amalgamations and changes of shareholding, became part of Powell Duffryn in 1935;[56] also acquired the Gloucester Railway Carriage and Wagon Company in 1986.[57]


  5. ^ Complaints made in 2003 alleging predatory pricing in the passenger charter sector were not upheld.[66]


  6. ^ Previously two EWS locomotives had received DB Schenker branding — including a light blue British Rail Class 60 60074 named "Teenage Cancer Trust"[80]




References





  1. ^ "Edward A. Burkhardt". www.railword.com (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 11 December 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2011..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ Phillips, Don (25 August 2005). "Free Flow: Getting the French on board". The New York Times.


  3. ^ "Keith Heller's contribution to the railway honoured with locomotive naming". www.rail.dbschenker.co.uk. DB Schenker UK. 19 January 2010. Archived from the original on 23 March 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2017.


  4. ^ "Alain Thauvette, Member of the Management Board of DB Schenker Rail (Region West)". www.dbschenker.com. Archived from the original on 19 June 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2011.


  5. ^ abcd Butcher 2011, p. 13.


  6. ^ ECMT 2001, p. 68.


  7. ^ Haywood, Russ (2009). Railways, urban development and town planning in Britain: 1948–2008. Ashgate Publishing. p. 150.


  8. ^ Parker 2012, p. 479.


  9. ^ ECMT 2001, p. 67.


  10. ^ ab Parker 2012, pp. 479–480.


  11. ^ "New identities for freight companies", Rail (221): 13, 2 March 1994


  12. ^ ab ECMT 2001, p. 70.


  13. ^ "New freight identities revealed", Rail (231): 8, 20 July 1994


  14. ^ "Bright new identies for TLF businesses" The Railway Magazine issue 1121 September 1994 page 12


  15. ^ Parker 2012, pp. 479–482.


  16. ^ ab Companies House extract company no 3116332 DB Schenker Rail (UK) Holdings Limited formerly English, Welsh & Scottish Railway Holdings Limited formerly North & South Railways Limited


  17. ^ ab Parker 2012, p. 480.


  18. ^ "German rail giant confirms £300m deal for EWS shares". The Daily Telegraph. 29 June 2007.


  19. ^ ab "The Sale of Rail Freight Distribution" (PDF). Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions / National Audit Office. 26 March 1999. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2012.


  20. ^ ab "Rail Privatisation". hansard.millbanksystems.com. Hansard, House of Commons. 27 December 1996. volume 296, 275W.


  21. ^ Nash & Fowkes 2004, p. 67.


  22. ^ ab "Confirmed – Wisconsin Central buys Rail express systems" Rail issue 268 20 December 1995 page 9


  23. ^ ab "BR freight is finally sold to Burkhardt" Rail issue 274 13 March 1996 page 6


  24. ^ abc Thalmann, Philippe (2004). The dynamics of freight transport development: a UK and Swiss comparison. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 34–36. ISBN 0-7546-3756-5.


  25. ^ ECMT 2001, p. 88.


  26. ^ Bradshaw, W.P. (2003) [1998], "8. The Rail Industry", in Helm, Dieter; Jenkinson, Tim, Competition in Regulated Industries, p. 187


  27. ^ " The end of rail freight as we know it" The Railway Magazine issue 1140 April 1996 page 7


  28. ^ ab "Wisconsin unveils its new-look livery", Rail (278): 7, 8 May 1996


  29. ^ "Wisconsin Central decides: It's the English, Welsh & Scottish Railway" The Railway Magazine issue 1142 June 1996 page 8


  30. ^ ab ORR 2006, p. 6


  31. ^ "New EW&S logo launched as company runs its first train" The Railway Magazine issue 1148 December 1996 page 6


  32. ^ Wolmar, Christian (5 April 1996), "Rail freight to slash workforce", www.independent.co.uk, The Independent


  33. ^ ab Companies House extract company no 3232475 DB Schenker Rail International Limited formerly English, Welsh & Scottish Railway International Limited formerly Railfreight Distribution Limited


  34. ^ abc "English, Welsh & Scottish set to take over Railfreight Distribution" Rail issue 296 15 January 1997 page 9


  35. ^ Sale of RfD 1999


  36. ^ Horsman, Matthew (26 December 1996). "BR prefers US firm as freight bidder". www.independent.co.uk. The Independent.


  37. ^ "RfD sale to EWS formally agreed" Rail issue 301 26 March 1997 page 10


  38. ^ ab "The complete rise and fall of EWS " Rail issue 612 25 February 2009 pages 62–65


  39. ^ Jay P. Pederson, ed. (1999). "Wisconsin Central Transportation Corporation". International Directory of Company Histories. 24. St. James Press.


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  138. ^ [1]


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Sources


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  • Decision of the Office of Rail Regulation – English Welsh and Scottish Railway Limited (PDF), Office of Rail Regulation, December 2006


  • "The Sale of Rail Freight Distribution" (PDF). Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions / National Audit Office. 26 March 1999. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2012.


  • "Rail Privatisation". hansard.millbanksystems.com. Hansard, House of Commons, UK. 27 December 1996. volume 296, 275W.


  • "Railway Reform – Regulation of Freight Transport Markets" (PDF), European Conference of Ministers of Transport, 2001, archived from the original (PDF) on 5 December 2014


  • Parker, David (2012), "Popular Capitalism. 1987–1997", The Official History of Privatisation: Popular Capitalism, 1987–97, 2


  • Butcher, Louise (18 March 2011). "Railways: privatisation, 1987–1996". www.parliament.uk. House of Commons Library. p. 13.


  • Nash, C.; Fowkes, T. (2004). "Rail Privatisation in Britain – Lessons for the Rail Freight Industry". European integration of rail freight transport (Round Table 125) (PDF). European Conference of Ministers of Transport. Economic Research Centre. OECD Publishing. pp. 61–94. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2014. Retrieved 15 September 2014.




Further reading



  • Sutton, Philip (August 2007). "Burkhardt on EWS". Rail Express. 135: 32–37.


External links




  • Media related to English, Welsh and Scottish Railway at Wikimedia Commons


  • Media related to DB Schenker Rail (UK) at Wikimedia Commons

  • Official website


  • "EWS company website", www.ews-railway.co.uk, archived from the original on 30 March 2004











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