2000 Guineas Stakes



























































2000 Guineas Stakes
Group 1 race

The Finish of the Two Thousand Guineass at Newmarket Samuel Henry Alken.jpg

The Finish of the Two Thousand Guineas at Newmarket
by Samuel Henry Alken (1810–1894)

Location
Rowley Mile
Newmarket, Suffolk, England
Inaugurated 1809
Race type
Flat / Thoroughbred
Sponsor QIPCO
Website Newmarket
Race information
Distance 1 mile (1,609 metres)
Surface Turf
Track Straight
Qualification Three-year-olds
excluding geldings

Weight 9 st 0 lb
Allowances
3 lb for fillies

Purse £500,000 (2018)
1st: £283,550




Engraving of the 1874 2,000 Guineas, from the Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News, May 1874

















2000 Guineas Stakes
2018

Purple, white seams, striped sleeves, purple cap

White, black hollow box, black and white halved sleeves

Royal blue
Saxon Warrior
Tip Two Win
Masar



























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































The 2000 Guineas Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run on the Rowley Mile at Newmarket over a distance of 1 mile (1,609 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late April or early May.


It is one of Britain's five Classic races, and at present it is the first to be run in the year. It also serves as the opening leg of the Triple Crown, followed by the Derby and the St Leger, although the feat of winning all three has been rarely attempted in recent decades.




Contents






  • 1 History


  • 2 Records


  • 3 Winners


  • 4 See also


  • 5 References





History


The 2000 Guineas Stakes was first run on 18 April 1809, and it preceded the introduction of a version for fillies only, the 1000 Guineas Stakes, by five years. Both races were established by the Jockey Club under the direction of Sir Charles Bunbury, who had earlier co-founded the Derby at Epsom. The races were named according to their original prize funds (a guinea amounted to 21 shillings, or £1.05).


By the mid-1860s, the 2000 Guineas was regarded as one of Britain's most prestigious races for three-year-olds. The five leading events for this age group, characterised by increasing distances as the season progressed, began to be known as "Classics". The concept was later adopted in many other countries.


European variations of the 2000 Guineas include the Irish 2,000 Guineas, the Mehl-Mülhens-Rennen, the Poule d'Essai des Poulains and the Premio Parioli. Elsewhere, variations include the Australian Guineas and the Satsuki Shō.


The 2000 Guineas is served by trial races such as the Craven Stakes and the Greenham Stakes, but for some horses it is the first race of the season. The 2000 Guineas itself can act as a trial for the Derby, and the last horse to win both was Camelot in 2012. The most recent 2000 Guineas participant to win the Derby was Masar, placed third in 2018.


Since 2001, the 2000 Guineas and the 1000 Guineas Stakes have offered equal prize money. Each had a purse of £500,000 in 2018.



Records



Leading jockey (9 wins):



  • Jem Robinson – Enamel (1825), Cadland (1828), Riddlesworth (1831), Clearwell (1833), Glencoe (1834), Ibrahim (1835), Bay Middleton (1836), Conyngham (1847), Flatcatcher (1848)



Leading trainer (9 wins) :



  • Aidan O'Brien – King of Kings (1998), Rock of Gibraltar (2002), Footstepsinthesand (2005), George Washington (2006), Henrythenavigator (2008), Camelot (2012), Gleneagles (2015), Churchill (2017), Saxon Warrior (2018)

Leading owner (10 wins): (includes part ownership)




  • Sue Magnier – Entrepreneur (1997), King of Kings (1998), Rock of Gibraltar (2002), Footstepsinthesand (2005), George Washington (2006), Henrythenavigator (2008), Camelot (2012), Gleneagles (2015), Churchill (2017), Saxon Warrior (2018)


  • Fastest winning time – Mister Baileys (1994), 1m 35.08s


  • Widest winning margin (since 1900) – Tudor Minstrel (1947), 8 lengths


  • Longest odds winner – Rockavon (1961), 66/1


  • Shortest odds winner – St Frusquin (1896), 12/100


  • Most runners – 28, in 1930


  • Fewest runners – 2, in 1829 and 1830



Winners



























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Year
Winner
Jockey
Trainer
Owner
Time
1809

Wizard

Bill Clift
Tom Perren
Christopher Wilson

1810

Hephestion

Frank Buckle

Robert Robson

2nd Earl Grosvenor

1811

Trophonius
Sam Barnard
Dixon Boyce
Robert Andrew

1812

Cwrw

Sam Chifney Jr.
William Chifney

3rd Earl of Darlington

1813

Smolensko
H. Miller
Crouch

Sir Charles Bunbury

1814
Olive

Bill Arnull
Dixon Boyce
Charles Wyndham

1815
Tigris

Bill Arnull
Dixon Boyce

1st Baron Rous

1816
Nectar

Bill Arnull
Dixon Boyce

Lord George Cavendish

1817
Manfred

Will Wheatley
Robert Stephenson
Scott Stonehewer

1818
Interpreter

Bill Clift
Richard Prince

3rd Baron Foley

1819
Antar
Edward Edwards [1]
James Edwards
Sir John Shelley

1820

Pindarrie

Frank Buckle

Robert Robson

4th Duke of Grafton

1821
Reginald

Frank Buckle

Robert Robson

4th Duke of Grafton

1822

Pastille ‡

Frank Buckle

Robert Robson

4th Duke of Grafton

1823
Nicolo

Will Wheatley
Joe Rogers
Joe Rogers

1824
Schahriar

Will Wheatley

James Haffenden

1825
Enamel

Jem Robinson
Charles Marson

2nd Marquess of Exeter

1826
Dervise

John Barham Day

Robert Robson

4th Duke of Grafton

1827
Turcoman

Frank Buckle

Robert Robson

4th Duke of Grafton

1828

Cadland

Jem Robinson
Dixon Boyce

5th Duke of Rutland

1829
Patron
Frank Boyce
Charles Marson

2nd Marquess of Exeter

1830
Augustus
Patrick Conolly
Charles Marson

2nd Marquess of Exeter

1831

Riddlesworth

Jem Robinson
James Edwards

5th Earl of Jersey

1832
Archibald
Arthur Pavis


Jonathan Peel

1833
Clearwell

Jem Robinson


3rd Earl of Orford

1834

Glencoe

Jem Robinson
James Edwards

5th Earl of Jersey

1835
Ibrahim

Jem Robinson
James Edwards

5th Earl of Jersey

1836

Bay Middleton

Jem Robinson
James Edwards

5th Earl of Jersey

1837
Achmet
Edward Edwards
James Edwards

5th Earl of Jersey

1838

Grey Momus

John Barham Day

John Barham Day

Lord George Bentinck

1839
The Corsair
Bill Wakefield
John Doe

1st Earl of Lichfield

1840

Crucifix ‡

John Barham Day

John Barham Day

Lord George Bentinck

1841
Ralph

John Barham Day
W. Edwards

4th Earl of Albemarle

1842

Meteor

Bill Scott

John Scott

John Bowes

1843

Cotherstone

Bill Scott

John Scott

John Bowes

1844
The Ugly Buck

John Day

John Barham Day

John Barham Day

1845
Idas

Nat Flatman
Robert Boyce Jr.

2nd Earl of Stradbroke

1846

Sir Tatton Sykes

Bill Scott
William Oates

Bill Scott

1847
Conyngham

Jem Robinson

John Day

Sir Robert Pigot

1848
Flatcatcher

Jem Robinson
Henry Stebbing
B. Green

1849
Nunnykirk

Frank Butler

John Scott
Anthony Nichol

1850
Pitsford

Alfred Day

John Day
Harry Hill

1851
Hernandez

Nat Flatman
John Kent Jr.

Viscount Enfield

1852

Stockwell
John Norman
William Harlock

2nd Marquess of Exeter

1853

West Australian †

Frank Butler

John Scott

John Bowes

1854
The Hermit

Alfred Day

John Day

John Gully

1855
Lord of the Isles

Tom Aldcroft

William Day
James Merry

1856
Fazzoletto

Nat Flatman

John Scott

14th Earl of Derby

1857

Vedette
John Osborne Jr.
George Abdale

2nd Earl of Zetland
1:51.00
1858
Fitz-Roland

John Wells
George Manning

Sir Joseph Hawley

1859
The Promised Land

Alfred Day

William Day

William Day

1860
The Wizard
Tom Ashmall

John Scott
Anthony Nichol

1861
Diophantus
Arthur Edwards
Joseph Dawson

7th Earl of Stamford
1:43.00
1862

The Marquis
Tom Ashmall

John Scott
Stanhope Hawke

1863

Macaroni
Tom Chaloner
James Godding
Richard Naylor

1864
General Peel

Tom Aldcroft
Tom Dawson

5th Earl of Glasgow
1:48.50
1865

Gladiateur †
Harry Grimshaw
Tom Jennings, Sr.
Frédéric de Lagrange

1866

Lord Lyon †
R. Thomas
James Dover
Richard Sutton

1867
Vauban

George Fordham

John Day

8th Duke of Beaufort

1868
(dh)

Formosa † ‡
Moslem

George Fordham
Tom Chaloner
Henry Woolcott
Alec Taylor, Sr.
William Graham
William Stirling Crawfurd

1869

Pretender
John Osborne Jr.
Tom Dawson
John Johnstone

1870
Macgregor
John Daley
J. Waugh
James Merry

1871
Bothwell
John Osborne Jr.
Tom Dawson
John Johnstone

1872
Prince Charlie
John Osborne Jr.
Joseph Dawson
Joseph Dawson

1873

Gang Forward
Tom Chaloner

Alec Taylor, Sr.
William Stirling Crawfurd
1:46.00
1874

Atlantic

Fred Archer

Mathew Dawson

6th Viscount Falmouth

1875
Camballo
John Osborne Jr.

Mathew Dawson
Clare Vyner

1876

Petrarch
Harry Luke
John Dawson, Sr.
Viscount Dupplin

1877

Chamant
Jem Goater
Tom Jennings, Sr.
Frédéric de Lagrange
1:50.00
1878

Pilgrimage ‡

Tom Cannon, Sr.
Joe Cannon

4th Earl of Lonsdale
1:56.00
1879
Charibert

Fred Archer

Mathew Dawson

6th Viscount Falmouth
1:51.00
1880

Petronel

George Fordham
Joe Cannon

8th Duke of Beaufort
1:52.00
1881

Peregrine

Fred Webb
Robert Peck

1st Duke of Westminster
1:49.00
1882

Shotover ‡

Tom Cannon, Sr.

John Porter

1st Duke of Westminster
1:53.40
1883

Galliard

Fred Archer

Mathew Dawson

6th Viscount Falmouth
1:50.40
1884

Scot Free
Billy Platt

Tom Chaloner
John Foy
1:48.00
1885

Paradox

Fred Archer

John Porter

William Broderick Cloete
1:51.40
1886

Ormonde †

George Barrett

John Porter

1st Duke of Westminster
1:46.80
1887

Enterprise

Tom Cannon, Sr.
James Ryan
Douglas Baird
1:45.60
1888

Ayrshire
John Osborne Jr.

George Dawson

6th Duke of Portland
1:52.20
1889

Enthusiast

Tom Cannon, Sr.
James Ryan
Douglas Baird
1:45.20
1890

Surefoot
John Liddiard
Charles Jousiffe
Archie Merry
1:49.80
1891

Common †

George Barrett

John Porter

1st Baron Alington
1:47.00
1892

Bona Vista

Jack Robinson
William Arthur Jarvis

Charles Day Rose
1:54.00
1893

Isinglass †

Tommy Loates
James Jewitt

Harry McCalmont
1:42.40
1894

Ladas

John Watts

Mathew Dawson

5th Earl of Rosebery
1:44.20
1895

Kirkconnel

John Watts
Jos Day

Sir John Blundell Maple
1:42.40
1896

St Frusquin

Tommy Loates

Alfred Hayhoe

Leopold de Rothschild
1:43.60
1897

Galtee More †

Charles Wood
Sam Darling
John Gubbins
1:40.60
1898

Disraeli

Sam Loates
John Dawson, Sr.
Wallace Johnstone
1:41.80
1899

Flying Fox †

Morny Cannon

John Porter

1st Duke of Westminster
1:43.00
1900

Diamond Jubilee †

Herbert Jones

Richard Marsh

HRH Prince of Wales
1:41.60
1901

Handicapper
Bill Halsey
Fred Day

Sir Ernest Cassel
1:43.00
1902

Sceptre † ‡
Herbert Randall
Bob Sievier
Bob Sievier
1:39.00
1903

Rock Sand †

Skeets Martin
George Blackwell

Sir James Miller
1:42.00
1904

St Amant

Kempton Cannon

Alfred Hayhoe

Leopold de Rothschild
1:38.80
1905

Vedas

Herbert Jones

Jack Robinson
West de Wend-Fenton
1:41.20
1906

Gorgos

Herbert Jones

Richard Marsh

Arthur James
1:43.80
1907

Slieve Gallion

Billy Higgs
Sam Darling
Henry Greer
1:41.80
1908

Norman

Otto Madden
John Watson

August Belmont Jr.
1:44.60
1909

Minoru

Herbert Jones

Richard Marsh

Edward VII
1:37.80
1910

Neil Gow

Danny Maher
Percy Peck

5th Earl of Rosebery
1:40.40
1911

Sunstar

George Stern
Charles Morton

Jack Barnato Joel
1:37.60
1912

Sweeper

Danny Maher

Atty Persse

Herman Duryea
1:38.40
1913

Louvois
Johnny Reiff
Dawson Waugh
Walter Raphael
1:38.80
1914

Kennymore

George Stern

Alec Taylor Jr.
Sir John Thursby
1:38.00
1915

Pommern †

Steve Donoghue
Charles Peck

Solomon Joel
1:43.40
1916

Clarissimus
Jimmy Clark
Willie Waugh

7th Viscount Falmouth
1:39.60
1917

Gay Crusader †

Steve Donoghue

Alec Taylor Jr.

Alfred Cox
1:40.80
1918

Gainsborough †

Joe Childs

Alec Taylor Jr.
Lady James Douglas
1:44.60
1919

The Panther
Dick Cooper
George Manser

Sir Alec Black
1:44.40
1920

Tetratema
Brownie Carslake

Atty Persse
Dermot McCalmont
1:43.20
1921

Craig an Eran
John Brennan

Alec Taylor Jr.

2nd Viscount Astor
1:41.60
1922

St Louis
George Archibald

Peter Gilpin

1st Baron Queenborough
1:43.60
1923

Ellangowan

Charlie Elliott

Jack Jarvis

5th Earl of Rosebery
1:37.80
1924

Diophon
George Hulme

Dick Dawson

HH Aga Khan III
1:39.00
1925

Manna

Steve Donoghue

Fred Darling
Henry Morriss
1:39.40
1926

Colorado

Tommy Weston

George Lambton

17th Earl of Derby
1:43.60
1927

Adam's Apple
Jack Leach
Harry Cottrill
Charles Whitburn
1:38.20
1928

Flamingo

Charlie Elliott

Jack Jarvis

Sir Laurence Philipps
1:38.80
1929

Mr Jinks
Harry Beasley

Atty Persse
Dermot McCalmont
1:39.80
1930

Diolite

Freddie Fox

Fred Templeman

Sir Hugo Hirst
1:42.40
1931

Cameronian

Joe Childs

Fred Darling
Arthur Dewar
1:39.40
1932

Orwell
Bobby Jones

Joseph Lawson

Washington Singer
1:42.40
1933

Rodosto
Roger Brethès
Harry Count
Princesse de Lucinge
1:40.40
1934

Colombo

Rae Johnstone
Thomas Hogg

1st Baron Glanely
1:40.00
1935

Bahram †

Freddie Fox

Frank Butters

HH Aga Khan III
1:41.40
1936

Pay Up
Bobby Dick

Joseph Lawson

2nd Viscount Astor
1:39.60
1937

Le Ksar

Charles Semblat
Frank Carter

Evremond de Saint-Alary
1:44.60
1938

Pasch

Gordon Richards

Fred Darling
Henry Morriss
1:38.80
1939

Blue Peter
Eph Smith

Jack Jarvis

6th Earl of Rosebery
1:39.40
1940

Djebel

Charlie Elliott
Albert Swann

Marcel Boussac
1:42.60
1941

Lambert Simnel

Charlie Elliott

Fred Templeman

2nd Duke of Westminster
1:42.60
1942

Big Game

Gordon Richards

Fred Darling

HM King George VI
1:40.80
1943

Kingsway
Sam Wragg

Joseph Lawson
Alfred Saunders
1:37.60
1944

Garden Path ‡

Harry Wragg

Walter Earl

17th Earl of Derby
1:39.60
1945

Court Martial
Cliff Richards

Joseph Lawson

2nd Viscount Astor
1:40.80
1946

Happy Knight

Tommy Weston
Henri Jelliss
Sir William Cooke
1:38.20
1947

Tudor Minstrel

Gordon Richards

Fred Darling
Arthur Dewar
1:37.80
1948

My Babu

Charlie Smirke
Sam Armstrong

HH Maharaja of Baroda
1:35.80
1949

Nimbus

Charlie Elliott
George Colling
Marion Glenister
1:38.00
1950

Palestine

Charlie Smirke

Marcus Marsh

HH Aga Khan III
1:36.80
1951

Ki Ming

Scobie Breasley
Michael Beary
Ley On
1:42.00
1952

Thunderhead

Roger Poincelet
Etienne Pollet
Eugène Constant
1:42.48
1953

Nearula

Edgar Britt

Charles Elsey
William Humble
1:38.26
1954

Darius

Manny Mercer

Harry Wragg

Sir Percy Loraine
1:39.45
1955

Our Babu

Doug Smith
Geoffrey Brooke

David Robinson
1:38.83
1956

Gilles de Retz
Frank Barlow

Helen Johnson Houghton[a]
Anthony Samuel
1:38.76
1957

Crepello

Lester Piggott

Noel Murless

Sir Victor Sassoon
1:38.24
1958

Pall Mall

Doug Smith

Cecil Boyd-Rochfort

HM Queen Elizabeth II
1:39.43
1959

Taboun

George Moore

Alec Head

Prince Aly Khan
1:42.42
1960

Martial
Ron Hutchinson

Paddy Prendergast

Reginald Webster
1:38.33
1961

Rockavon
Norman Stirk
George Boyd
Thomas Yuill
1:39.46
1962

Privy Councillor
Bill Rickaby
Tom Waugh
Gerald Glover
1:38.74
1963

Only for Life
Jimmy Lindley

Jeremy Tree
Monica Sheriffe
1:45.00
1964

Baldric
Bill Pyers
Ernie Fellows
Mrs Howell Jackson
1:38.44
1965

Niksar
Duncan Keith

Walter Nightingall
Wilfred Harvey
1:43.31
1966

Kashmir
Jimmy Lindley
Mick Bartholomew
Peter Butler
1:40.68
1967

Royal Palace

George Moore

Noel Murless
Jim Joel
1:39.37
1968

Sir Ivor

Lester Piggott

Vincent O'Brien

Raymond Guest
1:39.26
1969

Right Tack

Geoff Lewis
John Sutcliffe Jr.
Jim Brown
1:41.65
1970

Nijinsky †

Lester Piggott

Vincent O'Brien

Charles Engelhard
1:41.54
1971

Brigadier Gerard

Joe Mercer

Dick Hern
Jean Hislop
1:39.20
1972

High Top

Willie Carson

Bernard van Cutsem

Sir Jules Thorn
1:40.82
1973

Mon Fils
Frankie Durr

Richard Hannon Sr.
Brenda Davis
1:42.97
1974

Nonoalco

Yves Saint-Martin

François Boutin

María Félix Berger
1:39.58
1975

Bolkonski

Gianfranco Dettori

Henry Cecil
Carlo d'Alessio
1:39.49
1976

Wollow

Gianfranco Dettori

Henry Cecil
Carlo d'Alessio
1:38.09
1977

Nebbiolo

Gabriel Curran
Kevin Prendergast
Niels Schibbye
1:38.54
1978

Roland Gardens
Frankie Durr
Duncan Sasse
John Hayter
1:47.33
1979

Tap On Wood

Steve Cauthen

Barry Hills
Tony Shead
1:43.60
1980

Known Fact [b]

Willie Carson

Jeremy Tree

Khalid Abdullah
1:40.46
1981

To-Agori-Mou

Greville Starkey

Guy Harwood
Andry Muinos
1:41.43
1982

Zino

Freddy Head

François Boutin
Gerry Oldham
1:37.13
1983

Lomond

Pat Eddery

Vincent O'Brien

Robert Sangster
1:43.87
1984

El Gran Senor

Pat Eddery

Vincent O'Brien

Robert Sangster
1:37.41
1985

Shadeed

Lester Piggott

Michael Stoute

Maktoum Al Maktoum
1:37.41
1986

Dancing Brave

Greville Starkey

Guy Harwood

Khalid Abdullah
1:40.00
1987

Don't Forget Me

Willie Carson

Richard Hannon Sr.
James Horgan
1:36.74
1988

Doyoun

Walter Swinburn

Michael Stoute

HH Aga Khan IV
1:41.73
1989

Nashwan

Willie Carson

Dick Hern

Hamdan Al Maktoum
1:36.44
1990

Tirol

Michael Kinane

Richard Hannon Sr.
John Horgan
1:35.84
1991

Mystiko

Michael Roberts

Clive Brittain

Lady Beaverbrook
1:37.83
1992

Rodrigo de Triano

Lester Piggott

Peter Chapple-Hyam

Robert Sangster
1:38.37
1993

Zafonic

Pat Eddery

André Fabre

Khalid Abdullah
1:35.32
1994

Mister Baileys

Jason Weaver

Mark Johnston
G. R. Bailey Ltd
1:35.08
1995

Pennekamp

Thierry Jarnet

André Fabre

Sheikh Mohammed
1:35.16
1996

Mark of Esteem

Frankie Dettori

Saeed bin Suroor

Godolphin
1:37.59
1997

Entrepreneur

Michael Kinane

Michael Stoute

Tabor / Magnier
1:35.64
1998

King of Kings

Michael Kinane

Aidan O'Brien

Magnier / Tabor
1:39.25
1999

Island Sands

Frankie Dettori

Saeed bin Suroor

Godolphin
1:37.14
2000

King's Best

Kieren Fallon

Sir Michael Stoute
Saeed Suhail
1:37.77
2001

Golan

Kieren Fallon

Sir Michael Stoute

Lord Weinstock
1:37.48
2002

Rock of Gibraltar

Johnny Murtagh

Aidan O'Brien

Ferguson / Magnier
1:36.50
2003

Refuse to Bend

Pat Smullen

Dermot Weld

Moyglare Stud Farm
1:37.98
2004

Haafhd

Richard Hills

Barry Hills

Hamdan Al Maktoum
1:36.64
2005

Footstepsinthesand

Kieren Fallon

Aidan O'Brien

Tabor / Magnier
1:36.10
2006

George Washington

Kieren Fallon

Aidan O'Brien

Magnier / Tabor / Smith
1:36.86
2007

Cockney Rebel

Olivier Peslier
Geoff Huffer
Phil Cunningham
1:35.28
2008

Henrythenavigator

Johnny Murtagh

Aidan O'Brien

Sue Magnier
1:39.14
2009

Sea the Stars

Michael Kinane

John Oxx

Christopher Tsui
1:35.88
2010

Makfi

Christophe Lemaire
Mikel Delzangles
Mathieu Offenstadt
1:36.35

2011

Frankel

Tom Queally

Henry Cecil

Khalid Abdullah
1:37.30
2012

Camelot

Joseph O'Brien

Aidan O'Brien
Smith / Magnier / Tabor
1:42.46

2013

Dawn Approach

Kevin Manning

Jim Bolger

Godolphin Racing
1:35.84

2014

Night of Thunder

Kieren Fallon

Richard Hannon Jr.

Saeed Manana
1:36.61
2015

Gleneagles

Ryan Moore

Aidan O'Brien
Smith / Magnier / Tabor
1:37.55
2016

Galileo Gold

Frankie Dettori

Hugo Palmer

Al Shaqab Racing
1:35.91
2017

Churchill

Ryan Moore

Aidan O'Brien
Smith / Magnier / Tabor
1:36.61

2018

Saxon Warrior

Donnacha O'Brien

Aidan O'Brien
Smith / Magnier / Tabor
1:36.55


a Gilles de Retz was officially trained by Charles Jerdein as the Jockey Club would not allow women to hold a trainers' licence in 1956.
b Nureyev finished first in 1980, but he was relegated to last place following a stewards' inquiry.
designates a Triple Crown Winner.
designates a filly.



See also



  • Horse racing in Great Britain

  • List of British flat horse races



References





  1. ^ Randall, John; Morris, Tony (1985). Horse Racing: The Records. Guinness Superlatives Ltd. p. 14. ISBN 0-85112-446-1..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}




  • Paris-Turf:

    • "1978"., "1979"., "1980"., "1981"., "1982"., "1983"., "1984"., "1985"., "1986"., "1987".



  • Racing Post:


    • 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997


    • 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007


    • 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017

    • 2018








  • galopp-sieger.de – 2000 Guineas Stakes.


  • horseracinghistory.co.uk – 2000 Guineas.


  • horseracingintfed.com – International Federation of Horseracing Authorities – Two Thousand Guineas (2018).


  • tbheritage.com – Two Thousand Guineas Stakes.


  • Abelson, Edward; John Tyrrel (1993). The Breedon Book of Horse Racing Records. Breedon Books. pp. 23–31. ISBN 1-873626-15-0.


  • Randall, John; Tony Morris (1985). Horse Racing: The Records. Guinness Superlatives Ltd. pp. 14–24. ISBN 0-85112-446-1.

  • YouTube Race Video https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLfn5x2SD03q5hUzcSt8X4o8iklgqjrQut













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