Peerage of the United Kingdom


























Coronet of a duke
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Divisions of the Peerage

Flag of England.svg Peerage of England

Flag of Scotland.svg Peerage of Scotland

Flag of Great Britain (1707–1800).svg Peerage of Great Britain

Saint Patrick's Saltire.svg Peerage of Ireland

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Peerage of the United Kingdom

The Peerage of the United Kingdom comprises most peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Acts of Union in 1801, when it replaced the Peerage of Great Britain. New peers continued to be created in the Peerage of Ireland until 1898 (the last creation being the Barony of Curzon of Kedleston).




Contents






  • 1 Ranks


  • 2 Titles


  • 3 Lists of peers


  • 4 See also


  • 5 References





Ranks


The ranks of the peerage are duke, marquess, earl, viscount, and baron.[1]


The last non-royal dukedom was created in 1900, and the last marquessate in 1936. Creation of the remaining ranks mostly ceased once Harold Wilson's Labour government took office in 1964, and only four non-royal hereditary peerages have been created since then. These were:




  • John Morrison, 1st Baron Margadale, 1965


  • William Whitelaw, 1st Viscount Whitelaw, 1983 (extinct 1999)


  • George Thomas, 1st Viscount Tonypandy, 1983 (extinct 1997)


  • Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, 1984


Until the House of Lords Act 1999 was passed, all peers of the United Kingdom were automatically members of the House of Lords. However, from that date, most of the hereditary peers ceased to be members as part of Parliamentary reform, whereas the life peers retained their seats. All hereditary peers of the first creation (i.e., those for whom a peerage was originally created, as opposed to those who inherited a peerage from an ancestor), and all surviving hereditary peers who had served as Leader of the House of Lords were offered a life peerage in order to allow them to sit in the House should they wish.



Titles


See also: Forms of address in the United Kingdom

Marquesses, earls, viscounts and barons are all addressed as 'Lord X', where 'X' represents either their territory or surname pertaining to their title. Marchionesses, countesses, viscountesses and baronesses are all addressed as 'Lady X'. Dukes and duchesses are addressed just as 'Duke' or 'Duchess' or, in a non-social context, 'Your Grace'.



Lists of peers



  • 31 Dukes: see List of dukes in the peerages of Britain and Ireland

  • 34 Marquesses: see List of marquesses in the peerages of Britain and Ireland

  • 193 Earls and countesses: see List of earls in the peerages of Britain and Ireland

  • 112 Viscounts: see List of viscounts in the peerages of Britain and Ireland

  • 1187 Barons: see List of barons in the peerages of Britain and Ireland

  • Women: see List of peerages created for women and List of peerages inherited by women



See also



  • British nobility

  • Dukes in the United Kingdom

  • History of the British peerage

  • Marquesses in the United Kingdom

  • Peerage of England

  • Peerage of Great Britain

  • Peerage of Ireland

  • Peerage of Scotland

  • Peerages in the United Kingdom



References





  1. ^ "The Dukes of the Peerage of the United Kingdom". Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 11 May 2008..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}











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