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Coordinates: 35°42′48″N 139°45′44″E / 35.71333°N 139.76222°E / 35.71333; 139.76222

The University of Tokyo

東京大学
Latin: Universitas Tociensis
Former names	Imperial University (1886–1897) Tokyo Imperial University (1897–1947)
Type	Public (National)
Established	1877
Academic affiliations	IARU APRU AEARU AGS BESETOHA AALAU
President	Makoto Gonokami (五神真)
Academic staff	2,209 full-time 276 part-time (2017)[1]
Students	28,253 (2017)[2]
Undergraduates	14,002
Postgraduates	14,251
Doctoral students	5,771
Other students	804 research students
Location	Bunkyō , Tokyo , Japan
Campus	Urban
Colors	Light Blue
Athletics	46 varsity teams
Website	www.u-tokyo.ac.jp

The University of Tokyo (東京大学, Tōkyō daigaku), abbreviated as Todai (東大, Tōdai)^[3] or UTokyo,^[4] is a public research university located in Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan. Established in 1877 as the first imperial university, it is one of Japan's most prestigious universities.

The university has 10 faculties and enrolls about 30,000 students, 2,100 of whom are international students. Its five campuses are in Hongō, Komaba, Kashiwa, Shirokane and Nakano. It is among the top type of the select Japanese universities assigned additional funding under the MEXT's Top Global University Project to enhance Japan's global educational competitiveness.^[5]

The university has graduated many notable alumni, including 17 Prime Ministers, 9 Nobel Prize laureates, 3 Pritzker Prize laureates, 3 astronauts, and 1 Fields Medalist.^[6]

History

Faculty of Law building in 1902, before its destruction by the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake

The university was chartered by the Meiji government in 1877 under its current name by amalgamating older government schools for medicine, various traditional scholars and modern learning. It was renamed "the Imperial University (帝國大學, Teikoku daigaku)" in 1886, and then Tokyo Imperial University (東京帝國大學, Tōkyō teikoku daigaku) in 1897 when the Imperial University system was created. In September 1923, an earthquake and the following fires destroyed about 700,000 volumes of the Imperial University Library.^[7] The books lost included the Hoshino Library (星野文庫, Hoshino bunko), a collection of about 10,000 books.^[7][8] The books were the former possessions of Hoshino Hisashi before becoming part of the library of the university and were mainly about Chinese philosophy and history.

In 1947, after Japan's defeat in World War II, it re-assumed its original name. With the start of the new university system in 1949, Todai swallowed up the former First Higher School (today's Komaba campus) and the former Tokyo Higher School, which thenceforth assumed the duty of teaching first- and second-year undergraduates, while the faculties on Hongo main campus took care of third- and fourth-year students.

Although the university was founded during the Meiji period, it has earlier roots in the Astronomy Agency (天文方; 1684), Shoheizaka Study Office (昌平坂学問所; 1797), and the Western Books Translation Agency (蕃書和解御用; 1811).^[9] These institutions were government offices established by the 徳川幕府 Tokugawa shogunate (1603–1867), and played an important role in the importation and translation of books from Europe.

Kikuchi Dairoku, an important figure in Japanese education, served as president of Tokyo Imperial University.

For the 1964 Summer Olympics, the university hosted the running portion of the modern pentathlon event.^[10]

On 20 January 2012, Todai announced that it would shift the beginning of its academic year from April to September to align its calendar with the international standard. The shift would be phased in over five years.^[11][12] But this unilateral announcement by the president was received badly and the university abandoned the plans.

According to the Japan Times, the university had 1,282 professors in February 2012. Of those, 58 were women.^[11]

In the fall of 2012 and for the first time, the University of Tokyo started two undergraduate programs entirely taught in English and geared toward international students — Programs in English at Komaba (PEAK) — the International Program on Japan in East Asia and the International Program on Environmental Sciences.^[13][14] In 2014, the School of Science at the University of Tokyo introduced an all-English undergraduate transfer program called Global Science Course (GSC).^[15]

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  Tokyo University School of Law Building
  

  
  

  
  


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  Komaba Library
  

  
  

  
  


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  Main Building of Institute for Solid State Physics of the University of Tokyo
  

  
  

  
  


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  Koishikawa Botanical Gardens
  

  
  

  
  


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  Komaba research campus
  

  
  

  
  

Academics

The University of Tokyo is organized into 10 faculties^[16] and 15 graduate schools.^[17]

Graduate programs

Todai Law School is considered as one of the top Law schools in Japan, ranking top in the number of successful candidates of Japanese Bar Examination in 2009 and 2010.^[18]Eduniversal ranked Japanese business schools, and the Faculty of Economics in Todai is placed 4th in Japan (111th in the world).^[19]

Research

The University of Tokyo is considered a top research institution of Japan. It receives the largest amount of national grants for research institutions, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, receiving 40% more than the University with 2nd largest grants and 90% more than the University with 3rd largest grants.^[20] This massive financial investment from the Japanese government directly affects Todai's research outcomes. According to Thomson Reuters, Todai is the best research university in Japan.^[21] Its research excellence is especially distinctive in Physics (1st in Japan, 2nd in the world), Biology & Biochemistry (1st in Japan, 3rd in the world), Pharmacology & Toxicology (1st in Japan, 5th in the world), Materials Science (3rd in Japan, 19th in the world), Chemistry (2nd in Japan, 5th in the world), and Immunology (2nd in Japan, 20th in the world).^[22]

In another ranking, Nikkei Shimbun on 2004/2/16 surveyed about the research standards in Engineering studies based on Thomson Reuters, Grants in Aid for Scientific Research and questionnaires to heads of 93 leading Japanese Research Centers, and Todai was placed 4th (research planning ability 3rd/informative ability of research outcome 10th/ability of business-academia collaboration 3rd) in this ranking.^[23]Weekly Diamond also reported that Todai has the 3rd highest research standard in Japan in terms of research fundings per researchers in COE Program.^[24] In the same article, it's also ranked 21st in terms of the quality of education by GP funds per student.

Todai also has been recognized for its research in the social sciences and humanities. In January 2011, Repec ranked Todai's Economics department as Japan's best economics research university.^[25] And it is the only Japanese university within world top 100.^[26] Todai has produced 9 presidents of the Japanese Economic Association, the largest number in the association.^[27]Asahi Shimbun summarized the amount of academic papers in Japanese major legal journals by university, and Todai was ranked top during 2005-2009.^[28]

Research institutes

^[29]

The University's School of Science and the Earthquake Research Institute are both represented on the national Coordinating Committee for Earthquake Prediction.^[30]

Rankings and reputation

University of Tokyo (Todai) is considered to be the most selective and prestigious university in Japan and is counted as one of the best universities in the world.^[51][52][53]

Nikkei BP has been publishing a ranking system "Brand rankings of Japanese universities" every year, composed by the various indications related to the power of brand, and Todai has been 2nd in 2009-2010 in Greater Tokyo Area.^[54][34] The university has been ranked 1st during 2006-2010 in the ranking "Truly Strong Universities" by Toyo Keizai.^[31] In another ranking, Japanese prep school Kawaijuku ranked Todai as the best university in Japan.^[32]

Todai was ranked second in the world, behind Harvard University, in Mines ParisTech: Professional Ranking of World Universities (2011), which measured universities' numbers of alumni holding CEO positions in Fortune Global 500 companies.

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  Academic Ranking of World Universities ranked the University of Tokyo 1st in Asia and 20th in the world in 2012.


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  Times Higher Education World University Rankings ranked the University of Tokyo 27th in the world in 2013^[55] and 1st in the Asia University ranking in 2013.^[56] In 2015, Times Higher Education World University Rankings ranked the institution 23rd in the world.^[57] It ranks 12th in the world according to the Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings 2016.


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  QS World University Rankings^[58] in 2011 ranked the University of Tokyo 25th in the world (in 2010 Times Higher Education World University Rankings and QS World University Rankings parted ways to produce separate rankings). In the 2011 QS Asian University Rankings, which employs a different methodology, the University of Tokyo came 4th.^[59] Currently, University of Tokyo holds ranks 9th & 11th respectively for Natural Sciences & Engineering, two of its traditionally strong disciplines.^[60][61]
  


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  Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings ranked the University of Tokyo 12th in the world also 1st in Asia in 2016.


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  Global University Ranking ranked the University of Tokyo 3rd in the world and 1st in Asia.^[62]
  


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  Human Resources & Labor Review, a human competitiveness index & analysis published in Chasecareer Network, ranked the university 21st internationally and 1st in Asia in 2010.^[63]
  


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  Nature Publishing Index (2011) ranked the University of Tokyo 5th in the world in 2011.^[64]
  


• In November 2018 Expertscape recognized it as #9 in the world for expertise in Pancreatic Cancer. ^[65]
  


• University of Tokyo was ranked 26th among the world's best universities and 1st in Asia and Japan in 2019 according to the Top 500 Global Universities Rankings produced by CEOWORLD magazine. ^[66]
  

Todai alumni are distinctively successful in Japanese industries. According to the Weekly Economist's 2010 rankings, graduates from Todai have the 12th best employment rate in 400 major companies in Japan.^[67] However, this lower ranking position is because of the large number of alumni who become government bureaucrats, which is more than double of alumni from any other universities.^[68] In fact, alumni of Todai have the highest average salary in Japan, according to PRESIDENT.^[69]

Campus

Hongo Campus

The main Hongo campus occupies the former estate of the Maeda family, Edo period feudal lords of Kaga Province. One of the university's best known landmarks, Akamon (the Red Gate), is a relic of this era. The symbol of the university is the ginkgo leaf, from the trees found throughout the area. The Hongo campus also hosts the University of Tokyo's annual May Festival.^[70]

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  Yasuda Auditorium
  

  
  

  
  


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  Akamon (the Red Gate)
  

  
  

  
  


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  Letters building
  

  
  

  
  


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  Information Center
  

  
  

  
  


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  First Medical Building
  

  
  

  
  


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  Second Medical Building
  

  
  

  
  


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  Medical Experimental Research building
  

  
  

  
  


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  Medical Library
  

  
  

  
  


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  General Library
  

  
  

  
  


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  The Experimental Tank
  

  
  

  
  


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  Faculty of Engineering
  

  
  

  
  

Sanshiro Pond

Sanshiro Pond (三四郎池, Sanshirō ike), university's Hongo campus, dates to 1615. After the fall of the Osaka Castle, the shōgun gave this pond and its surrounding garden to Maeda Toshitsune. With further development of the garden by Maeda Tsunanori, it became known as one of the most beautiful gardens in Edo (Now Tokyo), with the traditional eight landscapes and eight borders, and known for originality in artificial pond, hills, and pavilions. It was at that time known as Ikutoku-en (Garden of Teaching Virtue). The pond's contours are in the shape of the character kokoro or shin (heart), and thus its official name is Ikutoku-en Shinjiike. It has been commonly called Sanshiro Pond after the title of Natsume Sōseki's novel Sanshiro.

Komaba Campus

One of the five campuses of the University of Tokyo, the Komaba Campus is home to the College of Arts and Sciences, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences, and a number of advanced research facilities and campus services. This is the campus where all the freshmen and sophomores of the University of Tokyo spend their college life. The University of Tokyo is the only university in Japan which has a system of two years of general education before students can choose and move on to special fields of study.^{[citation needed]} The Komaba Campus is the cornerstone of general education, and was designated as the "center of excellence" for three new areas of research by the Ministry of Education and Science. There are currently over 7,000 students (freshmen and sophomores) enrolled in the general education courses, about 450 students (juniors and seniors) pursuing their specialties in the College of Arts and Sciences, and 1,400 graduate students in the advanced study.

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  Komaba Campus Building
  

  
  

  
  


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  Main Auditorium
  

  
  

  
  


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  Southern Complex
  

  
  

  
  

Shirokanedai Campus

The relatively small Shirokanedai Campus^[71] hosts the Institute of Medical Science of the University of Tokyo (IMSUT), which is entirely dedicated to postgraduate studies. The campus is focused on genome research, including among its facilities the Human Genome Center (HGC), which have at its disposal the largest supercomputer in the field.^[72]

Notable alumni and faculty members

• The university has produced many notable people. 15 prime ministers of Japan have studied at the University of Tokyo.^[73] Former prime minister Kiichi Miyazawa ordered Japanese government agencies to reduce the rate of employees who had attended the university's law faculty to below 50 percent due to concerns about diversity in the bureaucracy.^[74]
  


• Ten alumni of University of Tokyo have received the Nobel Prize.^[6]
  

1. 
   Yasunari Kawabata, Literature, 1968


2. 
   Leo Esaki, Physics, 1973


3. 
   Eisaku Satō, Peace, 1974


4. 
   Kenzaburō Ōe, Literature, 1994


5. 
   Masatoshi Koshiba, Physics, 2002


6. 
   Yoichiro Nambu, Physics, 2008


7. 
   Ei-ichi Negishi, Chemistry, 2010


8. 
   Takaaki Kajita, Physics, 2015


9. 
   Satoshi Ōmura, Medicine, 2015


10. 
    Yoshinori Ohsumi, Medicine, 2016

• Two alumni of University of Tokyo have received the Fields Medal or Gauss Prize.

1. 
   Kunihiko Kodaira, 1954


2. 
   Kiyosi Itô, 2006

• Four have received the Pritzker Architecture Prize:

1. Toyo Ito


2. Kenzo Tange


3. Fumihiko Maki


4. Arata Isozaki

Nobel laureates

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  Yasunari Kawabata Literature, 1968
  

  
  

  
  


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  Leo Esaki, Physics, 1973
  

  
  

  
  


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  Eisaku Satō, Peace, 1974
  

  
  

  
  


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  Kenzaburō Ōe, Literature, 1994
  

  
  

  
  


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  Masatoshi Koshiba, Physics, 2002
  

  
  

  
  


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  Yoichiro Nambu, Physics, 2008
  

  
  

  
  


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  Ei-ichi Negishi, Chemistry, 2010
  

  
  

  
  


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  Takaaki Kajita, Physics, 2015
  

  
  

  
  


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  Yoshinori Ohsumi, Physiology or Medicine, 2016
  

  
  

  
  

Scientists

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  Tadatoshi Akiba Mathematician
  

  
  

  
  


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  Kiyoshi Itō mathematician
  

  
  

  
  


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  Tosio Kato Mathematician
  

  
  

  
  


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  Hantaro Nagaoka physicist
  

  
  

  
  


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  Ukichiro Nakaya physicist
  

  
  

  
  


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  Yoshio Nishina physicist
  

  
  

  
  


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  Yoji Totsuka physicist
  

  
  

  
  


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  Katsusaburō Yamagiwa pathologist
  

  
  

  
  


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  Kitasato Shibasaburō physician and bacteriologist
  

  
  

  
  


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  Kikunae Ikeda chemist
  

  
  

  
  


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  Teiji Takagi Mathematician
  

  
  

  
  


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  Jokichi Takamine chemist
  

  
  

  
  


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  Charles Dickinson West mechanical Engineer
  

  
  

  
  


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  Umetaro Suzuki chemist
  

  
  

  
  


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  Kōsaku Yosida Mathematician
  

  
  

  
  

See also

• Imperial College of Engineering


• Earthquake engineering


• Kikuchi Dairoku


• Koishikawa Botanical Gardens


• Nikko Botanical Garden


• The University of Tokyo Library


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  International Journal of Asian Studies published in association with the Institute for Advanced Studies on Asia, University of Tokyo

References

External links

Media related to University of Tokyo at Wikimedia Commons

• University of Tokyo


• Kato, Mariko, "Todai still beckons nation's best, brightest but goals diversifying", Japan Times, August 11, 2009, p. 3.