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Pro14

Current season or competition: 2018–19 Pro14
Sport	Rugby union
Instituted	2001; 18 years ago (2001)
Number of teams	14
Nations	Ireland (4 teams)  Italy (2 teams)  Scotland (2 teams)  Wales (4 teams)  South Africa (2 teams)
Holders	Leinster (2017–18)
Most titles	Leinster (5 titles)
Website	pro14rugby.org

The Pro14 (known as the Guinness PRO14 for sponsorship reasons)^[1] is an annual rugby union competition involving professional sides from Ireland, Italy, Scotland, South Africa and Wales. The league is one of the three major professional leagues in Europe (along with the English Premiership and the French Top 14), the most successful European teams from which go forward to compete in the European Rugby Champions Cup, the pan-European championship which replaced the Heineken Cup after the 2013–14 season.

Beginning with the creation of the Welsh-Scottish League in 1999, the league would become known as the Celtic League^[2] when it grew to include teams from Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The league was sponsored by Irish cider makers Magners from the 2006–07 season until 2010–11. At the start of the 2010–11 season, the league expanded from 10 to 12 teams, adding two Italian teams. Following the end of Magners' sponsorship, the league was sponsored by RaboDirect from 2011–12 through to 2013–14.^[1][3] The Pro12 name was adopted in 2011 to reflect that the league now included teams from outside the Celtic nations.^[4] A further expansion to 14 teams took place from the 2017–18 season, with two South African teams joining the league. The current sponsorship deal with Guinness commenced at the beginning of the 2014–15 season.

Tournament format

Current format

The league season as of 2017–18 takes place between September and May, with teams split into two conferences; each consisting of two Irish and Welsh teams and one team each from Italy, Scotland and South Africa to make a seven team conference. Each year the teams will be allocated to conferences based on their previous year's final positioning - in terms of Ireland and Wales the top club from their respective nation will be placed in the same conference as the bottom club from their respective nation.

Teams will play each of the other teams in their conference twice (home and away) and each team from the opposite conference once (either home or away). In addition, each team plays two further derby fixtures against teams from the same nation, but in the opposite conference. This will ensure that Ireland and Wales retain their six derby matches for each team they held before. For Italy, Scotland and South Africa, their respective clubs will play their own nations side three times, with the home venue for the third fixture alternating each season between each club.

This creates a twenty one match regular season before the play-offs. The play-offs will be made up of the top three teams from each conference, with the conference winners gaining a direct bye to the semi-finals, which they will host. The second and third placed teams from each conference will advance to the quarter-finals, with each of the second placed team hosted the game against the third placed team from the opposite conference. The final will be held in a pre-arranged venue.

League points are awarded using the Rugby union bonus points system; 4 points for a win and 2 for a draw. Bonus points can be earned so long as teams can either score four or more tries in a game and or lose by seven points or less - should a team do both, two bonus points are gained.

As for European qualification, the South African teams are ineligible at this time for European Competition. However seven places remain for teams competing in the competition, despite the change of format. The top three teams in each conference, excluding the South African teams if necessary, will gain qualification into the Champions Cup. The fourth placed teams in each conference will take part in a play-off for the seventh place in the Champions Cup.

With one less regular season fixture than in the Pro12, but with an extra round of play-offs, the season remains at 24 match-weeks and thus can still be scheduled to same time period as previous models of the competition. Clashes between league matches and international weekends in November and during the Six Nations Championship remains.

Due to the travelling distance between Europe and South Africa, home South African games will always be played on a Saturday, allowing visiting teams to have a seven-day turnaround between fixtures and includes five ‘clean days’ that do not involve any travel. Should the draw see European teams play both South African teams away, the schedule will see the away team play the two matches back-to-back across two weeks, acting as a 'mini-tour'.

Format history

The league has used a play-off structure since the 2009–10 season to determine the champions, similar to that used in the English Premiership.^[5] For the first two seasons there were two groups and a knockout to determine a winner. Starting from the 2003–04 season until the 2008–09 season, the champions were determined from league performance, with all the teams in one league. From the 2017–18 season, the regular season will employ a conference structure rather than a single round robin league, with 'derby games' between teams from the same nation being protected, and an expanded playoff structure. This allows the competition to control the calendar, and control the number of games per team.

League points are awarded using the Rugby union bonus points system. Until and including the 2008–09 season, the champions were decided solely on the basis of who finished top of the league table, but since the 2009–10 season, the league champion has been decided by a play-off series, in line with other rugby club competitions such as Super Rugby, Top 14, and the English Premiership: at the conclusion of the regular season, the top four placed teams enter the semi-final stage, with the winner of the first vs fourth and second vs third play-offs entering the final (known as the "grand final" in 2010 and 2011).

Two Italian teams – the ex-National Championship of Excellence team Benetton Treviso, and a new team, Aironi – joined the league starting with the 2010–11 season, Aironi being replaced by Zebre from the 2012–13 season. Through the 2012–13 season, the Welsh, Irish, Scottish and Italian rugby unions used the league as the sole determinant for Heineken Cup qualification, and from 2013–14 they use it as the sole means of qualification for the successor to the Heineken Cup, the European Rugby Champions Cup.

Corporate organisation

The legal name of the body running the competition is Celtic Rugby DAC, an Irish private company limited by shares based in 3rd Floor, Millbank House, Arkle Road, Sandyford Industrial Estate, D18 C6R3, Ireland. The company is owned by the Irish Rugby Football Union, the Welsh Rugby Union, the Scottish Rugby Union . The organisation responsible for running and operating the Guinness PRO14 Rugby Championship and is currently owned equally by the Irish Rugby Football Union (IRFU), the Scottish Rugby Union (SRU) and the Welsh Rugby Union (WRU). The Italian Rugby Union (FIR) will become a shareholder in 2019 subject to it meeting certain conditions.

The board of Celtic Rugby DAC is made up of representatives from the IRFU, SRU, WRU, ProRugby Wales, the FIR and the South African Rugby Union. The chief executive is Martin Anayi.^[6]

Media coverage

Since the 2010–11 season, the League has been broadcast live on BBC Two Wales, BBC Two Northern Ireland, RTÉ, the Irish language channel TG4, the Scottish Gaelic channel BBC Alba, the Welsh channel S4C.^[7] The BBC Two Wales matches are usually made available to the rest of the United Kingdom via BBC Red Button. Complete match replays are also available on the BBC iPlayer. Each broadcaster provides feed to the others for matches in their home territory. While this means that the league is now available free to air in the UK and Ireland, in Italy it was only available on a subscription basis in its first year. However, from the 2014–15 season, Italy's Nuvolari began broadcasting the games involving the two Italian clubs live on its digital free-to-view channel. Glasgow Warriors and Edinburgh matches are also broadcast live on BBC Radio Scotland.

Commencing from the 2014–15 season, Sky Sports became one of the league's broadcast partners, broadcasting 33 live games on a Saturday and also showing both the semi-finals and the final live.

Sporadic coverage of the tournament can be found in other territories – on beIN Sports in France, and on various Setanta Sports channels around the globe (including Australia, New Zealand, Canada, South East Asia and the Middle East). The United States rights are held by The Rugby Channel^[8]

Broadcast coverage history

Current broadcasters:

• 
  TG4 (Ireland - Gaelic language) (2001–2004, 2010–present)


• 
  S4C (Welsh language) (2001–present)


• 
  ESPN (USA) (2018–present)^[9]
  


• 
  eir sport (Ireland) (2018–present)^[10]
  


• 
  Eurosport (non-Core markets) (2016–present)


• 
  DAZN (Italy) (2018–present)


• 
  SuperSport (South Africa) (2017–present)


• 
  Premier Sports (UK) (2018–present) ^[11]
  


• 
  Setanta Sports (Asia) (2011–present)

Past broadcasters:

• 
  Sky Sports (2014–2018)


• 
  Setanta Sports (Live 2004–2010, Highlights 2010–2018)


• 
  The Rugby Channel (2016–2018)


• 
  beIN Sports (2014–2018)


• 
  BBC Alba (2010–2018)


• 
  BBC Scotland (2001–2004, 2014–2018)


• 
  BBC Wales (2001–2018)


• 
  BBC Northern Ireland (2001–2004, 2010–2018)


• 
  STV (Live 2009–2010, Highlights 2010–2013)


• 
  RTÉ Sport (2010–2014)


• 
  SKY Italia (2003)


• 
  Dahlia TV (2010–2011)


• 
  Sportitalia (2012–2013)^[12]
  


• 
  Italia 2 (Mediaset) (2013–2014)


• 
  Nuvolari (2014–2015)


• 
  RAI Sport (2011–2012, 2015–2016)


• 
  Eurosport Italia : (2016–2018)

From 2004 to 2009, the Scottish and Irish rights were owned by Setanta Sports. Setanta closed down in Scotland in 2009, but Setanta Ireland and Setanta Sports 1 remained available to Irish subscribers. In 2010, RTÉ Sport, BBC Northern Ireland, TG4, BBC Wales, BBC Alba and SKY Italia came together to buy the Celtic League broadcasting rights.^[13]

On 2 May 2013, Sky Sports announced that it had agreed a four-year deal to broadcast 33 live matches each season. This deal commenced at the start of season 2014–15, Sky have 30 exclusive matches but are only allowed to cover 1 set of fixtures for instance only one Leinster v Munster match is live on Sky with the other on TG4.^[14] Regional screening of matches continued, BBC Wales show Scrum V Live on Friday Night with S4C covering a match now on Sunday Afternoons. BBC Alba screen matches with some matches also available in English on BBC Scotland and BBC Alba now have English Language Red Button Commentary when not on BBC Scotland and BBC Northern Ireland screen all Ulster matches both home and away not available on Sky Sports while RTÉ Sport dropped their coverage after the 2014 final due to budget cuts therefore TG4 are the only broadcasters of the tournament in the Republic of Ireland. The semi-finals and finals are available to all broadcasters.

On 31 August 2017, SuperSport announced that it had acquired the rights to broadcast matches within South Africa.

On the 30th April 2018, PRO14 Rugby have signed a landmark partnership with Premier Sports and FreeSports to broadcast every game from the Guinness PRO14 live in High Definition across the UK for at least the next three years.

The agreement from the 2018-19 season means supporters in the UK, including Northern Ireland, will be able to view all 152 games Premier Sports HD, with no less than 21 games (one per round) shown live Free-To-Air on FreeSports.^[15]

Teams

The league is based on regionalised, provincial and franchise representation of the participating nations, except for Benetton which represents the city of Treviso itself. Benetton was selected for its long history after the project of a second Italian regional team, Praetorians Roma, failed.^[16]

Connacht Leinster Munster Ulster Edinburgh Glasgow Warriors Blues Dragons Ospreys Scarlets Location of Pro14 teams in Great Britain and Ireland

Benetton Zebre Location of Pro14 teams in Italy Cheetahs Southern Kings Location of Pro14 teams in South Africa

Pro14 clubs

Club	Established	Joined	Location	Stadium	Capacity	Titles (Last)
Benetton	1932	2010	Treviso, Italy	Stadio Comunale di Monigo	5,000	0 (N/A)
Cardiff Blues	1876	2001	Cardiff, Wales	Cardiff Arms Park	12,125	0 (N/A)
Cheetahs	2005	2017	Bloemfontein, South Africa	Free State Stadium	48,000	0 (N/A)
Connacht	1885	2001	Galway, Ireland	Galway Sportsgrounds	8,100	1 (2016)
Dragons	2003	2003	Newport, Wales	Rodney Parade	8,700	0 (N/A)
Edinburgh	1872	2001	Edinburgh, Scotland	Murrayfield Stadium	67,144	0 (N/A)
Glasgow Warriors	1872	2001	Glasgow, Scotland	Scotstoun	7,351	1 (2015)
Leinster	1879	2001	Dublin, Ireland	RDS Aviva Stadium	18,500 51,200	5 (2018)
Munster	1879	2001	Limerick Cork, Ireland	Thomond Park Irish Independent Park	26,200[a] 8,008	3 (2011)
Ospreys	2003	2003	Swansea, Wales	Liberty Stadium	20,827	4 (2012)
Scarlets	1875	2001	Llanelli, Wales	Parc y Scarlets	14,870	2 (2017)
Southern Kings	2009	2017	Port Elizabeth, South Africa	Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium	48,459	0 (N/A)
Ulster	1879	2001	Belfast, Northern Ireland	Ravenhill Stadium	18,196	1 (2006)
Zebre	1973	2010	Parma, Italy	Stadio Sergio Lanfranchi	5,000	0 (N/A)

Italian participation since 2010–11

In November 2008, the Celtic League board met to explore the possibility of Italian participation; the chief executive of the Welsh Rugby Union, Roger Lewis, stated that the league was looking "favourably" on Italian participation.
Following a 19 December 2008 board meeting of the Italian Rugby Federation (FIR) to discuss proposals to improve Italian rugby,^[17] FIR announced that it would submit a proposal to join the Celtic League. FIR had two possibilities – either entering four existing Italian clubs from the National Championship of Excellence into the league; or creating two teams of Italy-qualified players exclusively for the competition.^[18]

On 18 July 2009, the FIR announced that Aironi and Praetorians Roma would compete in the Celtic League from the start of the 2010–11 season – beating bids from Benetton Treviso and Duchi Nord-Ovest. Praetorians would be based in Rome at the Stadio Flaminio, while Aironi would be based in Viadana but would play some matches in the city of Reggio Emilia.^[19]
On 2 October 2009, the FIR proposed Benetton Treviso in place of Praetorians Roma.^[20]

On 28 January 2010, the FIR declared that they had withdrawn from negotiations with the Celtic League regarding two Italian teams joining the tournament, with the main issue being a €3 million warranty asked for by the league,^[21][22][23] but by 7 February, the Italian clubs had come up with the required funding.^[24]
By 8 March 2010, a deal had been finalised for Aironi and Benetton Treviso to enter the Celtic League from the 2010–11 season, with each team guaranteed a place in the Heineken Cup.^[25]

At the end of the 2011–12 season however, Aironi were no longer be available to compete in future competitions as a regional club, as, on 6 April 2012, they were refused a licence to continue on financial grounds.^[26] They were replaced by another Italian side, Zebre.^[27]

Former teams

Team	Years	Location	Stadium(s) (capacity)
Aironi	2010–12	Viadana	Stadio Luigi Zaffanella (6,000)
Border Reivers	2002–07	Galashiels	Netherdale (6,000)
Celtic Warriors	2003–04	Bridgend and Pontypridd	Brewery Field (12,000) Sardis Road (8,000)
Bridgend	2001–03	Bridgend, Wales	Brewery Field (6,000)
Caerphilly	2001–03	Caerphilly, Wales	Virginia Park (5,000)
Cardiff	2001–03	Cardiff, Wales	Cardiff Arms Park (12,500)
Ebbw Vale	2001–03	Ebbw Vale, Wales	Eugene Cross Park (8,000)
Llanelli	2001–03	Llanelli, Wales	Stradey Park (10,800)
Neath	2001–03	Neath, Wales	The Gnoll (6,000)
Newport	2001–03	Newport, Wales	Rodney Parade (11,676)
Pontypridd	2001–03	Pontypridd, Wales	Sardis Road (7,861)
Swansea	2001–03	Swansea, Wales	St Helen's (4,500)

Notes:

• Before regionalisation, Wales was represented by nine Welsh Premiership clubs from 2001–2003.


• Aironi was replaced by Zebre, meaning that the number of Italian teams remained at two.


• The Border Reivers were disbanded by the Scottish Rugby Union as part of cost-cutting measures.^[28]
  

Other nations

After the successful negotiations with Italy,^[29][30] talks were held intermittently with South Africa about the possible expansion of the Pro12.^[31][32] A 24-team Rainbow Cup involving 11 Celtic, 9 South African and 4 Italian teams was announced in 2005,^[33] but the idea was abandoned because of financial issues on the European end of the deal^[32] and changes in the leadership of the South African Rugby Union (SARU).

London Welsh expressed interest in 2006 in joining the Celtic League if promotion and relegation were to be removed from the English Premiership.^[34]

In February 2009, South Africa was rumoured to be negotiating entry of its current Super Rugby teams into the Celtic League, to take effect when the media contract between SANZAR and News Corporation expires after the 2010 season;^[32] these rumours were immediately denied by SA Rugby, the commercial arm of SARU.^[35] In the end, nothing came of these rumours, and the competition remained a strictly European affair.

In a 2016 interview with The Irish Times, IRFU CEO Philip Browne indicated that the Pro12 was seriously considering establishing a US franchise on the country's Atlantic coast in the near future, seeing the recent growth of the sport in the US as an opportunity to help close some of the financial gap between Pro12 and Europe's two major domestic leagues, the English Premiership and France's Top 14. Browne added that Pro12 was also looking to expand further into Continental Europe by teaming with major association football clubs, some of which already have rugby sections.^[36]

In August 2016, Pro12 officials began talks with the unions of both Canada and the United States about expansion before the end of the decade, with interest in putting teams on the east coasts of both countries.^[37] In September 2016, it emerged that Vancouver and Houston may be target cities, primarily due to weather considerations, though the distance from the other teams may make that more of a challenge.^[38]

While the North American plan remains active, media attention turned in 2017 toward a new possibility of South African teams entering the competition. Following the decision of Super Rugby organiser SANZAAR to drop three teams from the competition (two from South Africa), multiple media reports indicated that the two likeliest South African sides to be axed, the Cheetahs and Southern Kings, could be added to Pro12 as early as the 2017–18 season.^[39][40] A later BBC report indicated that the Cheetahs and Kings would be added once their removal from Super Rugby was formally announced on 7 July, though neither Celtic Rugby Limited, the South African Rugby Union, nor the two teams would comment on the report.^[41] A week after the Cheetahs and Kings' departure from Super Rugby was confirmed, the BBC reported that Celtic Rugby Limited was expected to officially add those teams at the organisation's next board meeting on 18 July.^[42] While no announcement came on that date, media in both South Africa and Britain reported that SARU's chief executive was at Celtic Rugby's headquarters in Dublin to finalise the addition of the Cheetahs and Kings, with Reuters calling the expansion "the worst kept secret in rugby".^[43] The addition of the two South African teams was officially confirmed on 1 August 2017.^[44]

Current standings

2018–19 Pro14 Table view · watch · edit · discuss
Conference A
	Team	P	W	D	L	PF	PA	PD	TF	TA	TBP	LBP	PTS
1	Munster	15	11	0	4	447	250	+197	61	32	8	1	53
2	Glasgow Warriors	15	10	0	5	398	295	+103	53	35	9	2	51
3	Connacht	15	8	0	7	334	278	+56	41	39	4	6	42
4	Ospreys	15	8	0	7	298	275	+23	34	31	3	3	38
5	Cardiff Blues	15	7	0	8	345	298	+47	40	38	5	5	38
6	Cheetahs	15	6	1	8	383	440	−57	57	58	7	3	36
7	Zebre	15	3	0	12	215	440	−225	29	57	5	1	18
Conference B
	Team	P	W	D	L	PF	PA	PD	TF	TA	TBP	LBP	PTS
1	Leinster	15	13	0	2	519	251	+268	73	31	10	1	63
2	Edinburgh	15	8	0	7	339	313	+26	41	43	5	4	41
3	Benetton	15	8	1	6	305	310	−10	40	41	4	3	41
4	Ulster	15	8	2	5	276	333	–57	34	41	2	1	39
5	Scarlets	15	7	0	8	354	348	+6	45	40	4	4	36
6	Dragons	15	4	0	11	232	397	−165	25	54	0	3	19
7	Southern Kings	15	2	0	13	278	495	−217	38	71	5	6	19
If teams are level at any stage, tiebreakers are applied in the following order -[45] number of matches won the difference between points for and points against the number of tries scored the most points scored the difference between tries for and tries against the fewest red cards received the fewest yellow cards received
Green background indicates teams that compete in the Pro14 play-offs, and also earn a place in the 2019–20 European Champions Cup (excluding South African teams who are ineligible) Blue background indicates teams outside the play-off places that earn a place in the 2019–20 European Champions Cup Yellow background indicates the fourth-ranked eligible teams in each conference that play-off against each other for the seventh place in the 2019–20 European Champions Cup Plain background indicates teams that earn a place in the 2019–20 European Rugby Challenge Cup. (CH) Champions. (RU) Runners-up. (SF) Losing semi-finalists. (QF) Losing quarter-finalists. (PO) Champions Cup play-off winners.

History

Formative Years and the Welsh-Scottish League

Pan-Celtic tournaments had been the subject of intermittent discussions throughout the early professional era. At first, the tournament was often viewed as a mere forerunner to a British & Irish league. These talks would eventually lead to the Welsh Rugby Union (WRU) and the Rugby Football Union (RFU) establishing the Anglo-Welsh Cup in 2005, and all four unions establishing the British and Irish Cup in 2009.

The first material steps toward the league were taken in the 1999–2000 season, when the Scottish districts Edinburgh and Glasgow were invited to join the fully professional Welsh Premier Division, creating the Welsh–Scottish League.

By 2001, an agreement was made with the Irish Rugby Football Union (IRFU) to bring in the four Irish provinces. The 2001–02 season saw additional matches and a new league structure played alongside the continuing Welsh–Scottish League and the Inter-Provincial Championship in Ireland. The new format was named the Celtic League.

By 2005 the tournament had become the sole professional league in Ireland and Scotland (the Anglo-Welsh Cup and Semi-Pro Welsh Premiership continued in Wales) and had entirely replaced both the Welsh–Scottish League, and the Inter-Provincial Championship.

The Celtic League (2001–2011)

2001–02

The Celtic League Logo

The first full season of a pan-Celtic competition saw 15 teams compete: the four Irish provinces (Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster), two Scottish teams (Edinburgh Reivers and Glasgow) and all nine Welsh professional teams (Bridgend, Caerphilly, Cardiff, Ebbw Vale, Llanelli, Neath, Newport, Pontypridd and Swansea).

Played alongside each country's own domestic competitions, the teams were split into two groups (of eight and seven) and played a series of round-robin matches with each team playing the other only once. The top four teams from each group proceeded into the knock-out phase until a champion was found. Clashes between teams in the Welsh-Scottish League also counted towards the new competition.

The 2001–02 competition was dominated by the Irish teams with all four sides reaching the last eight, three progressing to the semi-finals, and the thrilling final played at Lansdowne Road contested between Leinster and Munster with Leinster running out 24–20 winners.^[46]

2002–03

Champions Leinster failed to make the quarter-final stage in 2003. In their absence, Munster went on to win the competition by beating Connacht 33–3 in the quarter-finals, Ulster 42–10 in the semi-finals, and Neath 37–17 in the final played in Cardiff.^[47]

The format of the Celtic League remained the same for the second season, but saw the addition of a third Scottish district, the newly re-established Scottish Borders. However, the Welsh-Scottish league structure would end permanently in 2002, allowing for the expansion of the Celtic league format in the following season.

2003–04

A major change in Celtic League came before the start of the 2003–04 season. The Welsh Rugby Union voted to create five new regional sides (Cardiff Blues, Celtic Warriors, Llanelli Scarlets, Neath–Swansea Ospreys and Newport Gwent Dragons). It was agreed that the Celtic League would become the sole professional league of the three countries, incorporating the four Irish, three Scottish and five new Welsh professional teams.

Reformatted into a traditional league competition (double round-robin style, all clubs play each other twice, once home, once away), which meant that a season long 22-round match program was launched, and with a new strength in depth due to the amalgamation of Welsh teams and the continuing strengthening of Irish and Scottish teams through the re-signing and retention of star players, the league has been in rugby terms a success. Also introduced for the 2003–04 season was the Celtic Cup, a straight knock-out cup competition between the 12 Celtic League teams.

However the unfortunate timing of the league's launch and poor organisation of a working calendar meant that first the 2003 Rugby World Cup and later the Six Nations Championship prevented many of the league's top stars from playing in over half the games. This caused the league to struggle commercially, especially regarding the newly adopted regions in Wales where the game has always traditionally been played on a club basis, not having the regional histories of Ireland or Scotland. The season ended with the Llanelli Scarlets running out as eventual winners, four points ahead of Ulster.^[48]

2004–05

The Welsh Rugby Union would controversially purchase and liquidate the Celtic Warriors so that the 2004–05 season would see eleven teams compete in the Celtic League.^[49] The new format took the league into what many saw as a make-or-break season,^{[citation needed]} clear of massive distractions such as the Rugby World Cup. With the Welsh regions partly embedded, the signs were that the Celtic League would be a competition that could continue. It was suggested that Italian sides might join an expanded Celtic League, an idea that would eventually materialise in 2010.

The league format was further refined at the end of the 2003–04 season, with the participants better managing the dates of the matches so as to not interfere with the national squad set-ups and to make the league more commercially viable. The league was played until April, and then the Celtic Cup was contested among the top eight teams.

The 2004–05 season was the first season that Ireland agreed to use the Celtic League standings to determine which provinces would enter the Heineken Cup. The IRFU had previously classed Connacht as a "development" team and so nominated Leinster, Munster and Ulster over Connacht.
The IRFU also insisted on International squad training sessions taking precedence over Celtic League matches, with Irish provinces (especially Munster and Leinster) occasionally fielding virtual second teams for Celtic League games. Some claimed this had the effect of devaluing the competition. However, despite this approach, Munster finished second and Leinster third, with Munster winning the Celtic Cup. The Ospreys topped the league table, making it two in a row for Welsh regional sides.^[50]

2005–06

In 2005, there were discussions over a potential Anglo-Welsh Cup competition which some saw as undermining the Celtic League. Despite Welsh assurances that the proposed Anglo-Welsh tournament would not interfere with their commitments to either the Celtic League in its present format or an expanded 'Rainbow League', the WRU made arrangements to play games on five weekends that clashed with Celtic League fixtures. The SRU and IRFU then threatened to expel the Welsh sides from the Celtic League in June 2005. It was proposed that the competition would continue as a Scottish and Irish affair for the 2005–06 season, with the possible addition of four Italian sides and the re-admittance of Welsh sides for the 2006–07 season. However a deal was reached that allowed for the Celtic League to continue with the Anglo-Welsh cup fixtures involving Welsh clubs rescheduled.

Despite these problems, the league enjoyed its most successful season, with the record attendance at a Celtic League match being broken four times, from 12,436 at the match between the Cardiff Blues and the Newport Gwent Dragons in December to 15,327 for the match between the Cardiff Blues and Leinster at the Millennium Stadium. The total attendances for the season were up nearly 50,000 at 571,331 compared to 521,449 for the previous season.

The league went down to the last round with Ulster and Leinster both in contention. Following Leinster's victory over Edinburgh and with Ulster losing against the Ospreys, it looked like the cup would go to Dublin but David Humphreys kicked a last minute 40-metre drop goal to clinch the game and the league for Ulster.^[51]

2006–07

In May 2006, Magners Irish Cider were named as the competition sponsors for the next five seasons, and the league was renamed as the Magners League. Although known as Bulmers Irish Cider in the Republic of Ireland, the Magners brand name was used there for the league.^[52] The sponsorship followed on from Magners' previous sponsorship deals with Edinburgh and the London Wasps.

The Scottish Rugby Union announced that the Borders territory would be disbanded from the end of the 2006–07 season. It may be revived when the Scottish Rugby Union debt decreases enough to make it financially viable along with a possible fourth Scottish territory (Four professional teams being the original plan for the SRU) with Falkirk, Stirling or a London-based team being possible locations; or even the Caledonia Reds, the forgotten Scottish region. In the meantime Scotland would have only two professional teams based in Edinburgh and Glasgow.^[53]

The league's record attendance was smashed in this season with a full house at Lansdowne Road (48,000) for Leinster v Ulster. This was the last game in the stadium prior to its demolition, and was billed as "The Last Stand".

The league was won by the Ospreys on the final day of fixtures. The Blues' home win over Leinster allowed the Ospreys to top the league by a single point and take the title with an away win at Borders.^[54]

2007–08

Only ten teams competed in the 2007–08 season, after the Borders were disbanded at the end of the 2006–07 season. Glasgow Warriors moved their home games to Firhill.^[55] After missing out on the title on the last day for the previous two seasons, Leinster finally won the 2007–08 title with one game remaining. They had been runaway leaders for much of the season.^[56]

In April 2008 it was announced that the Celtic League was to introduce a play-off system commencing in the 2009–10 season to determine the winner, thus generating a greater climax to the season and bringing it in line with other major leagues such as the English Premiership and French Top 14.^[57]

2008–09

The 2008–09 season was decided quite early in the season as Munster claimed the title without playing, as they were preparing for their Heineken Cup semi-final against Leinster. The final challenge from Ospreys was snuffed out when the Dragons denied them a bonus point win on 30 April. Munster had led pretty much from the start of the season with a team largely captained by Mick O'Driscoll showing Munster's squad depth. Munster lost only four games, three to the other Irish teams, including a double loss to Ulster. Felipe Contepomi finished as league top scorer for Leinster, the year they went on to win the Heineken Cup.

2009–10

The 2009–10 season was the last 10-team league as the Italian teams joined in 2010–11. The league was one of the most competitive in years with perennial wooden-spooners Connacht challenging Ulster all the way for the third Irish Heineken Cup spot. Ulster needed a superb away bonus point win at Edinburgh to seal it, ending Edinburgh's own play-off hopes. Scarlets had a disappointing campaign as typical Welsh underdogs the Dragons had a great season, eventually finishing mid table and comfortably qualifying for the Heineken Cup. Luckily for the Scarlets, Cardiff Blues won the Amlin Cup and thereby earned Wales an extra Heineken Cup place. 2009–10 was also the first time a play-off was used to decide the champion, previously the top team at the end of the season was champion. The Scottish teams and particularly Glasgow came of age and had a fine season, finishing 3rd in the end.

The four qualifiers for the play-offs were Leinster, Ospreys, Glasgow and Munster in that order, each country having at least one team. In the semi-finals Leinster defeated Munster at the RDS,^[58] after Ospreys overcame Glasgow in Swansea. In the grand final at the RDS in Dublin the Ospreys shocked Leinster, winning the title with their first win in Dublin in five years.^[59]

2010–11

The 2010–11 saw the introduction of the two Italian sides, Aironi and Benetton Treviso. In the new 12 team format, the play-offs came down to Munster hosting the Ospreys in one semi-final, and Leinster hosting Ulster in the other.

The two home sides went on to win their respective matches and the final was held in Thomond Park, home of Munster rugby, where they defeated Leinster (who had just been crowned champions of Europe a week earlier).

The Pro12 (2011–2017)

2011–12

The 2011–12 season saw a re-branding of the competition as the Rabo Direct Pro12. Leinster were the runaway winners of the regular season, with a 10-point cushion over the Ospreys in second.^[60] The top four were Leinster, Ospreys, Munster and Warriors in that order.
Ospreys easily overcame Munster at home in the first semi-final in Swansea^[61] while Leinster beat the Glasgow Warriors in the RDS after giving up a strong lead.^[62] In the final, also held at the RDS, Leinster were aiming to become the first Celtic League team to complete a domestic and European double, after beating Ulster the previous week in the Heineken Cup final. After trailing for most of the game, Ospreys took a late lead through a try by Shane Williams. Dan Biggar then landed a difficult conversion to give Ospreys their fourth title by a single point, 31–30.^[63]

After two years in the competition Aironi played their final match, as their licence to compete was revoked by the FIR for financial reasons.^[64]

2012–13

With the demise of Aironi they were replaced with a new FIR controlled team to be based in Parma called Zebre, near the Aironi base in Viadana.^[65] The Welsh clubs chose to operate under a new self-imposed salary cap, which led to a number of departures from the Welsh teams as they strove to balance their books.^[66] Some high-profile Welsh players moved to the French Top 14, but other Pro12 teams also benefited with the likes of Casey Laulala going to Munster from Cardiff Blues, Sean Lamont to Glasgow from Scarlets, Dan Parks from Cardiff Blues to Connacht and Tommy Bowe from Ospreys back to Ulster.

Ulster topped the table in the regular season, with Leinster, Glasgow and Scarlets completing the top 4 in that order. They then went on to comfortably beat Scarlets 28–17 in Belfast, while Leinster were hard pressed by Glasgow in a tense 17–15 win for the hosts. In the final (held in the R.D.S. due to redevelopment of Ravenhill) Leinster prevailed 24–18 to win their 3rd title.

2013–14

Rabo Direct announced that this was to be their last season as sponsors. This, combined with the ongoing uncertainty surrounding the future of the European Cup, meant that there were concerns over the future commercial viability of the tournament. However, despite all off-field issues it was a successful season with a new high for both total attendance and for a single game (51,700 for Leinster v Munster).

In the end Leinster topped the table, having led for most of the season. Glasgow had a late surge to finish 2nd overtaking Munster and Ulster in the process. All four teams showed they were worthy contenders in the next round with Leinster needing to score a late try to beat Ulster 13–9 in Dublin while Glasgow just got past Munster in Scotstoun by one point to win 16–15. The final in the R.D.S. was also a close game for most of the match with Leinster forced to defend for long periods. However they eventually pulled clear, adding two late scores which made the final result look somewhat lopsided at 34–12.

2014–15

The RaboDirect title sponsor was replaced by Guinness.^[67][68] With the Heineken Cup being replaced by the 20-team European Rugby Champions Cup in the 2014–15 season, the Pro12 table had a greater impact on qualification. Under the previous format, the Pro12 provided a minimum of ten teams, with Scotland and Italy providing two teams each, and Ireland and Wales both providing three. The new system saw a total of seven teams, with one place now being reserved for the highest finishing Pro12 team from each of four participating countries and three other qualifiers based solely on league position. The other teams were entered in the new second-tier competition, the European Rugby Challenge Cup.

Leinster were the defending champions having beaten Glasgow Warriors in the previous season's playoff final, to become the first team in the league to successfully retain the trophy.^[69] Leinster were unable to defend their title as they failed to qualify for the end-of-season playoffs for the top four teams after the regular season. Glasgow Warriors finished the regular season on top of the table, and were crowned champions for the first time, beating second seeded team Munster 31–13 in the final.^[70][71][72] Thus, the Warriors became the first Scottish team to win a professional trophy, beating Edinburgh's appearance in the final of the 2014–15 European Rugby Challenge Cup.

2015–16

With the 2015 Rugby World Cup taking place during the opening months of the season, changes were made to the usual fixture schedule to minimise the effect on teams who released players to take part. The low number of games in the opening weeks of the season led to fixture congestion at the end of the tournament, with each team playing a game every weekend for 16 weeks straight from October 2015 to January 2016, including European matches.

As in the previous season, qualification to the European Champions Cup was guaranteed to the top team from each country participating in the league, with the three highest placed team's not already qualified also earning a berth. Unlike in the previous season where the 20th tournament spot was decided by a play-off involving teams from the Pro12, France's Top 14 and the English Premiership, due to fixture congestion from the World Cup, the final spot in the tournament was reserved for the winner of the 2015 European Challenge Cup if not already qualified.

The delayed start to the season, and absence of established international players during international Test and Six Nations windows, arguably gave some advantage to 'lesser' teams, and Connacht, coached by Pat Lam, duly led the league for much of the season. Despite not ultimately finishing top of the league, they converted their form into a maiden championship title in the post-league play-off matches, including a home semi-final victory over reigning champions Glasgow Warriors, and the Pro12 Final against league-topping Leinster at the neutral venue of the BT Sport Murrayfield stadium in Edinburgh.

2016–17

Despite losing their first three matches, the Scarlets finished third in the league. They became the first team in the Pro 12's history to win an away semi-final, beating Leinster 27–15 at the RDS Arena, before beating league-topping Munster 46–22 at the Aviva Stadium. Scarlets wing Steff Evans ended up as the league's top try scorer with 11 tries.

The Pro14

2017–18

There are big changes this season with the addition of two South African teams. The 14 teams are split into two conferences of seven teams each. They will play each team in their own conference twice (12 games) and each team in the other conference once (7 games), plus two derby games against the team(s) in the other conference from their own country, making 21 matches in total. The team that finishes top in each conference qualifies directly, one for each of the semi-finals, while the teams that finish second and third in each conference qualify as the four quarter-finalists to determine the other two semi-finalists.^[73]

Results

By year

League Season Teams Winner Runner-up 2001–02 15 Leinster (1) Munster (1) 2002–03 16 Munster (1) Neath (1) 2003–04 12 Llanelli Scarlets (1) Ulster (1) 2004–05 11 Ospreys (1) Munster (2) 2005–06 11 Ulster (1) Leinster (1) 2006–07 11 Ospreys (2) Cardiff Blues (1) 2007–08 10 Leinster (2) Cardiff Blues (2) 2008–09 10 Munster (2) Edinburgh (1) 2009–10 10 Ospreys (3) Leinster (2) 2010–11 12 Munster (3) Leinster (3) 2011–12 12 Ospreys (4) Leinster (4) 2012–13 12 Leinster (3) Ulster (2) 2013–14 12 Leinster (4) Glasgow Warriors(1) 2014–15 12 Glasgow Warriors (1) Munster (3) 2015–16 12 Connacht (1) Leinster (5) 2016–17 12 Scarlets (2) Munster (4) 2017–18 14 Leinster (5) Scarlets (1)

Celtic Cup Season Teams Winner Runner-up 2003−04 12 Ulster Edinburgh 2004–05 8 Munster Llanelli Scarlets

By championship wins

Team	Titles	Years	Runners-up	Years runners-up
Leinster	5	2001–02, 2007–08, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2017–18	5	2005–06, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2015–16
Ospreys	4	2004–05, 2006–07, 2009–10, 2011–12	0
Munster	3	2002–03, 2008–09, 2010–11	4	2001–02, 2004–05, 2014–15, 2016–17
Scarlets	2	2003–04, 2016–17	1	2017–18
Ulster	1	2005–06	2	2003–04, 2012–13
Glasgow Warriors	1	2014–15	1	2013–14
Connacht	1	2015–16	0
Cardiff Blues	0		2	2006–07, 2007–08
Edinburgh	0		1	2008–09
Neath	0		1	2002–03

By country

Country	Titles	Teams	Runners-up	Teams
Ireland	10	Leinster (5), Munster (3), Ulster (1), Connacht (1)	11	Leinster (5), Munster (4), Ulster (2)
Wales	6	Ospreys (4), Scarlets (2)	4	Cardiff Blues (2), Neath (1), Scarlets (1)
Scotland	1	Glasgow Warriors (1)	2	Edinburgh (1), Glasgow Warriors (1)
Italy	0		0
South Africa	0		0

Player of the year

• 2009–10: Tommy Bowe (Ospreys)


• 2010–11: Ruan Pienaar (Ulster)^[74]
  


• 2011–12: Tim Visser (Edinburgh)


• 2012–13: Nick Williams (Ulster)^[75]
  


• 2013–14: Dan Biggar (Ospreys)


• 2014–15: Rhys Webb (Ospreys)


• 2015–16: Bundee Aki (Connacht)^[76]
  


• 2016–17: Charles Piutau (Ulster)^[77]
  


• 2017–18 : Tadhg Beirne (Scarlets)^[78]
  

Player statistics

Career

• Most tries: 65 – Tommy Bowe, Ulster (47), Ospreys (18)


• Most points: 1,582 – Dan Parks, Glasgow (1105), Cardiff Blues (236) and Connacht (241)


• Most successful kicks: 397 – Dan Parks, Glasgow, Cardiff Blues and Connacht


• Most appearances: 232 – John Muldoon, Connacht

Season

• Most tries: 14 – Tim Visser, Edinburgh, 2010–11


• Most points: 276 – Felipe Contepomi, Leinster, 2005–06


• Most successful kicks: 99 – Neil Jenkins, Celtic Warriors


• Most appearances: 24 – Finlay Bealham, Connacht, 2015–16

Attendance

List of final venues

Up until the 2014–15 Pro12 season, the higher ranked team in the final were the hosting team. However, in the 2014–15 Pro12 season, a pre-determined stadium was chosen at the start of the season that will host the final.

Season	Stadium	Capacity	City	Associated team
2014–15	Ravenhill Stadium	18,196	Belfast	Ulster
2015–16	Murrayfield Stadium	67,144	Edinburgh	Edinburgh
2016–17	Aviva Stadium	51,700	Dublin	Leinster
2017–18	Aviva Stadium	51,700	Dublin	Leinster
2018–19	Celtic Park	60,411	Glasgow	Glasgow

Notes

See also

• 
  1872 Cup - Scottish derby


• 
  Celtic Cup (2003), a short-lived knockout tournament for Celtic League teams


• 
  Celtic Cup (2018), an upcoming tournament of the same name for Pro14 development teams from Ireland and Wales


• Anglo-Welsh Cup


• British and Irish Cup


• European Challenge Cup


• European Professional Club Rugby


• European Rugby Challenge Cup


• European Rugby Champions Cup


• Heineken Cup


• 
  Judgement Day – Welsh derbies


• Sports league attendances


• Welsh Premier Division

References

External links

• 
  Official website