VDSL
Very-high-bit-rate digital subscriber line (VDSL)[1] and very-high-bit-rate digital subscriber line 2 (VDSL2)[2] are digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies providing data transmission faster than asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL).
VDSL offers speeds of up to 52 Mbit/s downstream and 16 Mbit/s upstream,[3] over a single flat untwisted or twisted pair of copper wires using the frequency band from 25 kHz to 12 MHz.[4] These rates mean that VDSL is capable of supporting applications such as high-definition television, as well as telephone services (voice over IP) and general Internet access, over a single connection. VDSL is deployed over existing wiring used for analog telephone service and lower-speed DSL connections. This standard was approved by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in November 2001.
Second-generation systems (VDSL2; ITU-T G.993.2 approved in February 2006)[5] use frequencies of up to 30 MHz to provide data rates exceeding 100 Mbit/s simultaneously in both the upstream and downstream directions. The maximum available bit rate is achieved at a range of about 300 metres (980 ft); performance degrades as the local loop attenuation increases.
Contents
1 Development
2 VDSL standards
3 VDSL2
3.1 Vplus
4 Profiles
5 VDSL2 vectoring
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Development
The concept of VDSL was first published in 1991 through a joint Bellcore-Stanford research study. The study searched for potential successors to the then-prevalent HDSL and relatively new ADSL, which were both 1.5 Mbit/s. Specifically, it explored the feasibility of symmetric and asymmetric data rates exceeding 10 Mbit/s on short phone lines.
VDSL2 standard is an enhancement to ITU T G.993.1 that supports asymmetric and symmetric transmission at a bidirectional net data rate up to 400 Mbit/s on twisted pairs using a bandwidth up to 35 MHz.
VDSL standards
DSL SoC
A VDSL connection uses up to seven frequency bands, so one can allocate the data rate between upstream and downstream differently depending on the service offering and spectrum regulations. The first-generation VDSL standard specified both quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and discrete multi-tone modulation (DMT). In 2006, ITU-T standardized VDSL in recommendation G.993.2 which specified only DMT modulation for VDSL2.
| Version | Standard name | Common name | Downstream rate | Upstream rate | Approved on |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VDSL | ITU G.993.1 | VDSL | 55 Mbit/s | 3 Mbit/s | 2001-11-29 |
| VDSL2 | ITU G.993.2 | VDSL2 | 200 Mbit/s | 100 Mbit/s | 2006-02-17 |
| VDSL2-Vplus | ITU G.993.2 Amendment 1 (11/15) | VDSL2 Annex Q VPlus/35b | 300 Mbit/s | 100 Mbit/s | 2015-11-06 |
VDSL2
A VDSL2 cabinet on top of a copper cabling cabinet in Italy
VDSL2 is an enhancement to VDSL. Designed to support the wide deployment of triple play services such as voice, video, data and high-definition television (HDTV) VDSL2 is intended to enable operators and carriers to gradually, flexibly, and cost-efficiently upgrade existing xDSL infrastructure.
The protocol is standardized in the International Telecommunication Union telecommunications sector (ITU-T) as Recommendation G.993.2. It was announced as finalized on 27 May 2005,[5] and first published on 17 February 2006. Several corrections and amendments were published from 2007 to 2011.[2]
VDSL2 permits the transmission of asymmetric and symmetric aggregate data rates up to 300+ Mbit/s downstream and upstream on twisted pairs using a bandwidth up to 35 MHz. It deteriorates quickly from a theoretical maximum of 350 Mbit/s at source to 100 Mbit/s at 500 m (550 yd) and 50 Mbit/s at 1,000 m (1,100 yd), but degrades at a much slower rate from there, and outperforms VDSL. Starting from 1,600 m (1 mi) its performance is equal to ADSL2+.[6]
ADSL-like long-reach performance is one of the key advantages of VDSL2. LR-VDSL2 enabled systems are capable of supporting speeds of around 1–4 Mbit/s (downstream) over distances of 4–5 km (2.5–3 miles), gradually increasing the bit rate up to symmetric 100 Mbit/s as loop-length shortens. This means that VDSL2-based systems, unlike VDSL systems, are not limited to short local loops or MTU/MDUs only, but can also be used for medium range applications.
Bonding (ITU-T G.998.x) may be used to combine multiple wire pairs to increase available capacity, or extend the copper network's reach. Hybrid Access Networks
[7] can be used to combine XDSL with wireless networks. This enables network operators to provide faster Internet access services over long lines.
Vplus
Vplus is a technology to achieve higher speeds over existing VDSL2 networks. It was developed by Alcatel-Lucent and standardised in November 2015 in ITU G.993.2
Amendment 1 as VDSL2 profile 35b.[2] It promises to deliver speeds of up to 300 Mbit/s downstream and 100 Mbit/s upstream on loops shorter than 250 m. On longer loops, Vplus falls back to VDSL2 17a vectoring performance.[8]
Vplus uses the same tone spacing as VDSL2 17a to allow vectoring across Vplus (35b) and 17a lines, and thus mixed deployments and a smooth introduction of Vplus.[8]
Profiles
The VDSL1 standard has three bandplans: Annex A (Asymmetric BandPlan), Annex B (Symmetric BandPlan) and Annex C (Fx BandPlan). Annex A and Annex B were formerly called Plan 998 and Plan 997 respectively.
VDSL1 Annex C is intended for use in Sweden only and it uses a variable separating frequency between the second downstream band, and the second upstream band. All VDSL1 bandplans has spectrum up to 12 MHz, so the length of the copper loops must be shorter than ADSL.[9][10]
The VDSL2 standard defines a wide range of profiles that can be used in different VDSL deployment architectures; in the central office, in the cabinet or in the building for example.[11]
| Profile | Bandwidth (MHz) | Number of total carriers | Carrier bandwidth (kHz) | Maximum aggregate downstream transmit power (dBm) | Max. downstream throughput (Mbit/s) | Max. upstream throughput (Mbit/s)[12] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8a | 8.5 | 1972 | 4.3125 | +17.5 | 50 | 16 |
| 8b | 8.5 | 1972 | 4.3125 | +20.5 | 50 | 16 |
| 8c | 8.5 | 1972 | 4.3125 | +11.5 | 50 | 16 |
| 8d | 8.5 | 1972 | 4.3125 | +14.5 | 50 | 16 |
| 12a | 12 | 2783 | 4.3125 | +14.5 | 68 | 22 |
| 12b | 12 | 2783 | 4.3125 | +14.5 | 68 | 22 |
| 17a | 17.660 | 4096 | 4.3125 | +14.5 | 100 | 50 |
| 30a | 30 | 3479 | 8.625 | +14.5 | 200 | 100 |
| 35b | 35.324 | 8192 | 4.3125 | +17.0 | 300 | 100 |
VDSL2 vectoring
Vectoring is a transmission method that employs the coordination of line signals for reduction of crosstalk levels and improvement of performance. It is based on the concept of noise cancellation, much like noise-cancelling headphones. The ITU-T G.993.5 standard, "Self-FEXT cancellation (vectoring) for use with VDSL2 transceivers" (2010), also known as G.vector, describes vectoring for VDSL2. The scope of Recommendation ITU-T G.993.5 is specifically limited to the self-FEXT (far-end crosstalk) cancellation in the downstream and upstream directions. The far end crosstalk (FEXT) generated by a group of near-end transceivers and interfering with the far-end transceivers of that same group is cancelled. This cancellation takes place between VDSL2 transceivers, not necessarily of the same profile.[13][14]
The American company CenturyLink is currently undergoing an extensive vectoring project for the continental United States; a several-year project started in spring 2016.[15]
Although technically feasible, at the moment vectoring is incompatible with local-loop unbundling, but future standard amendments could bring a solution.
See also
- FS-VDSL
- List of device bit rates
- List of VDSL and VDSL2 deployments
References
^ "ITU-T Recommendation G.993.1: Very high speed digital subscriber line transceivers (VDSL)". Retrieved 24 July 2016..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ abc "ITU-T Recommendation G.993.2: Very high speed digital subscriber line transceivers 2 (VDSL2)". Retrieved 24 July 2016.
^ "VDSL Speed". HowStuffWorks.
^ "G.993.1 (06/04)". ITU.
^ ab "New ITU Standard Delivers 10x ADSL Speeds: Vendors applaud landmark agreement on VDSL2". News release. International Telecommunication Union. 27 May 2005. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
^ "Tyrone Fabrication Ltd, Eircom VDSL". Retrieved 8 March 2012.
^ Broadband Forum (2016-07-01). "TR-348 Hybrid Access Broadband Network Architecture" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-07-01.
^ ab Keith Russell; Paul Spruyt; Stefaan Vanhastel (16 October 2014). "Vplus gets more out of VDSL2 vectoring". Alcatel-Lucent. Archived from the original on 25 July 2015.
^ https://www.itu.int/ITU-T/worksem/asna/presentations/Session_6/asna_0604_s6_p4_palm.pdf
^ https://www.itu.int/rec/dologin_pub.asp?lang=s&id=T-REC-G.993.1-200406-I!!PDF-E&type=items
^ http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.993.2-201112-I/en
^ https://www.asus.com/Networking/DSL-AC88U/specifications/
^ tsbmail (2013-06-14). "G.993.5 : Self-FEXT cancellation (vectoring) for use with VDSL2 transceivers". Itu.int. Retrieved 2013-07-04.
^ http://www.ericsson.com/res/thecompany/docs/journal_conference_papers/broadband_and_transport/itu-ts_new_g_vector_standard_proliferates_100mbs_dsl.pdf
^ "CenturyLink plans to reach 14M households with 100 Mbps over copper via vectoring | FierceTelecom". www.fiercetelecom.com. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
External links
- InterOperability Laboratory: Knowledge Base
- InterOperability Laboratory: DSL Testing Services Equipment
DSL at Curlie
