Ma Chu
Chu .mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal} 楚 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 907–951 | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
| Capital | Changsha | ||||||||
| Common languages | Middle Chinese | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| Prince/King | |||||||||
• 907–930 | Ma Yin | ||||||||
• 950–951 | Ma Xichong | ||||||||
| Historical era | Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period | ||||||||
• Became the State | 907 | ||||||||
• establishment of the Kingdom | 927 | ||||||||
• Ended by Southern Tang | 951 | ||||||||
| Currency | Silk, Cash coins (Iron) | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Chu (Chinese: 楚; pinyin: Chǔ), often referred to as Ma Chu (马楚) or Southern Chu (南楚) to distinguish it from other historical states called Chu, was a kingdom in south China during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (907–960). It existed from 907 to 951.
Contents
1 Founding
2 Territories
3 Economy
4 Fall of Chu
5 Rulers
6 Ma rulers family tree
7 Notes
8 References
Founding
Ma Yin was named regional governor by the Tang court in 896 after fighting against a rebel named Yang Xingmi. He declared himself as the Prince of Chu with the fall of the Tang Dynasty in 907. Ma’s position as Prince of Chu was confirmed by the Later Tang in the north in 927 and was given the posthumous title of King Wumu of Chu.
Territories
The capital of the Chu Kingdom was Changsha (Tanzhou).[1] Present-day Hunan and northeastern Guangxi were under the control of the kingdom.
Economy
Chu was peaceful and prosperous under Ma Yin's rule, exporting horses, silk and tea. Silk and lead coinage were often used as currency, particularly with external communities which would not accept other coinage of the land. Taxation was low for the peasantry and merchants.
Fall of Chu
After Ma Yin died the leadership was subject to struggle and conflict which resulted in the fall of the kingdom. The Southern Tang, fresh from its conquest of the Min Kingdom, took advantage and conquered the kingdom in 951. The ruling family was removed to the Southern Tang capital of Jinling. However, the following year, Chu generals rose against Southern Tang and expelled the Southern Tang expeditionary force, leaving the former Chu territory to be ruled by several of those generals called Wuping Jiedushi in succession until 963, when the territory was seized by Song Dynasty. During these post-Chu years of de facto independence, the center of power was usually at Lang Prefecture (朗州, in modern Changde, Hunan).
Rulers
| Temple Names ( Miao Hao 廟號; miaò haò) | Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號 ) | Personal Names | Period of Reigns | Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Did not exist | Wǔmù Wáng 武穆王 | Mǎ Yīn 馬殷 | 907–930 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | None (commonly known as Prince of Hengyang (衡陽王; Héngyáng Wáng)) | Mǎ Xīshēng 馬希聲 | 930–932 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | Wénzhāo Wáng 文昭王 | Mǎ Xīfàn 馬希範 | 932–947 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | None (commonly known as Deposed Prince (廢王; Fèi Wáng)) | Mǎ Xīguǎng 馬希廣 | 947–951 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | Gōngxìao Wáng 恭孝王 | Mǎ Xī'è 馬希萼 | 951 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | Did not exist | Mǎ Xīchóng 馬希崇 | 951 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | Did not exist | Líu Yán 劉言 | 951–953 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | Did not exist | Wáng Kúi 王逵 | 953–956 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | Did not exist | Zhōu Xíngféng 周行逢 | 956–962 | Did not exist |
| Did not exist | Did not exist | Zhōu Bǎoquán 周保權 | 962–963 | Did not exist |
Ma rulers family tree
| Ma rulers family tree | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Notes
^ New History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 66 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2007-04-20.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link) .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.
References
Mote, F.W. (1999). Imperial China (900-1800). Harvard University Press. p. 15. ISBN 0-674-01212-7.
"Chu 楚". The Ten Kingdoms. Retrieved 12 April 2005.
