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Hematology, also spelled haematology, is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood.^[1] It involves treating diseases that affect the production of blood and its components, such as blood cells, hemoglobin, blood proteins, bone marrow, platelets, blood vessels, spleen, and the mechanism of coagulation. Such diseases might include hemophilia, blood clots, other bleeding disorders and blood cancers such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. The laboratory work that goes into the study of blood is frequently performed by a medical technologist or medical laboratory scientist. Many hematologists work as hematologist-oncologists, also providing medical treatment for all types of cancer. The term is from the Greek αἷμα, haima meaning "blood," and -λoγία meaning study.

Specialization

Physicians specialized in hematology are known as hematologists or haematologists. Their routine work mainly includes the care and treatment of patients with hematological diseases, although some may also work at the hematology laboratory viewing blood films and bone marrow slides under the microscope, interpreting various hematological test results and blood clotting test results. In some institutions, hematologists also manage the hematology laboratory. Physicians who work in hematology laboratories, and most commonly manage them, are pathologists specialized in the diagnosis of hematological diseases, referred to as hematopathologists or haematopathologists. Hematologists and hematopathologists generally work in conjunction to formulate a diagnosis and deliver the most appropriate therapy if needed. Hematology is a distinct subspecialty of internal medicine, separate from but overlapping with the subspecialty of medical oncology. Hematologists may specialize further or have special interests, for example, in:

• treating bleeding disorders such as hemophilia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
  


• treating hematological malignancies such as lymphoma and leukemia (cancers)


• treating hemoglobinopathies
  


• the science of blood transfusion and the work of a blood bank
  


• bone marrow and stem cell transplantation
  

Training

Starting hematologists complete a four-year medical degree followed by three or four more years in residency or internship programs. After completion, they further expand their knowledge by spending two or three more years learning how to experiment, diagnose, and treat blood disorders. When applying for this career, most job openings look for first-hand practical experience in a recognized training program that provides practice in the following: Cause of abnormalities in formation of blood and other disorders, diagnosis of numerous blood related conditions or cancers using experimentation, and the proper care and treatment of patients in the best manner.

Scope

• 
  Blood
  
  
  
  • Venous blood
  
  
  • Venipuncture
  
  
  • Hematopoiesis
  
  
  • Blood tests
  
  
  • Cord blood
  
  
  
  


• 
  Red blood cells
  
  
  
  • Erythropoiesis
  
  
  • Erythropoietin
  
  
  • Iron metabolism
  
  
  • Hemoglobin
  
  
  • Glycolysis
  
  
  • Pentose phosphate pathway
  
  
  
  


• White blood cells


• Platelets


• 
  Reticuloendothelial system
  
  
  
  • Bone marrow
  
  
  • Spleen
  
  
  • Liver
  
  
  
  


• Lymphatic system


• 
  Blood transfusion
  
  
  
  • Blood plasma
  
  
  • Blood bank
  
  
  • Blood donors
  
  
  • Blood groups
  
  
  
  


• 
  Hemostasis
  
  
  
  • Coagulation
  
  
  • Vitamin K
  
  
  
  


• Complement system


• Immunoglobulins

(abnormality of the hemoglobin molecule or of the rate of hemoglobin synthesis)

• 
  Anemias (lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin)


• Hematological malignancies


• 
  Coagulopathies (disorders of bleeding and coagulation)


• Sickle Cell Anemia


• Thalassemia

References

• http://www.austincc.edu/mlt/clin1/hematology_review1.pdf


• http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Hematology.aspx

External links

• 
  Major milestones in history of hematology (PDF)