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Nano- (symbol n) is a unit prefix meaning "one billionth". Used primarily with the metric system, this prefix denotes a factor of 10⁻⁹ or 0.000000001. It is frequently encountered in science and electronics for prefixing units of time and length.

Examples:

One nanometer is about the length that a fingernail grows in one second.

Three gold atoms lined up are about one nanometer long.

If a toy marble were scaled down to one nanometer wide, Earth would scale to about one meter (3.3 feet) wide.^[1]

One nanosecond is about the time required for light to travel 30 cm in air, or 20 cm in an optical fiber.

The prefix derives from the Greek νᾶνος (Latin nanus), meaning "dwarf". The General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) officially endorsed the usage of nano as a standard prefix in 1960.

When used as a prefix for something other than a unit of measure (as for example in words like "nanoscience"), nano refers to nanotechnology, or means "on a scale of nanometres". See nanoscopic scale.

SI prefixes

Prefix		Base 1000	Base 10	Decimal	English word		Adoption^{[nb 1]}
Name	Symbol	Base 1000	Base 10	Decimal	Short scale	Long scale	Adoption^{[nb 1]}
yotta	Y	1000⁸	10²⁴	1000000000000000000000000	septillion	quadrillion	1991
zetta	Z	1000⁷	10²¹	1000000000000000000000	sextillion	trilliard	1991
exa	E	1000⁶	10¹⁸	1000000000000000000	quintillion	trillion	1975
peta	P	1000⁵	10¹⁵	1000000000000000	quadrillion	billiard	1975
tera	T	1000⁴	10¹²	1000000000000	trillion	billion	1960
giga	G	1000³	10⁹	1000000000	billion	milliard	1960
mega	M	1000²	10⁶	1000000	million		1873
kilo	k	1000¹	10³	1000	thousand		1795
hecto	h	1000^2/3	10²	100	hundred		1795
deca	da	1000^1/3	10¹	10	ten		1795
		1000⁰	10⁰	1	one		–
deci	d	1000^−1/3	10⁻¹	0.1	tenth		1795
centi	c	1000^−2/3	10⁻²	0.01	hundredth		1795
milli	m	1000⁻¹	10⁻³	0.001	thousandth		1795
micro	μ	1000⁻²	10⁻⁶	0.000001	millionth		1873
nano	n	1000⁻³	10⁻⁹	0.000000001	billionth	milliardth	1960
pico	p	1000⁻⁴	10⁻¹²	0.000000000001	trillionth	billionth	1960
femto	f	1000⁻⁵	10⁻¹⁵	0.000000000000001	quadrillionth	billiardth (Proposed)	1964
atto	a	1000⁻⁶	10⁻¹⁸	0.000000000000000001	quintillionth	trillionth	1964
zepto	z	1000⁻⁷	10⁻²¹	0.000000000000000000001	sextillionth	trilliardth	1991
yocto	y	1000⁻⁸	10⁻²⁴	0.000000000000000000000001	septillionth	quadrillionth	1991

^ Prefixes adopted before 1960 already existed before SI. 1873 was the introduction of the CGS system.

References

^ http://www.nano.gov/nanotech-101/what/nano-size

[2] Prefixes adopted before 1960 already existed before SI. 1873 was the introduction of the CGS system.

[1] ttp://www.nano.gov/nanotech-101/what/nano-size

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