Edward Kemp










Grosvenor Park, Chester


Edward Kemp (25 September 1817 – 1 March 1891) was an English landscape architect and an author. Together with Joseph Paxton and Edward Milner, Kemp became one of the leaders in the design of parks and gardens during the mid-Victorian era in England.[1]




Contents






  • 1 Biography


  • 2 Publications


  • 3 Works


  • 4 References





Biography


Kemp was born at Streatham, Surrey (now Lambeth), the son of Charles Kemp, a tailor, and his wife, Ann.[1] Nothing is known about his education or early career.[2] In the 1830s he worked with Edward Milner as a garden apprentice at Chatsworth House in Derbyshire under Joseph Paxton.[1] In 1841 Kemp was living back in Streatham, giving his occupation in the census of that year as "gardener". Around that time he was involved with botanical and gardening publications, including The Gardening Magazine. In August 1843 the Improvement Commissioners of Birkenhead appointed Paxton to plan and construct Birkenhead Park.[2] This was the first park to have been provided in Britain at public expense.[3][4] Paxton appointed Kemp to be superintendent of the park, and Kemp took up this post in September 1843 when he was aged 25. Paxton was responsible for the overall planning and design, while Kemp was involved with the day to day implementation of the plans. By the summer of 1845 Paxton's work was more or less complete, and he recommended to the Commissioners that Kemp be retained as superintendent and to be provided with a residence; this was accepted.[2]


In September 1845 Kemp took leave of absence to marry Sophia, daughter of Henry Bailey who had been park steward and gardener to the Spencer family at Althorp House. When Kemp returned to Birkenhead, his work was not fully occupying his time, and he became involved with planning a residential park estate, Carlett Park, at Eastham in the Wirral. The plans were not realised, and the Commissioners were unhappy that Kemp had become involved in private practice. Birkenhead Park was opened officially in April 1847, and in 1849 the Commissioners decided that a superintendent of parks was no longer required. However Kemp negotiated a settlement that he should work for no salary, but remain in his residence at Italian Lodge plus be given a small plot of land for him to cultivate for his needs. This was agreed, but Kemp had to find sources of income; this was to result in his becoming an author and a landscape gardener.[2]


Kemp's first recorded commission was in 1849 when he designed a rose garden for James Barratt on the grounds of Lymm Hall, Lymm, Cheshire. The following year he worked with the architect Charles Verelst to design the garden at Stanacres (now Thornton Court) in Raby. Also in 1850 came Kemp's first publication, How to Lay Out a Small Garden. Following this came a succession of garden designs and publications. In 1858 a second edition of his book was published (now entitled How to Lay Out a Garden) and, although he was still working for the park, the Commissioners reviewed the agreement to provide him with free accommodation. Kemp then agreed to build a house for himself adjoining the park, and he moved into this house (now 74 Park Road West) in 1860.[2]


Kemp's clients were mainly the newly rich, but he also gained commissions for the designs of parks and cemeteries. These included Flaybrick Hill Cemetery in Birkenhead, Grosvenor Park in Chester, Congleton Park in Congleton, and Queen's Park in Crewe.[2] Kemp's work influenced other garden designers, including Thomas Hayton Mawson, who designed Hanley Park in Stoke-on-Trent.[1] Kemp died at his home in Birkenhead Park in 1891 and was buried in Flaybrick Cemetery.[2] His estate amounted to nearly £10,500 (equivalent to £1,050,000 in 2016).[5][1]



Publications




  • Kemp, Edward (1850). How to Lay Out a Small Garden: intended as a general guide to amateurs in choosing, forming or improving and estate (from a quarter of an acre to thirty acres in extent), with reference to both design and execution (1st ed.). London: Bradbury and Evans. Retrieved 21 April 2013..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  • Kemp, Edward (1850). The Handbook of Gardening: for the use of all persons who possess a garden of limited extent. London: Bradbury and Evans. Retrieved 21 April 2013.


  • Kemp, Edward (1851). The Parks, Gardens, etc. of London and its Suburbs: described and illustrated for the guidance of strangers. London: John Weale. Retrieved 21 April 2013.


  • Kemp, Edward (1858). How to Lay Out a Garden: intended as a general guide in choosing, forming, or improving an estate (from a quarter of an acre to an hundred acres in extent), with reference to both design and execution (2nd ed.). London: Bradbury and Evans. Retrieved 21 April 2013.


  • Kemp, Edward (1862). Description of the Gardens at Biddulph Grange: abridged from the account published in the Gardeners' Chronicle in the years 1857–62. London: Bradbury and Evans. Retrieved 21 April 2013.


  • Kemp, Edward (1864). How to Lay Out a Garden (3rd ed.). London: Bradbury and Evans.


  • Kemp, Edward (1911). Waugh, ed. Landscape Gardening, or How to Lay Out a Garden: Principles, Styles and Practical Considerations, from the author's everyday intercourse with gentlemen who are either laying out new grounds or are seeking to amend errors in design formerly committed (4th ed.). New York and London: John Wiley and Sons.
    [2]



Works






Map all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap 

Download coordinates as: KML · GPX

















Key to the Grades in the list
Grade
Criteria[6]

II*

Parks and gardens that are particularly important, of more than special interest

II

Parks and gardens of special interest, warranting every effort to preserve them






















































































































































































































































































List of the gardens and other works, locations, year of construction, and notes.
Name and
town or village
County and
coordinates
Photograph
Date
Notes and present state
Carlett Park
Eastham

Merseyside
53°19′13″N 2°57′42″W / 53.3202°N 2.9616°W / 53.3202; -2.9616 (Carlett Park)


1846
Plans were prepared for William Laird, but the development was never built.[2]
Lymm Hall
Lymm

Cheshire
53°22′47″N 2°28′35″W / 53.3798°N 2.4765°W / 53.3798; -2.4765 (Lymm Hall)


1849
This was Kemp's first completed commission, for James Barratt. It consisted of a flower (or rose) garden. Its present condition is unknown.[2][7][8]
Stanacres
Thornton Hough

Merseyside
53°19′02″N 3°02′01″W / 53.3171°N 3.0337°W / 53.3171; -3.0337 (Stanacres)


1850
Designed for Owen Jones, Liverpool timber merchant. Now Thornton Court. Its present condition is not known.[2][9]

Lytham Hall
Lytham St Annes

Lancashire
53°44′39″N 2°58′35″W / 53.7442°N 2.9765°W / 53.7442; -2.9765 (Lytham Hall)

Lytham Hall.jpg
c. 1850
Laid out the drive.[10]
Limegrove
Chester

Cheshire
53°11′18″N 2°52′49″W / 53.1882°N 2.8803°W / 53.1882; -2.8803 (Limegrove)


1853
Designed for Robert Frost, Chester flour miller, in Lower Park Road, Queen's Park, Chester, next door to Redcliff (now Lindengrove). The present state is not known.[2]
Redcliff
Chester

Cheshire
53°11′18″N 2°52′49″W / 53.1882°N 2.8803°W / 53.1882; -2.8803 (Redcliff)


1853
Designed for Thomas Gibbons Frost, Chester flour miller, in Lower Park Road, Queen's Park, Chester, next door to Limegrove. The present state is not known.[2]

Halton Grange
Runcorn

Cheshire
53°19′59″N 2°43′19″W / 53.3330°N 2.7219°W / 53.3330; -2.7219 (Halton Grange)

Halton Grange, Runcorn.jpg
1853–54
Designed for Thomas Johnson, soap and alkali manufacturer of John & Thomas Johnson. Now a public park adjacent to Runcorn Town Hall. Most of the garden as planned by Kemp has been destroyed.[2][11]

Capernwray Hall
Carnforth

Lancashire
54°08′34″N 2°41′47″W / 54.1427°N 2.6965°W / 54.1427; -2.6965 (Capernwray Hall)

Capernwray Hall.jpg
1855
For the Marton family.[12][13]

Park Place
Frodsham

Cheshire
53°17′33″N 2°43′48″W / 53.2924°N 2.7300°W / 53.2924; -2.7300 (Park Place)


1855
Commissioned by Joseph Stubs, a manufacturer of engineers' tools in Warrington. The house was later known as Castle Park and the gardens are a public park. The essential elements of Kemp's design are still present.[2][14][15]

Norley Hall
Norley

Cheshire
53°15′08″N 2°39′14″W / 53.2522°N 2.6540°W / 53.2522; -2.6540 (Norley Hall)


1855–56
For Samuel Woodhouse. Present condition not known.[2]
Mollington Banastre
Mollington

Cheshire
53°12′59″N 2°55′07″W / 53.2165°N 2.9185°W / 53.2165; -2.9185 (Mollington Banastre)


1856
For Philip Stapleton Humberston, Mayor of Chester and Member of Parliament for Chester. The house is currently a hotel, and at least some of the garden remains.[2][16]
Agden Hall
Agden

Cheshire
53°21′55″N 2°25′46″W / 53.3653°N 2.4295°W / 53.3653; -2.4295 (Agden Hall)


c. 1856
For Thomas Sebastian Bazley. No further details known.[2]
Glan Aber
Hough Green,
Chester

Cheshire
53°10′37″N 2°55′38″W / 53.1770°N 2.9273°W / 53.1770; -2.9273 (Glan Aber)


c.1857
For Enoch Robert Gibbon Salisbury. No further details known.[2]
St Helens Cemetery
St Helens

Merseyside
53°28′02″N 2°45′44″W / 53.4673°N 2.7621°W / 53.4673; -2.7621 (St Helens Cemetery)

St Helens cemetery - geograph.org.uk - 1823598.jpg
1858
For St Helens Burial Board.[17]
Foxdale
Bunbury

Cheshire
53°07′06″N 2°38′45″W / 53.1183°N 2.6459°W / 53.1183; -2.6459 (Foxdale)


1860
For William Boulton Aspinall.. No further details known.[2]
Waterloo House
Runcorn

Cheshire
53°20′32″N 2°44′15″W / 53.3422°N 2.7376°W / 53.3422; -2.7376 (Waterloo House)

Waterloo House, Runcorn.jpg
1860
For Charles Hazlehurst, soap and alkali manufacturer of Hazlehurst & Sons. Now built up.[2]

Anfield Cemetery
Liverpool

Merseyside
53°26′20″N 2°57′29″W / 53.439°N 2.958°W / 53.439; -2.958 (Anfield Cemetery)

Anfield Cemetery Feb 11 2010 (12).jpg
1863
For Liverpool Burial Board. Still functioning as a cemetery.[2][18][19] It is listed Grade II*.[20] It is on the Heritage at Risk Register.[21]

Pyrgo Park
Havering-atte-Bower

Greater London
51°37′10″N 0°11′56″W / 51.6195°N 0.1990°W / 51.6195; -0.1990 (Pyrgo Park)

Havering atte Bower Pyrgo Park.jpg

1863
For Joseph Bray. Now a public park.[22]

Flaybrick Cemetery
Birkenhead

Merseyside
53°24′00″N 3°03′54″W / 53.400°N 3.065°W / 53.400; -3.065 (Flaybrick Cemetery)

Flaybrick Chapel - geograph.org.uk - 1405238.jpg

1864
For Birkenhead's Improvement Commissioners. Still functioning as a cemetery.[2][23][24] It is listed Grade II*.[25]
Southport Cemetery
Southport

Merseyside
53°38′06″N 2°59′52″W / 53.6351°N 2.9978°W / 53.6351; -2.9978 (Southport Cemetery)

Duke Street Cemetery - geograph.org.uk - 1533821.jpg
1865
Still in use as a cemetery.[26]

Grosvenor Park Chester

Cheshire
53°11′26″N 2°52′53″W / 53.1905°N 2.8815°W / 53.1905; -2.8815 (Grosvenor Park, Chester)

ChesterGrosvPark1.JPG
1867
The land and the design of the park were paid for by Richard Grosvenor, 2nd Marquess of Westminster. Still open as a public park. It is listed Grade II.[2][27][28][29]

Newsham Park
Liverpool

Merseyside
53°25′08″N 2°56′24″W / 53.419°N 2.940°W / 53.419; -2.940 (Newsham Park)

Newsham Park 006.jpg
1868
Designed for the Liverpool Improvement Committee. It continues in use as a public park and had been designated Grade II.[30][31] The park is on the Heritage at Risk Register.[32]

Hesketh Park
Southport

Merseyside
53°39′22″N 2°59′17″W / 53.6562°N 2.9880°W / 53.6562; -2.9880 (Hesketh Park)

Plants, Hesketh Park 2.JPG
1868
For the Southport Improvement Commissioners, possibly assisted by Joseph Paxton. It is still used a public park and is designated Grade II.[33][34][35][36]

Stanley Park
Liverpool

Merseyside
53°26′07″N 2°57′48″W / 53.4353°N 2.9633°W / 53.4353; -2.9633 (Stanley Park)

Stanley Park Feb 11 2010 (10).jpg
1870
For Liverpool Corporation. Designated Grade II.[37][38]
Congleton Park
Congleton

Cheshire
53°10′00″N 2°12′28″W / 53.1666°N 2.2079°W / 53.1666; -2.2079 (Congleton Park)

Jubilee Pavilion, Congleton Park - geograph.org.uk - 1477190.jpg

1871
Designed with William Blackshaw, the town surveyor, for the town council. It is still open as a public park, and has been designated at Grade II.[2][39][40]
Massey Hall
Thelwall

Cheshire
53°22′37″N 2°30′59″W / 53.3770°N 2.5165°W / 53.3770; -2.5165 (Massey Hall)


1874
Designed for Peter Rylands, MP for Warrington, and a member of a family running a wire-drawing works. The garden remains much as it was when Kemp designed it.[2]

Saltwell Park
Gateshead

Tyne and Wear
54°56′42″N 1°36′22″W / 54.945°N 1.606°W / 54.945; -1.606 (Saltwell Park)

Saltwell Park - geograph.org.uk - 70763.jpg
1876
Designed for Gateshead Council. It continues in use as a public park and is designated at Grade II.[41]

Queen's Park, Crewe

Cheshire
53°05′49″N 2°28′12″W / 53.097°N 2.470°W / 53.097; -2.470 (Queen's Park, Crewe)

Lake at Queen's Park, Crewe - geograph.org.uk - 247623.jpg
1888
Designed for Crewe Municipal Borough Council, following negotiations by Francis Webb with the London and North Western Railway to donate the land. The park is still in public use and is designated as Grade II.[2][42][43]
Underscar
Applethwaite

Cumbria
54°37′13″N 3°07′54″W / 54.6202°N 3.1317°W / 54.6202; -3.1317 (Underscar)

Underscar Hotel - geograph.org.uk - 81151.jpg
Unknown
Now the grounds of a hotel.[44]
Shendish
Apsley

Hertfordshire
51°43′42″N 0°28′16″W / 51.7284°N 0.4711°W / 51.7284; -0.4711 (Shendish)

Shendish Manor - geograph.org.uk - 1513395.jpg
Unknown
Now the grounds of a hotel. Kemp's design has more or less survived.[45]
Dibbinsdale Bank
Allport Road
Bromborough

Merseyside
53°19′22″N 2°58′52″W / 53.3229°N 2.9812°W / 53.3229; -2.9812 (Dibbinsdale Bank)


Unknown
For George Whitley. No further details known.[2]
Lead Works
Egerton Street
Chester

Cheshire
53°11′42″N 2°53′03″W / 53.1949°N 2.8842°W / 53.1949; -2.8842 (Lead Works, Chester)


Unknown
For Edward Walker. No further details known.[2]

Daylesford House
Daylesford

Gloucestershire
51°56′09″N 1°37′54″W / 51.9358°N 1.6316°W / 51.9358; -1.6316 (Daylesford House)

Daylesford House - geograph.org.uk - 1951512.jpg
Unknown
Kemp designed the terrace garden.[46]
Ledsham Hall
Ledsham

Cheshire
53°15′45″N 2°57′52″W / 53.2625°N 2.9645°W / 53.2625; -2.9645 (Ledsham Hall)


Unknown
No further details known.[2]
Residence
(details unknown)
Newton, Chester

Cheshire
53°12′37″N 2°52′03″W / 53.2102°N 2.8674°W / 53.2102; -2.8674 (Newton residence)


Unknown
For James Ball. No further details known.[2]
Bank House
Runcorn

Cheshire
53°20′27″N 2°44′05″W / 53.3409°N 2.7347°W / 53.3409; -2.7347 (Bank House)

Bank House Runcorn.jpg
Unknown
Designed for John Johnson, soap and alkali manufacturer of John & Thomas Johnson. Only a small portion still remains.[2]

Knightshayes Court
Tiverton

Devon
50°55′34″N 3°28′52″W / 50.9260°N 3.4811°W / 50.9260; -3.4811 (Knightshayes Court)

Knightshayes Garden Pond.jpg
Unknown
Features designed by Kemp include the terraced gardens, an American Garden, and the kitchen garden.[47]

Leighton Hall
Welshpool

Powys
52°38′02″N 3°07′17″W / 52.6338°N 3.1215°W / 52.6338; -3.1215 (Leighton Hall)

Lodge and drive to Leighton Hall - geograph.org.uk - 252085.jpg
Unknown
For John Naylor.[48][49]


References


Citations





  1. ^ abcde Waymark, Janet (May 2009) 'Kemp, Edward (1817–1891)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Retrieved on 14 December 2010. (subscription or UK public library membership required)


  2. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeaf Davey, Elizabeth (2010), ""A Complete and Constant Superintendence": The Cheshire Parks and Gardens of Edward Kemp (1817–1891)", Cheshire History, Cheshire Local History Association (50), pp. 71–99, ISSN 0141-8696


  3. ^ Pevsner & Hubbard 2003, p. 91.


  4. ^ Green Flag Parks and Open Spaces, Wirral Council, archived from the original on 12 August 2013, retrieved 14 December 2010


  5. ^ UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 6 November 2017.


  6. ^ The Register of Parks and Gardens (PDF), English Heritage, p. 3, retrieved 19 December 2010


  7. ^ Pevsner & Hubbard 2003, p. 264.


  8. ^ Lymm Hall, Flower Garden, Lymm, Warrington, Cheshire, England, Parks and Gardens Data Services, archived from the original on 2 October 2011, retrieved 16 December 2010


  9. ^ Pevsner & Hubbard 2003, p. 318.


  10. ^ Hartwell & Pevsner 2009, p. 438.


  11. ^ Anon (1990), Runcorn Town Hall: A History and Description, Halton Borough Council


  12. ^ Hartwell & Pevsner 2009, pp. 201–202.


  13. ^ Capernwray Hall, Carnforth, England, Parks and Gardens Data Services, archived from the original on 26 March 2012, retrieved 18 December 2010


  14. ^ Castle Park, Frodsham, Chester, England, Parks and Gardens Data Services, archived from the original on 26 March 2012, retrieved 16 December 2010


  15. ^ Hawkin, W. R.; Duncan, N. (1989), Discovering Castle Park, Frodsham: The Frodsham & District Local History Group


  16. ^ Mollington Banastre Hotel and Spa, Mollington Banastre Hotel and Spa, archived from the original on 7 August 2009, retrieved 17 December 2010


  17. ^ St Helens Borough Cemetery, (also known as Borough Cemetery, Windleshaw Cemetery and St Helen's Cemetery), Merseyside, England, Parks and Gardens Data Services, archived from the original on 26 March 2012, retrieved 18 December 2010


  18. ^ Pollard & Pevsner 2006, pp. 76, 250–251, 394–395.


  19. ^ Anfield Cemetery, Martin Doherty, retrieved 17 December 2010


  20. ^ Anfield Cemetery, (also known as Liverpool Cemetery), Liverpool, England, Parks and Gardens Data Services, archived from the original on 26 March 2012, retrieved 17 December 2010


  21. ^ Anfield Cemetery, Anfield, Liverpool, English Heritage, retrieved 17 December 2010
    [permanent dead link]



  22. ^ Pyrgo Park, Lost Heritage, archived from the original on 31 May 2010, retrieved 17 December 2010


  23. ^ Flaybrick Memorial Gardens, Flaybrick Cemetery, retrieved 16 December 2010


  24. ^ Pevsner & Hubbard 2003, p. 95.


  25. ^ Flaybrick Memorial Gardens, Birkenhead, (also known as Flaybrick Cemetery and Birkenhead Cemetery), Wirral, England, Parks and Gardens Data Services, archived from the original on 26 March 2012, retrieved 17 December 2010


  26. ^ Hartwell & Pevsner 2009, p. 626.


  27. ^ Information Sheet: Grosvenor Park, Cheshire West and Chester, archived from the original on 16 July 2011, retrieved 18 December 2010


  28. ^ Grosvenor Park, Chester, Chester, England, Parks and Gardens Data Services, archived from the original on 26 March 2012, retrieved 18 December 2010


  29. ^ Pevsner & Hubbard 2003, p. 160.


  30. ^ Pollard & Pevsner 2006, pp. 250, 426.


  31. ^ Newsham Park, Liverpool City Council, archived from the original on 12 January 2010, retrieved 18 December 2010


  32. ^ Newsham Park, Liverpool, Merseyside, English Heritage, retrieved 18 December 2010
    [permanent dead link]



  33. ^ Hartwell & Pevsner 2009, pp. 50, 629.


  34. ^ Hesketh Park, Southport, Merseyside, England, Parks and Gardens Data Services, archived from the original on 26 March 2012, retrieved 18 December 2010


  35. ^ Hesketh Park Southport, Sefton Council, retrieved 18 December 2010


  36. ^ Hartwell & Pevsner 2009, p. 629.


  37. ^ Pollard & Pevsner 2006, pp. 250, 395–397.


  38. ^ Stanley Park, Anfield, Liverpool, England, Parks and Gardens Data Services, archived from the original on 26 March 2012, retrieved 18 December 2010


  39. ^ Congleton Park, Congleton Town Council, archived from the original on 8 October 2011, retrieved 18 December 2010


  40. ^ Congleton Park, Congleton, England, Parks and Gardens Data Services, archived from the original on 26 March 2012, retrieved 18 December 2010


  41. ^ Saltwell Park, (also known as People's Park), Gateshead, England, Parks and Gardens Data Services, archived from the original on 26 March 2012, retrieved 18 December 2010


  42. ^ Welcome to Queen's Park, Crewe, Queen's Park, Crewe, retrieved 18 December 2010


  43. ^ Queen's Park, Crewe, Stoke-on-Trent, England, Parks and Gardens Data Services, archived from the original on 26 March 2012, retrieved 18 December 2010


  44. ^ Underscar Hotel, Garden Visit, retrieved 19 December 2010


  45. ^ Shendish, Garden Visit, retrieved 19 December 2010


  46. ^ Daylesford House, Moreton-In-Marsh, England, Parks and Gardens Data Services, archived from the original on 15 March 2012, retrieved 18 December 2010


  47. ^ Knightshayes Court, Tiverton, England, Parks and Gardens Data Services, archived from the original on 30 December 2010, retrieved 18 December 2010


  48. ^ Leighton Hall, Welshpool, Welshpool, Wales, Parks and Gardens Data Services, archived from the original on 31 December 2010, retrieved 18 December 2010


  49. ^ Leighton Hall – A History, BBC, archived from the original on 6 October 2011, retrieved 18 December 2010



Sources




  • Hartwell, Clare; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2009) [1969], Lancashire: North, The Buildings of England, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-12667-9


  • Pevsner, Nikolaus; Hubbard, Edward (2003) [1971], Cheshire, The Buildings of England, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-09588-0


  • Pollard, Richard; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2006), Lancashire: Liverpool and the South-West, The Buildings of England, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-10910-5









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