Greater Middle East





























Greater Middle East

Greater Middle East (orthographic projection).svg

     Traditional definition of the Middle East     Greater Middle East (according to the second Bush administration)     Areas sometimes associated with the Middle East (sociopolitical connections)

Population ~1 billion
Countries
Languages
Time Zones
UTC+0, UTC+1, UTC+2:00, UTC+3:00, UTC+3:30, UTC+4:00, UTC+4:30, UTC+5, UTC+6
Largest Cities


  • Pakistan Karachi


  • Egypt Cairo


  • Iran Tehran


  • Turkey Istanbul


  • Pakistan Lahore

The Greater Middle East is a political term, introduced in the early 2000s, denoting a set of contiguously connected countries stretching from Morocco in the west all the way to Pakistan in the east.[1] Various countries of Central Asia are sometimes also included. According to Andrew Bacevich in his book America's war for the Greater Middle East (2016), the career soldier and Professor Emeritus at Boston University states that this region is the theatre for a series of conflicts dating back to 1980, which heralded the start of the Iran–Iraq War. Since then, the U.S. has been involved in balancing conflicts amongst these culturally interconnected nations in order to further its interests in the region. The Greater Middle East is sometimes referred to as "The New Middle East",[2] or "The Great Middle East Project".[3][4]


This term was more clearly defined to denote a specific region in the U.S. administration's preparatory work for the G8 summit of 2004[5] as part of a proposal for sweeping change in the way the West deals with the Middle East.


Former U.S. National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski stated that a "political awakening" is taking place in this region which may be an indicator of the multi-polar world that is now developing. He alluded to the Greater Middle East as the "Global Balkans", and as a control lever on an area he refers to as Eurasia.[6]




Contents






  • 1 Countries and territories


  • 2 Countries sometimes included


  • 3 See also


  • 4 References


  • 5 External links





Countries and territories




  •  Afghanistan


  •  Algeria


  •  Bahrain


  •  Cyprus


  •  Djibouti


  •  Egypt


  •  Iran


  •  Iraq


  •  Israel


  •  Jordan


  •  Kuwait


  •  Lebanon


  •  Libya


  •  Mauritania


  •  Morocco

  •  Northern Cyprus


  •  Oman


  •  Pakistan


  •  Palestine (UN observer state)


  •  Qatar


  •  Saudi Arabia


  •  Somalia


  •  Sudan


  •  Syria


  •  Tunisia


  •  Turkey


  •  United Arab Emirates


  •  Western Sahara (Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic)


  •  Yemen



Countries sometimes included




  •  Armenia


  •  Azerbaijan


  •  Georgia


  •  Kazakhstan


  •  Kyrgyzstan


  •  Tajikistan


  •  Turkmenistan


  •  Uzbekistan


[7]



See also



  • Muslim world

  • MENA

  • Project for the New American Century

  • Sykes-Picot

  • The Grand Chessboard

  • Arab world

  • The Great Game

  • Islamic world





References





  1. ^ Ottaway, Marina & Carothers, Thomas (2004-03-29), The Greater Middle East Initiative: Off to a False Start, Policy Brief, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 29, Pages 1-7


  2. ^ Nazemroaya, Mahdi Darius (2006-11-18). "Plans for Redrawing the Middle East: The Project for a "New Middle East"". Global Research. Retrieved 2008-08-21..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  3. ^ “Great Middle East Project” Conference by Prof. Dr. Mahir Kaynak and Ast.Prof. Dr. Emin Gürses in SAU


  4. ^ Turkish Emek Political Parties


  5. ^ Perthes, V., 2004, America's "Greater Middle East" and Europe: Key Issues for Dialogue Archived 2008-11-15 at the Wayback Machine., Middle East Policy, Volume XI, No.3, Pages 85-97.


  6. ^ Zbigniew Brzezinski, "The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geo-strategic Imperatives"[page needed] Cited in (Nazemroaya, 2006).


  7. ^ Source: "America's War on the Greater Middle East, Andrew Bacevich (2016)"




External links







  • "Greater Middle East: The US plan"

  • "The Greater Middle East Initiative: Sea Island and Beyond (U.S. Senate)"

  • "Blood Borders: How a better Middle East would look"

  • A legacy of U.S. military failure in the Middle East over the past three decades"










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