Sumo languages




































Sumo
Sumu
Native to
Nicaragua, Honduras
Region Huaspuc River and its tributaries
Ethnicity Sumo people
Native speakers
 9,000 (1997–2009)[1]
Language family

Misumalpan

  • Sumalpan
    • Sumo
Language codes
ISO 639-3
sum – inclusive code
Individual codes:
yan – Mayangna
ulw – Ulwa
Glottolog
sumu1234[2]

Sumo (also known as Sumu) is the collective name for a group of Misumalpan languages spoken in Nicaragua and Honduras. Hale & Salamanca (2001) classify the Sumu languages into a northern Mayangna, composed of the Tawahka and Panamahka dialects, and southern Ulwa. Sumu specialist Ken Hale considered the differences between Ulwa and Mayangna in both vocabulary and morphology to be so considerable that he prefers to speak of Ulwa as a language distinct from the northern Sumu varieties.




Contents






  • 1 Phonology


    • 1.1 Consonants


    • 1.2 Vowels




  • 2 Sources


  • 3 References





Phonology



Consonants
Labial
Alveolar
Velar

plain
lateral

Nasal
voiceless
m̥
n̥

ŋ̥

voiced
m
n

ŋ

Stop
voiceless
p
t

k

voiced
b
d


Fricative
s

ɬ
x

Approximant
w
ɥ
l

Trill
voiceless

r̥


voiced

r



Vowels
Front
Back

short
long
short
long

Close
i
 iː
ɯ
 ɯː

Open
a
 aː



Sources


  • Hale, Ken, and Danilo Salamanca (2001) "Theoretical and Universal Implications of Certain Verbal Entries in Dictionaries of the Misumalpan Languages", in Frawley, Hill & Munro eds. Making Dictionaries: Preserving indigenous Languages of the Americas. University of California Press.


References





  1. ^ Sumo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
    Mayangna at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
    Ulwa at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)


  2. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Sumuic". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}










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