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The Tournament of Champions (TOC) is a national high school debate tournament held at the University of Kentucky every year on the last weekend in April. The Tournament is considered the national championship of the “National Circuit,” with debaters having to apply to compete. It is considered one of the most prestigious and competitive American high school debate tournaments.^{[citation needed]} The tournament uses a bid system, in which placing high enough in certain nationally or regionally respected tournaments earns debaters a bid, with at least 2 bids needed to compete. Some popular bid tournaments include Greenhill (TX), Harvard (MA), and Harvard-Westlake (CA). In addition to attaining 2 bids, competitors can automatically qualify by placing high enough at last year’s Tournament of Champions (or one of the two other national tournaments). Or, they may be accepted as an "at large entry", where they must apply to receive a bid after the season finishes.

The tournament was created by Dr. J.W. Patterson, the former director of debate at the University of Kentucky. Incepted in 1972, it serves as the pinnacle of high school debate, allowing the best debaters in the United States to compete without other, less experienced debaters affecting the rankings. Judges at the Tournament of Champions are all qualified, with none of the "lay" or "parent" judges commonly found at other tournaments. The Tournament currently holds competition in policy debate, Lincoln–Douglas debate, public forum debate, and Congressional Debate.

The Tournament of Champions is run independently by the University of Kentucky, however, it does use the rules and regulations provided by the National Speech and Debate Association (NSDA).

History

Origins

The Tournament of Champions was developed by J.W. Patterson, who has since performed the duties of tournament host. Patterson's previously had coaching high school policy debate at Muskogee Central High School in Oklahoma before joining the University of Kentucky^[1] However, when considering the need for another national championship tournament, he came to the conclusion that the major national tournaments in the early 1970s had three major problems: Quality of judges, internal politics and long lag times.^[1] Thus, Patterson created the tournament with the hope that his competition would redress the issues with other national championships.

In its first competition, the 1972 Tournament of Champions was received by highly regarded policy debate teams positively.^[1]

Advisory Committee

After the first eight tournaments, Patterson recognized that the "national circuit" influence of the tournament required that the event adapt. Consequently, Patterson began to formalize a system of "Tournament of Champions Advisory Committees", encouraging coaches to give feedback and suggestions.^[1] However, while the committee informally began in 1980, official formal committees were not established until 1990.^[1]

Addition of Lincoln-Douglas Debate

Another major development in the Tournament of Champions' structure was the addition of Lincoln Douglas Debate. "LD" first appeared at the National Forensic League National Championship in 1980, but was not included in the TOC until 1986. Despite Patterson's efforts to include the event as early as 1983, strong opposition from the Advisory Committee prevented Patterson from adding Lincoln-Douglas.^[1]

Addition of Public Forum Debate

The next event added to annual Tournament of Champions competition was Public Forum Debate. However, unlike Lincoln-Douglas Debate which boasted support by its proponents for inclusion into the Tournament of Champions, Public Forum Debate faced strong opposition against joining TOC competition from supporters and opponents of the event alike. However, it was introduced in 2004, but took place as a round robin unlike its peer events. In 2007, the round robin format was abolished^{[citation needed]}

Addition of Congressional Debate

Beginning with the 2004-2005 school year, Congressional Debate was added to the TOC after three years as an independent event. Notable champions include Gregory Bernstein, who was the first and only competitor to win the tournament twice (doing so in 2012 and 2013) ^[2] and Will Mascaro, who won by the largest margin since the event was added.^{[citation needed]}

Addition of Speech Events

In 2012, the TOC added two Speech Round Robins—in Extemporaneous Speaking and Original Oratory. In 2012 and 2013, admission to the Round Robins was by application. For 2013-2014, invitations to compete in the two Round Robins will be extended to the finalists of a number of strong national and regional tournaments; the champions of select other tournaments will be invited to compete.

From 2015, all finalists at 49 tournaments around the country will be automatically invited to compete at the 2015 TOC; in addition, all semifinalists and finalists at the 2014 NSDA National Tournament who remain in high school are automatically invited.

Tournament procedure

Elimination procedure

In Lincoln-Douglas debate and policy debate, the TOC has six preliminary rounds and clears to octafinals. All entries with a 4-2 record have the opportunity to advance into the outrounds; as such, when more than sixteen entries have at least a 4-2 record, the Tournament of Champions holds the appropriate number of run-off rounds to determine which of the lower-seeded debaters will advance. For the first three years of its existence, the Public Forum division of the TOC was conducted in a Round Robin format.

Congressional Debate, which uses chambers and not rounds, employs the National Circuit standard way of advancing. Competitors are placed in chambers, where they debate for several hours with each other. The top number of competitors then go onto the next round. TOC has a semifinal round and a final round.

Lincoln-Douglas Debate debates the January–February National Speech and Debate Association topic. Public Forum Debate debates the April National Speech and Debate Association topic. Policy Debate teams debate that season's national high school topic.

The Main Building in the foreground and the Patterson Office Tower in the background.

Location

Since its inception, the Tournament of Champions has been held on the campus of the University of Kentucky and at other locations in Lexington, Kentucky near the campus.

Currently, preliminary rounds of Lincoln-Douglas, Policy, Public Forum, and Congress are held directly at the University of Kentucky. However, after competition on Saturday and Sunday, the tournament moves to a central location to conduct its annual "Breakfast of Champions" ceremony as well as the elimination rounds. Since the 2007 Tournament of Champions, the final day of competition has taken place in conference rooms at the Downtown Hilton in Lexington, Kentucky.

Other awards

Julia Burke award

The Julia Burke Award is presented each year, in memory of Julia Burke, a debater at The College Preparatory School who was killed in a car crash in 1998. The purpose of this award is to recognize a "policy debater who achieves competitive excellence in high school policy debate on the national circuit, and who demonstrates goodness of heart despite the pressures of competition at the highest level." The award is accompanied by a $1000 scholarship and $1000 to donate to the charity of the recipient's choice Nominations can be submitted by any debater attending the TOC. They are then narrowed to a list of three or four debaters by a selection committee chosen by the Julia Burke foundation. The winner is chosen by a vote of all the attendees and coaches at the TOC.

Tournament of Champions in popular culture

• The Tournament of Champions was both a prominent subject and setting for the 2007 HBO documentary Resolved. Director Greg Whiteley initially followed the Policy debate team of Sam Iola and Matt Andrews of Highland Park High School throughout their season until their loss in semifinals of the 2005 Tournament of Champions. After the defeat, Whiteley focuses the film's attention on the pursuit of qualifying to the tournament by the Long Beach Jordan team, which presents a kritik in an attempt to be successful and reform debate practices. While the film shifts focus to the Long Beach Jordan pair, it still makes mention near the end of the film that Matt Andrews (then with Greenhill School) won the 2006 TOC without losing a ballot, taking first place with a ballot record of 22-0 (the second team to do so, Pace Academy (Allen/Smith) being the first in 2002).^[3]
  

See also

• Lincoln Douglas Debate


• Policy Debate


• Public Forum Debate


• Congressional Debate

External links

• Tournament of Champions Web Page

References