Silvermont





































Silvermont
Model Atom
Transistors 22 nm transistors
Architecture
Silvermont x86
Instructions
MMX, AES-NI, CLMUL
Extensions


  • x86-64, Intel 64


  • SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4, SSE4.1, SSE4.2

  • VT-x

Predecessor
Bonnell
Saltwell
Successor Airmont (die shrink),
Goldmont (new microarchitecture)

Silvermont is a microarchitecture for low-power Atom, Celeron and Pentium branded processors used in systems on a chip (SoCs) made by Intel. Silvermont forms the basis for a total of four SoC families:[1]




  • Merrifield and Moorefield  – consumer SoCs intended for smartphones


  • Bay Trail – consumer SoCs aimed at tablets, hybrid devices, netbooks, nettops, and embedded/automotive systems


  • Avoton – SoCs for micro-servers and storage devices


  • Rangeley – SoCs targeting network and communication infrastructure.


Silvermont was announced to news media on May 6, 2013 at Intel's headquarters at Santa Clara, California.[2][3] Intel had repeatedly said the first Bay Trail devices would be available during the Holiday 2013 timeframe, while leaked slides showed that the release window for Bay Trail-T as August 28 – September 13, 2013.[4] Both Avoton and Rangeley were announced as being available in the second half of 2013. The first Merrifield devices were announced in 1H14.[5]


Airmont is the 14 nm die shrink of Silvermont, launched in early 2015 and first seen in the Atom x7-Z8700 as used in the Microsoft Surface 3.[6] Airmont microarchitecture includes the following SoC families:[7]




  • Braswell  – consumer SoCs aimed at PCs


  • Cherry Trail  – consumer SoCs aimed at tablets.


Silvermont based cores have also been used, modified, in the Knight's Landing iteration of Intel's Xeon Phi HPC chips.




Contents






  • 1 Design


  • 2 Technology


  • 3 Erratum


  • 4 List of Silvermont processors


    • 4.1 Desktop processors (Bay Trail-D)


    • 4.2 Server processors (Avoton)


    • 4.3 Communications processors (Rangeley)


    • 4.4 Embedded/automotive processors (Bay Trail-I)


    • 4.5 Mobile processors (Bay Trail-M)


    • 4.6 Tablet processors (Bay Trail-T)


    • 4.7 Smartphone processors (Merrifield)


    • 4.8 Smartphone processors (Moorefield)




  • 5 List of Airmont processors


    • 5.1 Desktop processors (Braswell)


    • 5.2 Mobile processors (Braswell)


    • 5.3 Tablet processors (Cherry Trail)




  • 6 Other uses


  • 7 Roadmap


  • 8 See also


  • 9 References





Design


Silvermont was the first Atom processor to feature an out-of-order architecture.[8]



Technology




  • A 22 nm manufacturing process

  • SoC (System on Chip) architecture

  • 3D tri-gate transistors

  • Consumer chips up to quad-core, business-class chips up to eight cores

  • Supports SSE4.2 instruction set

  • Gen 7 Intel HD Graphics with DirectX 11, OpenGL 4.0, and OpenCL 1.1 support. OpenGL 4.0 is supported with 10.18.10.5059 WHQL drivers[9][10] and later drivers. On Android, Silvermont graphics is OpenGL ES 3.1 certified.[11]

  • 10 W thermal design power (TDP) desktop processors

  • 4.5 and 7.5 W TDP mobile processors

  • 20 W (TDP) Server and Communications processors



Erratum


Intel revealed in its Q4 2016 quarterly report that there were quality issues in the C2000 product family, which had an effect on the financial performance of the company's Data Center Group that quarter.[12] An erratum named AVR54 published by Intel state there is a defect in the chip's LPC clock, and affected systems "may experience inability to boot or may cease operation".[13][14][15] A workaround is available requiring platform hardware changes. The SoC failures are thought to have led to failures in Cisco and Synology products,[16] though discussion of the C2000 as the root cause of failure has been reported to be under a non-disclosure agreement for many vendors.[17]


Intel released a new C0 stepping of the C2000 series in April 2017 which corrected the bug.[18]


In July 2017 Intel published that a similar quality issue affects also Atom E3800 series embedded processors. The erratum named VLI89 published by Intel state, similar to issue with Atom C2000, that there is a defect in the chip's LPC clock and affected systems "may experience inability to boot or may cease operation".[19] Issues extend also to USB bus and SD card circuitry and should happen "under certain conditions where activity is high for several years". In April 2018 Intel announced it is releasing a new D1 stepping to fix the issue.[20]


The LPC, USB and SD Card buses circuitry degradation issues also apply to other Bay Trail processors such as Intel Celeron J1900 and N2800/N2900 series.[21] and also to Pentium N3500, J2850, J2900 series and Celeron J1800 and J1750 series as those are based on the same affected silicon.


Cisco stated failures of Atom C2000 processors can occur as early as 18 months of use with higher failure rates occurring after 36 months.[22]


Mitigations were found to limit impact on systems. Firmware update for the LPC bus called LPC_CLKRUN# reduces the utilization of the LPC interface what in turn decreases (but not eliminates) LPC bus degradation - some systems are however not compatible with this new firmware. USB should have a maximum of 10% active time and there is a 50TB transmit traffic life expectancy over the lifetime of the port. It is recommended not to use SD card as a boot device and to remove the card from the system when not in use.


14nm Airmont architecture processors are also affected by the design flaws as noted in the Braswell Specification Update under CHP49 errata[23]. In addition to LPC and SD Card circuitry degradation issues those 14nm designs also have issues with Real Time Clock (RTC) circuitry degradation, their USB buses are however not affected. Unspecified firmware changes are required to mitigate RTC circuitry degradation. Intel does not plan to release a new stepping for Braswell.


Intel admitted on the issue stating the impact on consumers depends on use condition.[24]



List of Silvermont processors



Desktop processors (Bay Trail-D)


List of desktop processors as follows:






































































Target
segment
Cores
(Threads)
Processor
Branding & Model
GPU Model
TDP
Turbo
Graphics Clock rate

L2
Cache
Release
Date
Price
(USD)
1-core
Normal
Turbo
Value
 4 (4)
Pentium

J2900
Intel HD Graphics
(4 EU)
10 W / 2.41 GHz
2.67 GHz
688 MHz
896 MHz
2 MB
Q4 2013
$94

J2850
N/A
792 MHz
Q3 2013
Celeron

J1900
10 W / 2.0 GHz
2.42 GHz
854 MHz
Q4 2013
$82

J1850
N/A
792 MHz
Q3 2013
 2 (2)

J1800
10 W / 2.41 GHz
2.58 GHz
1 MB
Q4 2013
$72

J1750
N/A
750 MHz
Q3 2013


Server processors (Avoton)


It has been found that a bug in the blueprint of the C2000 CPUs family may cause failure of its embedded Ethernet ports.[citation needed]


List of server processors as follows:[25]






























































Target
segment
Cores
(Threads)
Processor
Branding & Model
GPU Model
TDP
CPU Turbo
Graphics Clock rate

L2
Cache
Release
Date
Price
(USD)
1-core
Normal
Turbo
Server
 8 (8)
Atom

C2750
N/A
20 W / 2.4 GHz
2.6 GHz
N/A
N/A
4 MB
Q3 2013
$171

C2730
12 W / 1.7 GHz
2.0 GHz
$150
 4 (4)

C2550
14 W / 2.4 GHz
2.6 GHz
2 MB
$86

C2530
9 W / 1.7 GHz
2.0 GHz
$70
 2 (2)

C2350
6 W / 1.7 GHz
2.0 GHz
1 MB
$43


Communications processors (Rangeley)


List of upcoming communications processors as follows:[26]

























































































Target
segment
Cores
(Threads)
Processor
Branding & Model
GPU Model
TDP
CPU Turbo
Graphics Clock rate
Intel
QuickAssist

L2
Cache
Release
Date
Price
(USD)
1-core
Normal
Turbo
Communications
 8 (8)
Atom

C2758
N/A
20 W / 2.4 GHz
N/A
N/A
N/A
Yes
4 MB
Q3 2013
$208

C2738
No

C2718
18 W / 2.0 GHz
Yes
$182
 4 (4)

C2558
15 W / 2.4 GHz
2 MB
$104

C2538
No

C2518
13 W / 1.7 GHz
Yes
$91

C2508
9.5 W / 1.25 GHz
Q2 2014
$98
 2 (2)

C2358
7 W / 1.7 GHz
2.0 GHz
1 MB
Q3 2013
$60

C2338
No

C2308
6 W / 1.25 GHz
N/A
Yes
Q2 2014


Embedded/automotive processors (Bay Trail-I)


List of embedded processors as follows:[27]







































































Target
segment
Cores
(Threads)
Processor
Branding & Model
GPU Model
TDP
CPU Turbo
Graphics Clock rate

L2
Cache
Release
Date
Price
(USD)
1-core
Normal
Turbo
Embedded
 4 (4)
Atom

E3845
Intel HD Graphics
(4 EU)
10 W / 1.91 GHz
N/A
542 MHz
792 MHz
2 MB
Q4 2013
$52
 2 (2)

E3827
8 W / 1.75 GHz
1 MB
$41

E3826
7 W / 1.46 GHz
533 MHz
677 MHz
$37

E3825
6 W / 1.33 GHz
N/A
$34
 1 (1)

E3815
5 W / 1.46 GHz
400 MHz
512 KB
$31
 2 (2)

E3805
N/A
3 W / 1.33 GHz
N/A
1 MB
Q4 2014


Mobile processors (Bay Trail-M)


List of mobile processors as follows:

















































































































































Target
segment
Cores
(Threads)
Processor
branding & model
GPU model
TDP
CPU turbo
Graphics Clock rate

L2
Cache
Release
date
Price
(USD)
Normal
Turbo
Value
 4 (4)
Pentium

N3540
Intel HD Graphics
(4 EU)
7.5 W / 2.16 GHz
2.66 GHz
313 MHz
896 MHz
2 MB
2014-07-20
$161

N3530
2.58 GHz
2014-02-23

N3520
7.5 W / 2.166 GHz
2.42 GHz
854 MHz
2013-11-03

N3510
7.5 W / 2.0 GHz
N/A
750 MHz
2013-09-11
Celeron

N2940
7.5 W / 1.83 GHz
2.25 GHz
854 MHz
Q3 2014
$107

N2930
2.16 GHz
2014-02-23

N2920
7.5 W / 1.86 GHz
2.0 GHz
844 MHz
2013-11-03

N2910
7.5 W / 1.6 GHz
N/A
756 MHz
2013-09-11
 2 (2)

N2840
7.5 W / 2.16 GHz
2.58 GHz
311 MHz
792 MHz
1 MB
Q3 2014

N2830
2.41 GHz
313 MHz
750 MHz
2014-02-23

N2820
7.5 W / 2.13 GHz
2.39 GHz
756 MHz
2013-11-03

N2815
7.5 W / 1.86 GHz
2.13 GHz

N2810
7.5 W / 2.0 GHz
N/A
2013-09-11

N2808
4.5 W / 1.58 GHz
2.25 GHz
311 MHz
792 MHz
Q3 2014

N2807
4.3 W / 1.58 GHz
2.16 GHz
313 MHz
750 MHz
2014-02-23

N2806
4.5 W / 1.6 GHz
2.0 GHz
756 MHz
2013-11-03

N2805
4.3 W / 1.46 GHz
N/A
667 MHz
2013-09-11


Tablet processors (Bay Trail-T)


List of tablet and hybrid processors as follows:































































































































































































































Target
segment
Cores
(Threads)
Processor
branding & model
SDP[28]
CPU clock rate

L2
Cache
GPU Model
GPU Clock rate
Memory
Max Display Resolution
Socket
Release
Date
Price
(USD)
Base
Turbo
Base
Burst
Type
# Channels
Max Speed
Max Bandwidth
Max Supported
Value
4 (4)
Atom

Z3795
2 W
1.66 GHz
2.39 GHz
2 MB
Intel HD Graphics (4 EU)
311 MHz
778 MHz
LPDDR3
2x64b
1067MT/s
17.1 GB/s
4 GB

FCBGA1380
Q1 2014
$40.00

Z3785
2.2 W
1.49 GHz
2.41 GHz
313 MHz
833 MHz
LPDDR3
2x64b
1333MT/s
21.3 GB/s
4 GB

Q2 2014


Z3775
2 W
1.46 GHz
2.39 GHz
311 MHz
778 MHz
LPDDR3
2x64b
1067MT/s
17.1 GB/s
4 GB

Q1 2014
$35.00

Z3775D
2.2 W
1.49 GHz
2.41 GHz
311 MHz
792 MHz
DDR3L-RS
1x64b
1333MT/s
10.6 GB/s
4 GB

Q1 2014
$35.00

Z3770
2 W
1.46 GHz
2.39 GHz
311 MHz
667 MHz
LPDDR3
2x64b
1067MT/s
17.1 GB/s
4 GB
2560×1600
11 September 2013
$37.00

Z3770D
2.2 W
1.5 GHz
2.41 GHz
313 MHz
688 MHz
DDR3L-RS
1x64b
1333MT/s
10.6 GB/s
2 GB
1920×1280

Z3740
2 W
1.33 GHz
1.86 GHz
311 MHz
667 MHz
LPDDR3
2x64b
1067MT/s
17.1 GB/s
4 GB
2560×1600
$32.00

Z3740D
2.2 W
1.33 GHz
1.83 GHz
313 MHz
688 MHz
DDR3L-RS
1x64b
1333MT/s
10.6 GB/s
2 GB
1920×1280

Z3735F
2.2 W
1.33 GHz
1.83 GHz
311 MHz
646 MHz
DDR3L-RS
1x64b
1333MT/s
10.6 GB/s
2 GB
1920×1200
FCBGA592
Q1 2014
$17.00

Z3735G
2.2 W
1.33 GHz
1.83 GHz
311 MHz
646 MHz
DDR3L-RS
1x32b
1333MT/s
5.3 GB/s
1 GB
1200×800
 2 (2)
Z3680

1.33 GHz
2.0 GHz
1 MB
311 MHz
667 MHz
LPDDR3
1x64b
1067MT/s
8.5 GB/s
1 GB
1280×800

11 September 2013
N/A
Z3680D

1.33 GHz
2.0 GHz
311 MHz
688 MHz
DDR3L-RS
1x64b
1333MT/s
10.6 GB/s
2 GB
1920×1280



Smartphone processors (Merrifield)


List of smartphone processors as follows:



















































Model
number
sSpec
number
Cores
Frequency
GPU
frequency

L2
cache
I/O bus

Memory

Voltage

TDP

Socket
Release date
Part
number(s)
Release
price (USD)

Atom Z3460



  • SR1WR (B1)

  • SR20G (B1)

  • SR20U (B1)



2
1.6 GHz
400–457 MHz
1 MB

2 × LPDDR3-1066



March 2014


  • FG8065201850100




Atom Z3480



  • SR1WS (B1)

  • SR20F (B1)



2
2.13 GHz
457–533 MHz
1 MB

2 × LPDDR3-1066



March 2014


  • FG8065201850200





Smartphone processors (Moorefield)


List of smartphone processors as follows:



































































































Model
number
sSpec
number
Cores
Frequency
GPU
frequency

L2
cache
I/O bus

Memory

Voltage

TDP

Socket
Release date
Part
number(s)
Release
price (USD)

Atom Z3530


  • SR1YR (B0)


4
1.33 GHz
457 MHz
2 × 1 MB

2 × LPDDR3-1600



H2 2014


  • GA8066301896101




Atom Z3560



  • SR1WW (B0)

  • SR1WX (B0)



4
1.83 GHz
457–533 MHz
2 × 1 MB

2 × LPDDR3-1600



H2 2014


  • GA8066301600200




Atom Z3570

4
2.00 GHz
457–640 MHz
2 × 1 MB

2 × LPDDR3-1600



Q4 2014



Atom Z3580



  • SR1WU (B0)

  • SR1WV (B0)



4
2.33 GHz
457–533 MHz
2 × 1 MB

2 × LPDDR3-1600



H2 2014


  • GA8066301600100




Atom Z3590

4
2.50 GHz
457–640 MHz
2 × 1 MB

2 × LPDDR3-1600



H2 2015




List of Airmont processors



Desktop processors (Braswell)


List of desktop processors as follows:





















































Target
segment
Cores
(Threads)
Processor
Branding & Model
GPU Model
TDP
Turbo
Graphics Clock rate

L2
Cache
Release
Date
Price
(USD)
1-core
Normal
Turbo
Desktop
4 (4)
Pentium

J3710

Intel HD Graphics 405
(18 EU)
6.5 W /
1.6 GHz
2.64 GHz
400 MHz
740 MHz
2 MB
January 2016
N/A
Celeron

J3160

Intel HD Graphics 400
(12 EU)
6 W /
1.6 GHz
2.24 GHz
320 MHz
700 MHz
N/A
2 (2)

J3060
2.48 GHz
2 MB
[note 1]
N/A


Mobile processors (Braswell)


List of mobile processors as follows:




























































































Target
segment
Cores
(Threads)
Processor
Branding & Model
GPU Model
TDP
Turbo
Graphics Clock rate

L2
Cache
Release
Date
Price
(USD)
1-core
Normal
Turbo
Mobile
4 (4)
Pentium

N3710

Intel HD Graphics 405
(16 EU)
6W /
1.6 GHz
2.56 GHz
400 MHz
700 MHz
2 MB
Q1 2016
$161

N3700

Intel HD Graphics (Braswell)
[note 2]
2.4 GHz
Q1 2015
$161
Celeron

N3160

Intel HD Graphics 400
(12 EU)
2.24 GHz
320 MHz
640 MHz
Q1 2016
$107

N3150
Intel HD Graphics (Braswell)
[note 2]
2.08 GHz
Q1 2015
$107
2 (2)

N3060
Intel HD Graphics 400
2.48 GHz
600 MHz
2 MB
[note 1]
Q1 2016
$107

N3050
Intel HD Graphics (Braswell)
[note 2]
2.16 GHz
Q1 2015
$107

N3010
Intel HD Graphics 400
4W / 1.04 GHz
2.24 GHz
Q1 2016
$107

N3000
Intel HD Graphics (Braswell)
[note 2]
2.08 GHz
Q1 2015
$107




  1. ^ ab Some initial reports stated that the processor has 1 MB L2 cache; see Anthony Shvets. "Notes below Specifications". CPU World..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ abcd Klaus Hinum (January 26, 2016). "Intel HD Graphics (Braswell)". Notebookcheck Publishing GmbH.




Tablet processors (Cherry Trail)



List of smartphone and tablet processors as follows:








































































Target
segment
Cores
(Threads)
Processor
Branding & Model
SDP
CPU clock rate

L2
Cache
GPU Model
Graphics Clock rate
Socket
Release
Date
Price
(USD)
Base
Turbo 1-core
Normal
Turbo
Tablet
4 (4)
Atom x7

Z8750
2W
1.6 GHz
2.56 GHz
2 MB
Intel HD Graphics
(16 EU)
200 MHz
600 MHz
FCBGA1380
Q1 2016
$37

Z8700
2.4 GHz
Q1 2015
Atom x5
Z8550
1.44 GHz
Intel HD Graphics
(12 EU)
$27

Z8500
2.24 GHz

Z8350
1.92 GHz
500 MHz
FCBGA594
Q1 2016
$21

Z8330


Z8300
1.84 GHz
Q2 2015
$21


Other uses


Silvermont based processor cores have been used in Knights Landing versions of Intel's Xeon Phi multiprocessor HPC chips, with changes for HPC including AVX-512 vector units.[29][30]



Roadmap









See also



  • List of Intel CPU microarchitectures

  • List of Intel Pentium microprocessors

  • List of Intel Celeron microprocessors

  • List of Intel Atom microprocessors

  • Atom (system on chip)



References





  1. ^ "Intel Launches Low-Power, High-Performance Silvermont Microarchitecture". Intel.com. Retrieved 2013-05-06.


  2. ^ "Deep inside Intel's new ARM killer: Silvermont". The Register. 2013-05-08. Retrieved 2014-04-08.


  3. ^ "Intel Launches Low-Power, High-Performance Silvermont Microarchitecture". Newsroom.intel.com. 2013-05-06. Retrieved 2014-04-08.


  4. ^ "Intel Bay Trial-T launches August 28 – September 13". guru3d.com. Retrieved 2013-07-04.


  5. ^ "Intel reveals Merrifield processor". engadget.com. Retrieved 2013-06-04.


  6. ^ Joel Hruska (March 31, 2015). "Intel quietly launches 14nm Braswell, Bay Trail's successor". ExtremeTech.


  7. ^ Michael Kan. "Intel plans new 'Braswell' chip for PCs, over 20 Chromebooks". PCWorld. Retrieved 2014-04-08.


  8. ^ Anand Lal Shimpi. "Intel's Silvermont Architecture Revealed: Getting Serious About Mobile".


  9. ^ "Download Intel® Graphics Driver for Windows 7* and 8.1*, and Windows® 10 [15.33]". Drivers & Software.


  10. ^ "Intel HD Graphics Drivers v10.18.10.3621 with one new OpenGL Extension". Geeks3D. Retrieved 2014-06-05.


  11. ^ "OpenGL ES Conformant product list". Khronos Group. 11 January 2014. Retrieved 11 January 2014.


  12. ^ Alcorn, Paul (31 January 2017). "CPU Failures Hurt Intel's Bottom Line". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved 7 February 2017.


  13. ^ Hellstrom, Jeremy (7 February 2017). "Intel's Atom C2xxx processors may just make like a banana and split". PC Perspective. Retrieved 7 February 2017.


  14. ^ Calburn, Thomas (6 February 2017). "Atom C2000 chips are bricking products – and it's not just Cisco hit". The Register. Retrieved 7 February 2017.


  15. ^ "Intel Atom Processor C2000 Product Family Specification Update" (PDF). Intel Atom Processor C2000 Product Family Specification Update. Intel. Retrieved 7 February 2017.


  16. ^ Kampman, Jeff (7 February 2017). "Report: Some embedded Atom CPUs can brick their host systems". Tech Report. Retrieved 7 February 2017.


  17. ^ Kennedy, Patrick (7 February 2017). "THE INTEL ATOM C2000 SERIES BUG – WHY IT IS SO QUIET". ServeTheHome. Retrieved 28 February 2017.


  18. ^ Robinson, Cliff (23 April 2017). "Intel Atom C2000 C0 Stepping Fixing the AVR54 Bug". Serve the Home. Retrieved 25 April 2017.


  19. ^ "Intel Atom® Processor E3800 Specification Update" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-04-13.


  20. ^ "Product Change Notification 116196 - 00" (PDF). 2018-04-09.


  21. ^ "Intel® Celeron® Processor J1900, N2807 & N2930 for Internet of Things Platforms Specification Update Addendum" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-04-14.


  22. ^ "Clock Signal Component Issue". Cisco. Retrieved 2018-04-14.


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